Summer Training at Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project (IGSTPP)

Aravali Power Company Pvt Ltd. (APCPL) is a Joint venture company with 50% share of NTPC Ltd, 25% of Haryana Power Generation Company Ltd (HPGCL, Haryana State company), and 25% of Indraprastha Power Generation Company Ltd (IPGCL, DelhiState company). The company was registered on 21st Dec 2006.

APCPL has constructed a coal based power plant near Village Jharli, District- Jhajjar (Haryana) named Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project (IGSTPP). Presently under Stage-I, power plant of 3x 500MW capacity is constructed, whose all 3 units are commissioned. There is a future provision of 2x 660 MW under Stage-II.

1. WELCOME 1

2. Summer Training At INDIRA GANDHI SUPER THERMAL POWER PROJECT (NTPC JHAJJAR) Submitted by : Nadeem Khilji 11EVEEX032 7 Th Sem. EEE Vyas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jodhpur 2

3. Contents :- About the Company About the Plant Pre-Requisites Pollution Control Measures Special Features Generation Of Electricity Steam Power Station Electricity Generation Process Equipment's of Steam Power Station Electrical Equipment’s 3

4. About the Company :- APCPL is a Joint Venture of NTPC, HPGCL & IPGCL. APCPL was registered on 21 st Dec. 2006 . NTPC is the Largest Thermal Power Generation Company of India. NTPC holds 50% equity stake in the Company while HPGCL holds 25% and IPGCL holds 25%. IGSTPP, APCPL was awarded with GOLD AWARD in Thermal Power Sector during 13 th annual Greentech Environment Excellence Award 2012 Fig. a: Courtesy : www.apcpl.co.in 4

5. About Power Plant :- The Plant is located at village Jharli in Jhajjar District of Haryana covering land area of 2191 acre . The Plant have in plant Medical Facilities, School, Community Centre, Club, Shopping Complex, Stadium. Plant Details :- Capacity : Stage I : 1500MW (3x500MW) Stage II : 1320MW (2x660MW) Beneficiary : Haryana, Delhi. Coal Linkage : Mahanadi Coal Field, Eastern Coalfield Ltd, Northern Coalfield Ltd. Water Courtesy : Jawaharlal Nehru Feeder Canal. Power Evacuation : 2x400KV Double circuit system to Daulatabad and Mundka . 5

6. IGSTPP Model :- Fig. b : IGSTPP Model Courtesy: Captured by me. 6

7. Pre-Requisites :- Availability of land & its cost. Availability of water. Supply of fuel. Transportation facility. Nearness to load centres. Distance from populated area. 7

8. Pollution Control Measures :- Air Pollution Control Devices are installed in the plant 275m high Chimney. Plant is designed on the concept of ‘Zero Discharge’ as a result 100% water resource is maintained. Installation of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Implementation of Solid Waste Management Plan. Green belt development. 8

9. Special Features :- Water is stored in 2 reservoirs built on 350acres of land with HDPE piping, and storage capacity of 35 lakh m 3 each. RO Plant for recycling the waste water of station to ensure zero effluent discharge. Water requirement 7400 m 3 /hr. 9

10. About Electricity Principle of Electricity was given by Michael Faraday in early 1830s. Electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc between the poles of magnet. Faraday’s Law of Induction : The induced emf in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. 10

11. Steam ( Thermal) Power Plant :- A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as STEAM POWER STATION . Steam Power Stations basically work on Rankine Cycle. Fig. c: Pie chart showing generation of electrical energy Thermal Power-60% Hydro Electricity-30% Others-10% Rankine Cycle Fig. d: Graph PV & TS Courtesy : www.learnEngineering.org Rankine Cycle is an idealised thermodynamic cycle of heat engine that conversts heat into mechanical work Efficiency of Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization of the fluid. Fig. e: Rankine Cycle Courtesy : www.learnEngineering.org Fig. f: Rankine Cycle Courtesy: www.learnEngineering.org 11

12. Electricity Generation Process :- Fig . g: Electricity Generation Process Courtesy : http:// www.macgen.com.au/Generation-Portfolio/The-Electricity-Generation-Process.aspx 12

13. Layout of Steam Power Station :- Fig. h: Layout of Thermal Power Plant Courtesy: Principles of Power System by V.K. Mehta & Rohit Mehta 13

14. Equipment of Steam Power Station :- Coal Handling Plant Steam Generating Plant Ash Handling Plant Steam Turbine Condenser Cooling Arrangement Water Treatment Plant Alternator & Exciter Electrical Equipment's 14

15. Coal Handling Plant :- Coal is transported to power station by Rail or Road Transportation. Coal is then Pulverised in order to increase its surface exposure. Pulverised Coal is fed to boilers by belt conveyors. 15

16. Pulverisation :- A dvantages Dis-advantages Investment cost of plant is increased. Explosion hazards exist. Auxiliary power consumption of the plant increased. Rate of combustion can be controlled. Even low grade coal can be used. The percentage of excess air required is low. Pulverisation is a means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen 16

17. Boiler :- A Boiler is a closed vessel in which water, under pressure is converted into steam. Fire tube boiler Water tube boiler The Products of combustion pass through the tube which are surrounded with water. Simple, Compact and Rugged in construction. Water flows inside the tubes and hot gases flow outside the tubes. Further classified as vertical, horizontal and inclined. Type of Boilers Advantages: Advantages: Low Initial Cost. Economical only for Low Pressure Uniform Heating of all Parts Increased Efficiency Better Control on Temperature. Boiler 17

18. Ash Handling Plant :- The Ash so produced is moved to Ash Handling plant. Ash is cooled and then sent to Ash Storage plant . Ash is used to make bricks, Roads, Cement, Land Filling, In agriculture, Mine filling, Fertilisers, etc. Fig. i: Ash Handling Plant Courtesy: http ://supriyaengineering.com 18

