Supplementary/compounded feeding in Kenyan and Indian dairy systems – why so little?

Ben Lukuyu and Michael Blummel

FAP Symposium on Feed in Smallholder Systems, Luang Prabang, Laos, 18-19 November 2010

1. Supplementary/compounded feeding in Kenyan and Indian dairy systems – why so little? Place photo here Ben Lukuyu and Michael Blummel 1 FAP Symposium on Feed in Smallholder Systems Luang Prabang , Laos, 18-19 November 2010

2. Key issues Little use Perceived high cost/affordability by farmers Increases cost of milk production Poor returns/quality? Inappropriate use When to feed? How much? Inappropriate packaging/delivery Micro sizing done by dealers Poor access 2

3. What we know: Concentrate feed value chain in East Africa 3

4. What we know: Concentrate use in East Africa % of households with cattle utilizing concentrate feeds % of dairy farmers feeding various concentrate feed types Message: Concentrate use is on the increase Dairy meal used by relatively few farmers in Rwanda and Uganda vs. Kenya Most farmer use feed ingredients for supplementation 4

5. Inefficiencies in concentrate feed manufacture, delivery and use Delivery related Lack of enforcement of feed standards: Variability in quality/pricing, quality not known/sub standard Adulteration/ counterfeit product packaging Unqualified manufacturing and advisory staff Limited & costly feed testing for quality and variable results from labs Small scale feed millers not recognized (Uganda) Farm(er) related Lack of knowledge on nutrient requirements Recommendations/feeding not based on diet and production Variable forage quantity and quality- (seasonality and opportunistic feeding) Response due to concentrate use not measured Purchase of small quantities affordable to farmers (micro sizing) 5

6. Quality of Dairy Meal on Kenyan market   Component Dairy meal ( n=30) Mean Max Min SD Ash (%) 6 16 1 4.5 CP (%) 18 23 4 4.0 NDF - (%) DM 45 78 36 7.2 ADF - (%) DM 16 47 5 10.5 ADL - (%) DM 4 7 2 1.5 ME - (Mj/kg) 10 12 7 1.3 ivomd (%) 69 78 50 8.2 Source: EADD baseline data, 2010 6

7. Complete ration approaches in India Ingredients % Sorghum stover 50 Bran/husks/hulls 18 Oilcakes 18 Molasses 8 Grains 4 Minerals, vitamins, urea 2 Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD 7

8. Potential of complete rations with dairy buffalo Block High Block Low CP (%) 17.2 17.1 ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 7.37 DMI (kg/d) 19.7 18.0 DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 % Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d 8

9. What has been done: Concentrate re-allocation Treatment 3: Animals fed 8 kg dairy meal per day for 75 days then hay Treatment 2: 4 kg for 150 days Treatment 1: 2 kg for 300 days 1. Feeding adequate amount in the early lactation results higher milk yields 2. Farmer may need credit facilities. Is it available? 9

10. Complete ration in India: advantages, uptake, outlook Economic advantage over current feeding (largely based on home-mixed supplements) if feed costs >50% of milk price Still adoption slow, under promoted, distorted by subsidies Decentralized rather than centralized production, down-scaled machinery In addition to very targeted (relative to prominent basal diets) supplements Developments of labor cost decisive driver for changes in feeding systems 10

11. Ideas on potential areas of intervention in East Africa Delivery, markets and quality control Formulate action-research interventions on concentrate feed provision: appropriate formulations; micro-sizing; quality control, BDS etc Expand concentrate feed markets – promoting private sector investment in feeds Public sector role in regulating feed supplement/ concentrate) sales appropriately so smallholders have confidence in the products…. Use at farm level Strategic use of supplements/concentrate feeds on smallholder farms Formulation and delivery of commercial feed supplements for small-scale lower-income livestock keepers e.g. NOVUS Developing supplement/concentrate feeds guidelines that based on diet and production 11

12. Thank you for your attention 12