Supercritical fluid extraction

1. Supercritical Fluid extraction(SFE) Supercritical fluid extraction: is process of separating one component from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent.

2. Historical Background Solvent properties of SCF were first reported well over 100 years ago 1879 by Hannay and Hogarth(measured solubility of inorganic salts in supercritical ethanol) Since 1980s and 1990s SCF has been used in several industrial processes.

3. Critical Condition At a certain temperature and pressure condition, liquid and vapor phrases of a substance become indistinguishable, known a CRITICAL CONDITION.

4. Components of SFE fluid Reservoir Pump Reciprocating pump Syringe pump Extraction cell/column usually stainless steel chamber or vessel in compartment Capable of withstanding high pressure Open tubular capillary columns or packed columns

5. Supercritical CO 2 Here we can see the separate phases of carbon dioxide. With an increase in temperature the meniscus begins to diminish Increasing the temperature further causes the gas and liquid densities to become more similar. The meniscus is less easily observed but still exists. Once the critical temperature and pressure have been reached, the two distinct phases of liquid and gas are no longer visible

6. Advantages Elimination of organic solvents i.e. reduces the risk of storage Rapid(due to fast back-diffusion of analytes in the SCF reduces the extraction time since the complete extraction step is performed in about 20 min) Suitable for extraction and purification of compounds having low volatility present in solid or liquid Susceptible to thermal degradation

7. Advantages Complete separation Continuous process Low handling cost Solvent recovery is easy Versatile and efficient

8. Limitations Prolonged time Modeling is inaccurate Scale is not possible Expensive Consistency & reproducibility

9. Applications Food science Natural products By products recovery

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