Surah Ar Rahman - A Detailed Analysis

A detailed overview of Surah Ar Rahman - the 55th Surah of Al Quran.

1. SURAH AR-RAHMAN سورة الرحمن Chapter-55 (Prepared by: Nasim Ahsan)

2. IN THE NAME OF GOD ,THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIFUL

3. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the H eaven and the E arth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgement. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take away message.

4. The Virtue of Surah Ar-Rahman A ccording to the Quran and authentic Sunnah, t here is no specific mention of the importance of Surah Ar-Rahman Section-1 About Surah Ar-Rahman

5. Time Of Revelation: Imam Qurtubi (rta) holds the view that this surah was revealed in Makkah. Imam Tirmidhi (rta) recorded from Jabir (rta) that the Prophet (saw) recited this surah before “some people” who remained silent . The P rophet (saw) said: “I recited this surah to the Jinns , on the night of Jinn and their response was better than You rs ! Whenever I recited Allah’s Statement “ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ” ( S o, O mankind and Jinn which of the Favours of your Lord will you deny). They said : “ لا بشيء من نعمك ربنا نكذب فلك الحمد ” “None of Your favours do we deny, our Lord! All Praise is due to you.” Section-1 About Surah Ar-Rahman.

6. Upon returning from the city of Taif, in the 10th year of Prophethood, the Prophet recited the Quran and was heard by the Jinn. There are several authentic traditions which testify that Surah Rehman was revealed in Makkah, many years before migration to Madina. Section-1 About Surah Ar-Rahman.

7. The Makkan Life Of The Prophet(saw) 610 614 611 616 612 618 613 620 615 621 617 622 619 40 44 41 46 42 48 43 50 45 51 47 52 49 First Revelators Secret Invitation Open Invitation Persecution of Muslim stars Migration to Ethiopia by a group Economic Boycott by Banyu Hashim End of economic boycott Death of Khadija and Abu Talib Visit To Taef Isra and Miraj Night Journey The First treaty of Aqbah Migration to Madina Khadija, Abu Bakar, Ali Zaid(rta) accepted Islam Hamza and Umar accepted Islam 1 5 2 7 3 9 4 11 6 12 8 13 10 Surah Ar-Rahman Early Makkan Period

8. Ayah Theme Section 1. Allah(swt) blessings and favours. Ayah(1-4) Section 2. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and earth. Ayah(5-13) Section 3. The creation of humans and Jinns. Ayah(14-16) Section 4. Allah(swt) is the lord of the east and west. Ayah(17-18) Section 5. Allah(swt) created seas and Rivers. Ayah(19-25) Section 6. Allah (swt) is everliving. Ayah(26-28) Section 7. Allah(swt) is the sustainer. Ayah(29-30) Section 8. The warning and accountability of men & jinns . Ayah(31-36) Section 9. The punishment of the criminals on the D of J. Ayah (37-45) Section 10. The reward of the nearest to Allah. Ayah(46-61) Section 11. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah(62-78) Section-1 About Surah Ar-Rahman.

9. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgement. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take away message.

10. الرَّحْمَٰنُ عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَا نَ Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours. T he verses (1-4) refers to the special favours of Allah(swt) blessed upon mankind such as: 1)Revealing and teaching the Quran. 2) Creation of Mankind and the power of speech.

11. الرَّحْمَٰن 55:1) The Most Compassionate The word “ الرَّحْمَٰن ” comes from the root word[ رح م ]. The verse emphasizes the divine attribute of Allah is Ar-Rahman means the most gracious . The word [ Ar-Rahman ] appears 71 times in the Quran . Whenever Allah(swt) speaks of his throne, he uses the word [ Ar-Rahman ] only. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

12. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) Allah(swt) has used the word “ الرَّحْمَٰنُ ” in other Surahs قُلْ هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ آمَنَّا بِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا 67:29) Say: "He is the Compassionate: in Him we have believed, and in Him we have put our trust. جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِي وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ عِبَادَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَأْتِيًّا 19:61) They will be granted the Gardens of Eden which the Merciful has promised to His servants, even though they have not seen them, and His promise shall be fulfilled. يَا أَبَتِ لَا تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَانَ ۖ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ عَصِيًّا 19:44) O my father! Do not worship Shaitan: for Shaitan is disobedient to the Compassionate (Allah). Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

13. عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآن 55:2) taught the Quran, The word Al-Quran means which is recited over and over again . Allah(swt) taught Jibreel(a.s) and Jibreel (a.s) taught the P rophet(saw). Afterwards, the Prophet taught his companions , and the companions taught others. Allah ( Ar-Rahman) taught: The M ethod of recitation of the Quran. The Meaning of the Quran. The Manner in which we should act upon the Quran. Allah(swt) revealed it for the guidance of men and Jinns. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

14. Allah(swt) Taught The Quran: Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours. علم القران Allah(swt) Jabreel(a.s) Prophet(saw) Companions of Prophet Recitation of Quran Meaning of The Quran Acting Upon Quran

15. Point Of Reflection Allah bestowed the Quran on us as a favour. This highlights the importance of the Quran and that we should recite it in our spare time. We should also reflect and ponder on its meaning and apply it in our daily life. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

16. Allah(swt) Tells the Purpose of Creation خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ 55:3) created humanity, The word “ الْإِنْسَانَ ” comes from the root word “ nasiya ” which means forgetting and human being is forgetful by nature. Allah(swt) created man. The imparting Knowledge of the Quran is mentioned first and the creation of man later, because the fundamental object of man’s creation is to impart him the knowledge of Quran (a complete code of life and way to guidance). (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran): وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ 51:56) We have not created jinns and mankind except to worship Me. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

17. عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَان 55:4) ˹and˺ taught them speech. Al-Hassan said “eloquent speech ”. The verse refers to Allah(swt) teaching mankind how to speak eloquently. Allah (swt) taught mankind about the Quran prior to teaching him how to speak eloquently. This is because you cannot convey the message of Allah without having the ability to speak. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

18. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ 75:18) and when it is recited, to make you follow it. Section-2 Allah (swt) blessings and favours.

19. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgement. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take away message.

20. الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ وَالنَّجْمُ وَالشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَانَ وَالْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَالنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ الْأَكْمَامِ وَالْحَبُّ ذُو الْعَصْفِ وَالرَّيْحَانُ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. These verses (5-13) draw attention to the signs found in the heaven and the earth. Allah(swt) reminds m a n and jinn of his various blessings which are instrumental for their existence on the E arth.

21. الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ 55:5) The sun and the moon ˹travel˺ with precision. The sun and the moon are the two mighty creations of Allah(swt) and the source of heat and light on the earth. They are following the paths ordained for them and observing the limits set for them by the Almighty. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

22. (similarly in the other surah of the Quran) Allah(swt) Says About Sun And Moon لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ وَلَا اللَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ ۚ وَكُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ 36:40) Neither it is possible for the sun to overtake the moon, nor for the night to outstrip the day: each floats along in its own orbit. فَالِقُ الْإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ سَكَنًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَانًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ 6:96) He causes the daybreak from the dark. He makes the night for rest and makes the rising and setting of the sun and the moon for you to determine times ( days, weeks, months and years), these are the arrangements of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

23. وَالنَّجْمُ وَالشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ 55:6) The stars and the trees bow down ˹in submission˺ Mujahid, Al-Hassan and Qatadah said: An-Najm “ النَّجْمُ ” the star[the one that in the sky] The following ayah explains the verse (55:6) very well. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُومُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ 22:18) Do you not see how all who dwell in the heavens and the earth bow down in worship to Allah, including the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the animals. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

24. The stars of the heaven and the trees of the earth are all subject to Allah’s commands and are obedient to his law. They glorify their lord through their eternal submission. It calls upon man and jinn that they too must not be rebellious to their creator and should worship and bow down before him in full obedience. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

25. وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ 55:7) As for the sky, He raised it ˹high˺, and set the balance ˹of justice Allah(swt) has raised the heaven high. Allah(swt) has maintained a balance in the roof of the sky and also set firm mountains on the earth lest it should fall away with you to one side. Allah(swt) has established entire system of universe (sun moon, stars, sky and earth) with a great harmony and balance. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. رَفَعَهَا To Raise up

26. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. SUN MOON STAR SKY EARTH EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE OBEYS ALLAH The Human Being And Jinn should also obey Allah. INVITATION OF THE QURAN

27. The following three verses(7,8,9) present an important part of the Quranic teaching: justice, peace and harmony. وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ 55:7) And set the balance ˹of justice˺ أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ 55:8) so that you do not defraud the scales. وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَان 55:9) Weigh with justice, and do not give short measure. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

28. وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ The previous verse[55:7] can be understood by the following verse of the Quran . (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَ الْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْط 57:25) Surely We sent Our Rasools with clear signs, and sent down with them the Book and the Scales of Justice, so that men may conduct themselves with fairness. The word “ ميزان ” (balance) has been interpreted in the context of justice. These verses imply that the ultimate purpose of creating the heaven and earth was to establish justice, peace and harmony. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

29. أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا فِي الْمِيزَانِ The verse states that the reason for creating the scale is to establish fairness, maintain the balance and also not to practice injustice. وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِا لْقِسْطِ ……. The word “ لْقِسْط ” means justice. The verse means to observe the correct weight with fairness and justice. The following ayah explains it very well. وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ 26:182) Weigh with even scales. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

30. …… وَلَا تُ خْسِرُ وا الْمِيزَان 9. The word “ خْسِر ” means to cheat. The verse implies that don’t cheat in weight and measure, but rather observe justice and fairness. Almighty greatly cherishes justice, fairness and balance and doesn’t approve anything contrary to it in the world he created. He wants that man too in his circle of authority should give due regard to justice, fairness and equity. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

31. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. Justice Fairness Equity The Purpose Of The Creation Of Heaven And Earth To Establish The Following و أَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ Establish Weight in Justice. Weigh and measure with full honesty وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَان Not Weightless Do not Cheat in weigh & Measure THROUGH ALLAH’S INSTRUCTIONS

32. Signs on Earth: وَالْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَام 55:10) He laid out the earth for all beings. Allah(swt) has spread out the earth and balanced it with firm mountains, so that it would be stable for its residents (all creatures). Allah(swt) made and prepared this earth in such a way a that it became a perfect and a suitable place for all life forms. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. لِلْأَنَام Creatures وَضَعَ Laid Down

33. فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَالنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ الْأَكْمَامِ 55:11) In it are fruit, palm trees with date stalks. فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ…….. There are fruits of various color, taste and scent. Allah(swt) has made an adequate arrangement of provisions for man, jinn, animal and other living creature on the earth. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

34. وَالنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ الْأَكْمَامِ…….. The word “ الْأَكْمَامِ ” is a plural of “ كم ” and it refer to the cover that surrounds and protects dates and other fruits. Allah(swt) has elaborately packed each and every fruit in an amazing manner. Allah(swt) has mentioned the date tree here specifically because it can be used either fresh or dry. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

35. وَالْحَبُّ ذُو الْعَصْفِ وَالرَّيْحَانُ 55:12) and grain with husks, and aromatic plants. The word “ حَبُّ ” means grains for example: wheat, rice and lentil. The word “ الْعَصْف ” is the outer cover of some types of grain like rice and wheat (husk). Grain is for human consumption and the husk is for animals . Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

36. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:13) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you ˹humans and jinn˺ both deny?  Siddique Hasan Khan (rta) has done a very unique analysis on the repetition of the verse “ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَان ِ ” which occurs 31 times in this surah. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

37. The first 8 repetition The next 7 repetition The next 8 repetition The next 8 repetition Allah’s blessing and favours on Earth . Warning of Allah’s punishment In hell. Follow a description of the highest level of paradise near to Allah. Come after Allah describes the lower levels of paradise. 8 favours of Allah Because hell has 7 doors. The paradise has 8 doors The paradise has 8 doors Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

38. Analysis His analysis of the above is as follows: W hoever acknowledge the 8 favours of Allah will be saved from the next 7 doors of hell. These people will enter the lower level of paradise through 8 doors. To get to the higher-level of paradise, these people will go through another set of 8 doors. This ayah is repeated a total of 31 times. Section-3 Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth.

39. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take away message.

40. خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ وَخَلَقَ الْجَانَّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-4 The creation of humans and jinns.. The Verse (14-16) refers to the Source of creation of Human and the Jinn.

