SULFONAMIDES ANTIBIOTICS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY.pptx

SULFONAMIDES ANTIBIOTICS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY.pptx

1. Dr.S.Arulraja Dept of pharmacology

2. INTRODUCTION

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. DRUGS FOR SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS

5. ANTI BACTERIAL SPECTRUM

6. Mechanism of Action

7. Cont… Results in folic acid deficiency and thereby inhibition of bacterial growth as well as injury to the bacterial cell. Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic not bactericidal.

8. RESISTANCE

9. PHARMACOKINETICS

10. THERAPEUTIC USES

11. Cont…

12. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

13. Cont…

14. Stevens–Johnson syndrome

15. Trachoma of eye Exfoliative dermatitis

16. Contraindications

17. COTRIMOXAZOLE

18. INTRODUCTION

19. Trimethoprim

20. ANTI BACTERIAL SPECTRUM

21. THERAPEUTIC USES

22. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION

23. QUINOLONES

24. QUINOLONES

25. Fluoroquinolones

26. Fluoroquinolones .

27. Generation Drug Names Spectrum 1st Nalidixic acid Cinoxacin Gram- but not Pseudomonas species 2nd Norfloxacin Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin Gram- (including Pseudomonas species), some Gram+ (S. aureus) and some atypicals 3rd Levofloxacin Sparfloxacin Moxifloxacin Gemifloxacin Gatifloxacin Same as 2 nd generation with extended Gram+ and atypical coverage 4th Trovafloxacin Same as 3 rd generation with broad anaerobic coverage *withdrawn from the market in 1999

28. MECHANISM OF ACTION

29. PHARMACOKINETICS

30. CIPROFLOXACIN (CIFRAN)

31. USES

32. USES Tuberculosis Gram negative septicemias Meningitis Prophylactic use – neutropenic patients Conjunctivitis

33. CIPROFLOXACIN - ADR Gastrointestinal Nausea Vomiting Bad taste Anorexia

34. CIPROFLOXACIN - ADR Skin/hypersensitivity Rash Pruritis Photosensitivity Urticaria Swelling Tendinitis Tendon Rupture

35. NORFLOXACIN (NORFLOX) It is less potent than ciprofloxacin due to less bioavailability Is primarily used for UTI & bacterial diarrhoea It is not recommended for respiratory & systemic infections, particularly where gram-positive cocci are involved Oral Availability % - 30-40% T1/2 (hours) - 3-4 Oral dose - 400 mg twice daily

36. OFLOXACIN (TARIVID) Effective against gram-negative organism More active than ciprofloxacin against gram-positive organism ,chlamydia,mycoplasma. It is used in Tuberculosis ,leprosy, Atypical pneumonia & chlamydial infections. Oral Availability % - About 95% Indication - Like ciprofloxacin T 1/2 (hours) - 5-7 Oral dose - 200-400 mg. once daily;

37. LEVOFLOXACIN (TAVANIC) Increased activity against streptococcus pneumoniae,effective against gram – ve bacteria & anaerobes. Oral Availability % - > 90% Indication - community acquired pneumonias,chronic bronchitis,skin,soft tissue & UTI T 1/2 (hours) - 6-8 Oral dose - 7-14 days

38. THANK YOU