SUITABLE GROUNDNUT VARIETIES FOR KHARIF AND RABI

R.Varshini
APAC


SUITABLE GROUNDNUT VARIETIES FOR KHARIF AND RABI

1. AGR 303 PRACTICAL CROP PRODUCTION – II [RABI] CROPS [0+2] BY, R.VARSHINI 2017018094 SUITABLE GROUNDNUT VARIETIES FOR KHARIF AND RABI

2. The season for the cultivation of groundnut crop varies considerably in India on account of variations in soil and climatic conditions in different states . In India, groundnut is cultivated in 3 seasons viz., Kharif (monsoon or rainy season ), Rabi (winter season) and Summer . In Tamil Nadu, groundnut is grown in five seasons viz., Adipattam (June-July), Karthikaipattam (Oct-Nov), Margazhipattam (Dec-Jan), Masipattam (Feb-March) Chithiraipattam (April-May). SEASON

3. VARIETIES The varieties under cultivation fall under 3 botanical groups viz .,  Bunch (Spanish/Valencia), Semi-spreading (Virginia Bunch) Spreading (Virginia Runner).

4. Bunch Group The plant grows erect , possesses light-green foliage , produces pods in cluster at the base of the plant round, plump non-dormant seeds light-rose testa [Spanish] red or purple testa [ Valencia group]

5. Semi-spreading And Spreading Varieties T he branches trail either partially or completely on the surface of the soil, produce pods all along them, possess dark-green foliage oblong , dormant seeds of brownish testa . The semi-spreading and spreading varieties are high yielding and late maturing than the bunch varieties . In Virginia bunch, TMV10 is preferred because of its high-oil content and higher market price . Virginia runner is preferred for its fodder value .

6. During kharif (rainy season), varieties belonging to all the botanical groups are cultivated. D uring rabi /summer (post-rainy season) varieties belonging to bunch group alone are preferred because of their early maturity.

7. Kharif About 90% of the groundnut in India is sown in the kharif season under rainfed conditions. In Pollachi area of Tamil Nadu which gets the benefit of pre-monsoon showers, Spanish bunch varieties are sown in the first week of April . In Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli districts, which receive monsoon rains very late, sowings are taken up as late as September . Between these two extremes, there are central and coastal districts where sowing is done from June to August. July-August sowings are most common.

8. Rabi Groundnut is raised in rabi season on a limited scale in areas where winter is not severe and night temperatures do not go below 15 o C. This crop is usually raised in rice fallow situation to utilize the residual moisture after the harvest of rice. Where irrigation facility is available, 2 or 3 irrigations are given in the later stages of the crop. The rabi crops are sown from September to December . Low temperatures delay the germination of seed and cause setback in the plant growth and reduce flower production. If the crop is sown in November or later with an early maturing cultivar, the growth and yield can be better. Rabi groundnut is raised in coastal regions, river deltas of Cauvery and in other irrigated areas in parts of Tamil Nadu .

9. Bunch varieties released/ introduced in Tamil Nadu . S.no Variety Parentage Botanical group Habit group Dura- tion Year of release Yield (kg/ha) Rainfed Irrigated 1 TMV 2 Mass selection from"Gudiya tham Bunch" AH.32 Spanish Bunch 105 1940 - 1025 2 TMV 7 Selection from " Tenesse white" Spanish Bunch 105 1967 - 1400 3 TMV 9 Ah 3490 x Ah 477 Spanish Bunch 110 1970 1160 2000 4 TMV 11 Selection from"East African Variety" Valencia Bunch 100 1977 1200 - 5 TMV 12 Pureline selection from Ugandan culture Spanish Bunch 105 1978 1250 2100

10. 6 POL 1 Selection from "Malaysian bunch variety" Spanish Bunch 105 1968 1450 - 7 POL 2 Pollachi Red x Ah 2105 Spanish Bunch 105 1973 1600 2700 8 CO 1 Ah 6279 x TMV 3 Spanish Bunch 105 1979 1200 2000 9 CO 2 EMS mutant from POL 1 Spanish Bunch 105 1984 1640 2710 10 CO 3 VRI 3 x JL 24 Spanish Bunch 105 1999 1750 2150

11. 11 VRI 1 TMV 7 x FSB 7-2 Spanish Bunch 105 1986 1480 2500 12 VRI 2 JL 24 x Co 2 Spanish Bunch 105 1989 1790 2060 13 VRI 3 J 11 x Robut 33-1 Spanish Bunch 95 1990 1670 1830 14 VRI 4 VG 5 x NCAc 17090 Spanish Bunch 105-110 1996 1660 2171

12. 15 ALR 2 ICGV 86011 (Dh 320 x USA 2) x NCAc 2232 Spanish Bunch 105 1994 1740 - 16 ALR 3 [R 33-1 x ICG(FDRS) 68 x( NCAc 17090 x ALR 1)] Spanish Bunch 110-115 1999 1683 1886 17 BSR 1 ICGV 44 x(Robut 33-1x NCAc 2821) Spanish Bunch 105 1994 - 2845 18 JL 24 Mass selection from Taiwan Spanish Bunch 100 - 1650 -

13. Semi-spreading varieties released in Tamil Nadu. S. no Variety Parentage Botanical group Habit group Dura-tion Year of release Yield (kg/ha) Rainfed Irrigated 1 TMV6 Selection from "Virginia bunch" Virginia Semi-spread ing 140 1961 - 950 2 TMV8 Selection from Mana- parai local Virginia Semi-spreading 135 1968 - 1600 3 TMV10 Natural mutant from "Argentina" Virginia Semi-spreading 130 1970 1700 - 4 ALR1 Pol 2 x PPG 4 Virginia Semi-spreading 125 1986 1500 - 5 CO(GN)6 CO2 /ICGS 86010 / CO2/ (VG119 / ICGS50) Virginia Semi-spreading 125 2002 1585 -

14. Spreading varieties released in Tamil Nadu . S.no Variety Parentage Botanical group Habit group Dura- tion Year of release Yield (kg/ha) Rainfed Irrigated 1 TMV 1 Mass selection from west African variety " Saloum " culture Ah 25 Virginia Spread- ing 140 1943 1450 - 2 TMV 3 Selection from west African variety, Bassi (Ah 698) Virginia Spread-ing 140 1943 - 1450 3 TMV 4 Selection from "North Corolina" variety (Ah 334) Virginia Spread-ing 140 1947 - 1450

15. Some Other New Varieties grown in Tamilnadu Variety Duration Yield (kg/ha) Characters 1. CO(GN)4   K - 1500R - 1950 Released by TNAU in 2001. Resistant to rust & late leaf spot Suitable for both rabi & summer 2. VRI (GN) 5   2133 Released by TNAU in 2001Suitable for Kharif 3. CO (GN) 5   2384 Released by TNAU in 2002Suitable for both Rabi & Summer Resistant to rust and late leaf spot 4. ICGV 86325 115-125 2700 High yielding under rainfed Tolerant to rust, late leaf spot and BND. 5. Manikya (DRG 12) 115-120 2604 High yielding for rabi / summer. Tolerant to rust late leaf spot and PBND. Suitable for rabi /summer irrigated conditions. 6.VRI GN-6 100-105 2327 Early maturing, less susceptible to rust, LLS, thrips and jassids compared to JL-24. Kernels medium and tan in colour . Sowing of crop in first week of June was found to be optimum. 7. Vemana (K134) - - - 8. Apoorva (R 8808) - - -

16. Thank you