41. Creation of Human: خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ 55:14) He created humankind from ˹sounding˺ clay like pottery, The word “ الْإِنْسَانَ ” in this context refers unanimously to the first man [Adam(a.s)]. Allah mentions that he created mankind from clay, like that used in pottery. After the creation of Adam(a.s), his offspring is created from a drop of sperm. All the phases of human life are referred to in the Quran. Section-4 The creation of humans and jinns.. صَلْصَالٍ Clay خَلَقَ He created كَالْفَخَّار Like the pottery

42. Creation of Jinn وَخَلَقَ الْجَانَّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ 55:15) and created jinn from a ˹smokeless˺ flame of fire. The jinns were created from a fire free of smoke. They are invisible to human beings. They adopt different shapes and move very fast. Section-4 The creation of humans and jinns.. مَارِجٍ A smokeless flame الْجَانَّ The Jinn نَارٍ fire مِنْ of

43. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) Allah(swt) Says About Jinn يَا بَنِي آدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ كَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْآتِهِمَا ۗ إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ 7:27) O children of Adam! Let not Shaitan seduce you in the same manner as he seduced your parents out of paradise through stripping them of their clothing in order to expose their nakedness. He and his tribe watch you from where you cannot see them . We have permitted the shaitans to be the guardians over the unbelievers. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:16) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-4 The creation of humans and jinns..

44. The stages of the creation of the first man Adam(a.s) ارض حمامسنون صلصال كالفخار وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ  (21:30) خَلَقَكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ (18:37) إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُمْ مِنْ طِينٍ لَازِبٍ (37:11) خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ (55:14) إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ (15:28) Allah has Produced you from the earth (Earthy Material) Allah created everything from water (1)(Water) Primary source He who created you from the dust (dry sand) 2)(Dry sand) Primary source Allah says we created men from sticky clay 3(sticky clay=water+Sand) He Created man from clay like that of pottery 4 (dry clay used by potter) I created a human being out of dark and hard clay 5(Baked clay from furnace) Earth Water Dry Sand Sticky Clay Dark And Hard Clay ماء تراب طين لازب Dry Clay وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا (71:17) هُوَ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ (11:61)

45. Analysis: The Primary source is water and dry sand[earthy material]. Allah(swt) m oulded this into the shape of a human a nd then b reathed spirit into it. The progeny of Adam(a.s) has been created by a drop of sperm. Section-4 The creation of humans and jinns..

46. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

47. رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-5 Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west.

48. Allah(swt) is the lord of earth and west: رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ 55:17) ˹He is˺ Lord of the two easts and the two wests. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:18) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? The two easts and two wests symbolize the rising and setting of the sun. Allah(swt) controls the entire universe, is the master of the east and west, and has established the rising and setting of the sun on earth. Every point of sunrise is also a sunset for the people living on the opposite side of the globe and every sunset is a sunrise for the people living on the opposite side of globe. Section-5 Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west.

49. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

50. مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لَا يَبْغِيَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا اللُّؤْلُؤُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. The verses(19-23) point to Allah’s (swt) favours such as the seas and rivers, and the benefits derived from them.

51. مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ 55:19) He merges the two bodies of ˹fresh and salt˺ water. بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لَا يَبْغِيَانِ 55:20) yet between them is a barrier they never cross فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:21) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. الْبَحْرَيْن Two seas مَرَجَ Let loose بَرْزَخٌ barrier يَبْغِيَان Meeting together

52. The “two seas” referred to in the ayah are the sweet and salt waters. Salt water come from the sea . Sweet water come from the river . The ayah(25:53) below explains the above ayah in a befitting manner. (similarly in the other surah of the Quran) وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا 25:53) He is the One Who has made the two seas rolling, the one sweet and fresh, the other salt and bitter, and set a rampart between them, an insurmountable barrier. وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزًا 27:61) and placed a barrier between the two seas. Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers.

53. The barrier between the two types of waters (I.e between seas and rivers) is the vast land that separates the seas from the rivers. This prevents the mixing of these two waters. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:21) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers.

54. Pearl and coral for Adornment يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا اللُّؤْلُؤُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ 55:22) Out of both ˹waters˺ come forth pearls and coral. Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. مَرْجَان coral اللُّؤْلُؤ pearl مِنْهُمَا From both water

55. There are benefits for mankind from these two types of waters. The pearl and coral used for adornment come out of seas and rivers. Freshwater pearls are found in rivers and lakes. Salty water pearls are found in ocean and seas. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:23) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers.

