suicide-1. .pptx

Mental health

1. MENTAL HEALTH SUICIDE GROUP 5A

2. OBJECTIVES. Introduction to suicide Epidemiology Specifiers of suicide Classification of suicide Risk factors DSM 5 criteria on suicide Treatment and management

3. INTRODUCTION Suicide is defined as intentional taking of one’s own life. In some European languages, the word for suicide translates into English as “ self-murder “ . Until the end of the twentieth century, approximately, suicide was considered a criminal act; legal terminology used the Latin phrase felo-de-se, which means “ a crime against the self.” Manifestation of suicide is through suicidal attempt, which is an act where an individual tries to kill himself/herself but survives.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY. According to WHO every year 703,000 people take their own life and there are many people who attempt suicide. Every suicide is a tragedy that affects families, communities and entire countries and has long-lasting effect on the people left behind. Suicide does not just occur in high income countries but is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world.Infact, over 77% of global suicides occurred in low and middle income countries in 2019.

5. SPECIFIERS Suicidal behavior is often categorized in terms of violence of the method. Generally, overdoses with legal or illegal substances are considered nonviolent in method, whereas jumping, gunshot wounds, and other methods are considered violent.

6. CLASSIFICATION Suicide attempt this is an act where an individual tries to kill himself/herself but survives suicide ideation, this refers to thoughts of suicide. Complete suicide this refers to an act of a person taking his/her own life intentionally

7. OTHER CLASSIFICATION Suicide as classified according to Emil Durkheim:- Egoistic suicide This refers to prolonged sense of not belonging, of not being integrated in a community in which it can lead to meaninglessness, apathy ,melancholy and depression.

8. Cont ….. ii. Altruistic suicide This is characterized by a sense of being overwhelmed by a group’s goal and belief ,it occurs in societies with high integration and individual needs are seen of less importance than the societies needs. Example a soldier chooses to go to war for his family/community/country.

9. Cont …. Anomic suicide This occurs when there is breakdown of social norms and values ,leading to a sense of purposelessness and a lack of direction in individuals. Example when an individual suffers extreme financial loss.

10. Cont.. iv. Fatalistic suicide. This is the opposite of anomic suicide and occurs in societies so oppressive, their inhabitants would rather die than live on. Example some prisoners might prefer to die than live in a prison with constant abuse and excessive regulations.

11. RISK FACTORS GENDER:-Males are three to five times more likely to succeed in their suicide attempts than females, but females are more likely to attempt suicide AGE SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION:-Suicidal behavior is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders, most commonly bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, anxiety disorder.

12. DSM 5 CRITERIA ON SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR Within the last 24 months, the individual has made a suicide attempt. B. The act does not meet criteria for non suicidal self-injury—that is, it does not involve self-injury directed to the surface of the body undertaken to induce relief from a negative feeling/cognitive. C. The diagnosis is not applied to suicidal ideation or to preparatory acts. D. The act was not initiated during a state of delirium or confusion. E. The act was not undertaken solely for a political or religious objective

13. TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT Psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy Hospitalization, in case of acute risk or imminent danger. Supportive intervention ,support groups Pharmacological :-anti-depressants such as SSRI,mood stabilizers such as

14. CONCLUSION Researchers estimate that 8–25 people attempt suicide for every person who completes the act. Suicide attempts can be broadly categorized along a continuum that ranges from seriously planned attempts involving a highly lethal method that fail by good fortune, to impulsive or poorly planned attempts using a less lethal method.

15. REFERENCES The Gale Encyclopedia of mental disorders, Vol 2 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders 5 th edition. Suicide: A study in sociology, Emile Durkheim

16. GROUP MEMBERS AMINA KAPANDA MWANAISHA SAGAYA BHOKOBOLA PETER