19. Electrostatic Precipitator :- Used to remove dust and other fine particulates from the flue gases before disposing them in the atmosphere. Consists of highly charged plates. Suspension Passes through an electrically discharged area where ionization takes place. The particulates are wiped off and clear smoke is disposed off. 19

20. Super Heater :- A Super Heater is device which superheats the steam, it raises the temperature of Steam above Boiling Point of Water. Increases Overall Efficiency. Too much condensation in turbine is avoided. Steam is heated by the flue gases. Types :- Radiant Super Heater. Convection Super Heater. 20

21. Radiant Super heater Placed in the furnace between water walls and receives heat from the burning fuel through radiation process. Disadvantage :- Due to high furnace temperature it may get over heated, hence require careful design. Convection Super heater Place in the boiler tube bank and receives heat from flue gases through convection process. Advantage :- Temperature increases with the increase in steam output. 21

22. Economiser :- It is feed water heater. Derives heat from flue gases. Feed water is supplied to it before supplying to boiler. Economiser uses the heat of flue gases and uses it for heating feed water. Flue Gases Flue Gases Feed Water Inlet Feed Water Outlet Fig. j: Economiser Block Diagram Courtesy: www.learnEngineering.org 22

23. Air Preheater :- It increases the temperature of air supplied for coal burning by deriving heat from flue gases. Air is drawn from atmosphere by forced draught fan. It extracts heat from the flue gases and increases the temperature of air used for coal combustion. Principal benefits are :- Increased thermal efficiency. Increased steam capacity per square meter of boiler surface. 23

24. Steam Turbine :- The heat energy of steam when passing over the blades of turbine is converted into mechanical energy. Advantages : Speed Less floor Area Low Maintenance cost Fig. k: Steam Turbine Model Courtesy : Captured by Me 24

25. Condenser :- A Condenser is a device which condenses the steam at the exhaust of turbine. It creates very low pressure at the exhaust of the turbine, permitting expansion of steam in the prime mover at very low pressure. Condensed steam can be used as feed water to the boiler. Fig. l: Condenser Courtesy : http://upload.wikimedia.org 25

26. Types Of Condensers :- Jet Condenser Surface Condenser No direct contact between cooling water and exhausted steam. Cooling water flows through the tubes and exhausted steam over the surface of the tubes . Cooling water and exhausted steam are mixed together. Temperature of cooling water and condensate is the same when leaving the condenser . Advantages: Advantages: Low initial cost Less floor area required Low Maintenance Charges Less Cooling Water Required Condensate Can be Used as feed water Less Pumping power required. Disadvantages : Disadvantages : Condensate is wasted High Power is required for pumping. High initial cost Large floor area required High Maintenance Charges 26

27. Cooling Tower :- Is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water steam to lower the temperature. Fig. m: Cooling Tower Courtesy: Captured by me. 27

28. Water Treatment Plant :- Boilers require clean and soft water for longer life and better efficiency. Courtesy of boiler feed water is river or lake which may contain suspended and dissolved impurities, dissolved gases. So the water must be first purified and Softened by Chemical Treatment and then feed to boiler. Suspended impurities are removed by Sedimentation Coagulation Filtration Dissolved Gases are removed by Aeration and Degasification. Water is Soften by removing temporary and permanent hardness by Chemical process. 28

29. Alternator :- Alternator is machine which converts the mechanical energy into the electrical energy. Alternator is mechanically coupled with the steam turbine. Alternator may be Hydrogen or Air Cooled. Fig. n: Alternator Courtesy: www.learnEngineering.org 29

30. Transformer :- A Transformer is a static device that transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without changing the Frequency, Voltage level can be Stepped up / Stepped Down as per requirement. In the Plant Generation is done at 33 KV. There are 2 types of Transformers installed in the plant they are viz.: Power Transformer Unit Auxiliary Transformer. 30

31. Main Parts of Switchyard :- Circuit Breaker Isolator Current Transformer Potential Transformer Lightning Arrestor 31

32. Circuit Breaker :- Circuit Breaker is a mechanical device which is used to make or break an electrical circuit under normal & abnormal conditions. It’s used to protect the electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or Short Circuit. Fig. o: 400 KV SF 6 Circuit Breaker Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:400kv.jpg 32

33. Isolator :- It’s used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for maintenance. It’s used under NO LOAD condition. So are called as OFF-LOAD DEVICES. Fig. p: High Voltage Disconnector. Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RNDZ-1-110.jpg 33

34. Instrument Transformers :- Current Transformer : It used for measuring alternating electrical current. Potential Transformer : It is used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay . Fig. q: Current Transformer (SF 6 ) Courtesy : http://mydocs.epri.com Fig. r: Potential Transformer Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RNDZ-1-110.jpg 34

35. Lightening Arrestor :- These are used to protect the switchyard from lightening phenomena. These are installed at the entrance, before and after the transformers. Fig. s: Lightening Arrestor Courtesy : http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:la.jpg 35

36. Advantages :- Fuel is very cheap Less initial cost Can be installed at any place. Require less space. Generation cost is low 36

37. References :- Principles of Power System by V.K. MEHTA & ROHIT MEHTA https ://www.linkedin.com/company/apcpl--- a-joint-venture-of-ntpc-ltd-hpgcl-and-ipgcl http:// www.apcpl.co.in http:// www.hpgcl.gov.in http://en.wikipedia.org / http :// www.macgen.com.au/Generation-Portfolio/The-Electricity-Generation-Process.aspx 37

38. Any Queries? 38

39. THANK YOU 39