56. Sailing Ship وَلَهُ الْجَوَارِ الْمُنْشَآتُ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلَامِ 55:24) To Him belong the ships with raised sails, sailing through the seas like mountains. Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. الْمُنْشَآتُ Constructed الْجَوَارِ Ships لْأَعْلَامِ Mountains

57. Qatadah(rta) Said: “Al-munsha’at” means created. Allah(swt) reminds us that he favoured us with the Knowledge of building ships that cross oceans and sail on the surface of surging waters. These ships are as visible as mountains when they are in the ocean. It transports heavy cargo from one continent to another. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:25) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-6 Allah(swt) created seas and rivers.

58. Section-5 Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah’s Favour Sea Rivers Salt Water Sweet Water Benefit for Mankind Pearls Coral Ships Fish

59. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

60. كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer. The verses (26-28) refers to Allah being Immortal(remain forever) and others being mortal

61. كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ 55:26) Every being on earth is bound to perish. وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ 55:27) Only your Lord Himself, full of Majesty and Honour, will remain ˹forever˺. Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer. يَبْقَىٰ will remain فَان perish وَجْهُ Face

62. The verses indicate that God Alone is immortal. Allah(swt) states that whosoever on earth will perish. It means that death is a reality and that every single living creature (including man and jinn) will taste death. Only Allah(swt)’s honorable face will remain forever. ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ [The owner of greatness and pride]. Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer.

63. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُ َ 28:88) Everything is perishable except Him. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:28) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer.

64. يَسْأَلُهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ 55:29) All those in the heavens and the earth are dependent on Him. Day in and day out He has something to bring about. يَسْأَلُهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ……. The verse signifies that all creatures seek help from Allah, regardless of condition or situation. The ayah mentions that “he is the sustainer” - this is another attribute of Allah. He is the one who gives what everyone needs. Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer.

65. كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِي شَأْنٍ…… Al-A’mash reported from Mujahid, from ubayd bin Umayr Every day he (Allah) is engaged in some affair. Al-A'mash said that . a) He answers the supplic ant. b) gives to the one requesting. c) removes adversi ty . d) curse one seeking to be cured. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:30) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-7 Allah is immortal and sustainer.

66. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take away message.

67. سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَ الثَّقَلَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَانْفُذُوا ۚ لَا تَنْفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌ مِنْ نَارٍ وَنُحَاسٌ فَلَا تَنْتَصِرَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-8 The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The verses (31-36) warn mankind and the Jinn about Allah’s accountability on the day of Judgement.

68. سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَ الثَّقَلَان 55:31) We will soon attend to you ˹for judgment˺, O  two multitudes ˹of jinn and humans˺! Ibn Jurayj said that the ayah سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ means “ we shall judge you” The word “ أَيُّهَ الثَّقَلَان ” refers to humans and jinns. The verse is directed to the disbelievers of men and jinn and they are being warned about the accountability on the day of judgement. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَان 55:32) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-8 The warning and accountability of men & Jinns.

69. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَانْفُذُوا ۚ لَا تَنْفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ 55:33) O assembly of jinn and humans! If you can penetrate beyond the realms of the heavens and the earth, then do so. ˹But˺ you cannot do that without ˹Our˺ authority. Section-8 The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. أَقْطَارِ Zones تَنْفُذُوا Pass beyond لَا تَنْفُذُونَ No pass بِسُلْطَانٍ By authority

70. Allah(swt) challenges the jinn and man! If you are able to pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, then pass beyond them. But you can't do that because you will be surrounded by the angels in every direction and none of the creatures will be able to escape on that day except those with the permission of Allah. “ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ ”. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:34) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-8 The warning and accountability of men & Jinns.

71. يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌ مِنْ نَارٍ وَنُحَاسٌ فَلَا تَنْتَصِرَانِ 55:35) Flames of fire and ˹molten˺ copper will be sent against you, and you will not be able to defend one another. These two things (Fire and the m olten copper), one after the other, will be let loose upon the men and jinn when they try to escape the accountability of Allah. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:36) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-8 The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. شُوَاظٌ مِنْ نَارٍ Flame of fire نُحَاس Smoke

72. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

73. فَإِذَا انْشَقَّتِ السَّمَاءُ فَكَانَتْ وَرْدَةً كَالدِّهَانِ 55:37) ˹How horrible will it be˺ when the heavens will split apart, becoming rose-red like ˹burnt˺ oil! The verse refers to the extent of the horror of the day of judgement when the sky will split apart and its blue roof will appear like burnt oil. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. انْشَقَّتِ Split كَالدِّهَانِ Like dark oil وَرْدَةً Rose red

74. (similarly in the other surah of the Quran) Allah says about sky إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ 84:1) When heaven will split asunder. وَانْشَقَّتِ السَّمَاءُ فَهِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَاهِيَةٌ 69:16) heaven shall split asunder, and the day shall seem flimsy. وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَاءُ بِالْغَمَامِ وَنُزِّلَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ تَنْزِيلًا 25:25) On that Day when the heavens shall burst asunder with clouds and the angels will be sent down ranks after ranks. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَان 55:38) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment.

75. فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يُسْأَلُ عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ إِنْسٌ وَلَا جَانٌّ 55:39) On that Day there will be no need for any human or jinn to be asked about their sins. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. لَا يُسْأَلُ Will not be asked ذَنْبِهِ His sin عَنْ About إِنْس Any man وَلَا And not جَانٌّ Any jinn

76. There will be various stages of the court of judgment. They will be questioned at some times and they will not be questioned at other times on the day of judgment. Qatadah(rta) says that the previous verse refers to a stage after disbeliever have been questioned about their sins, but they will have refused under oath. Then their mouth and tongue will be sealed and their hands and feet will be asked to bear witness at that stage and no more question will be asked from them. This event will take place when people will have been given account of their deeds, and judgment will have been passed against the criminal to go to hell on the day of judgment. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment.

77. (Similarly in the other surah of the Quran) Allah(swt) says about Man’s Condition on that day هَٰذَا يَوْمُ لَا يَنْطِقُونَ 77:35) On that Day, they shall not be able to speak, وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُون 77:36) nor be given permission to offer their excuses. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:40) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment.

78. يُعْرَفُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَاهُمْ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِالنَّوَاصِي وَالْأَقْدَامِ 55:41) The wicked will be recognized by their appearance, then will be seized by ˹their˺ forelocks and feet. يُعْرَفُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَاهُمْ…….. The title of the disbeliever chosen is “مجرم ” which means criminal . T his is because he has committed the greatest crime - which is the crime against Allah. No evidence will be needed to convict a criminal as they will be recognized by their marks. Al Hassan and Qatadah(rta) said: “They will be known by their dark faces and blue eyes ”. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. الْمُجْرِمُونَ The criminal بِسِيمَاهُمْ By their mark

79. ……. فَيُؤْخَذُ بِالنَّوَاصِي وَالْأَقْدَامِ 41 . The verses implies that: The angels of punishment will bend their heads down to their feet and throw them into the hellfire. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:42) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. بِالنَّوَاصِي Forehead الْأَقْدَام Feet

80. هَٰذِهِ جَهَنَّمُ الَّتِي يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ 55:43) ˹They will be told,˺ “This is the Hell which the wicked denied.” يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ آنٍ 55:44) They will alternate between its flames and scalding water. The verses(43-44) depict the extreme punishment handed out to the criminals in Hell. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment.

81. هَٰذِهِ جَهَنَّمُ الَّتِي يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ The verse is in response to the mockery of the disbelievers, who denied the existence of the hell. Allah(swt) answers them in a similar sarcastic way: “This is hell, now you see it, before your eyes, do you still deny it.” This implies what Allah says: “had you believed in it, you would not be here.” Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. يُكَذِّبُ Deny الْمُجْرِمُونَ The criminals

82. (similarly in the other surah of the Quran) هَٰذِهِ جَهَنَّمُ الَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ 36:63) This is hell, of which you were repeatedly warned. يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ آنٍ Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. يَطُوفُونَ They will go around آنٍ Hot حَمِيمٍ Boiling water

83. The criminal will be running back and forth between fire and water. This punishment is reserved for those who outright rejected Allah and his messenger. The sinners of Muslims (those who believe in Allah and his messenger) shall be spared from the sight and sound of hell. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:45) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny?  Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment.

84. Section-9 The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. ANGEL WILL RECOGNIZE CULPRITS FROM THEIR DARK FACES AND BLUE EYES THE CRIMINAL WILL BE TOLD BEFORE THROWING INTO HELL THAT THIS IS WHAT YOU DENIED AND NOW YOU SEE Bend head down to the feet and throw them into the hell Fire Boiling Water PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIMINALS

85. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

86. وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ ذَوَاتَا أَفْنَانٍ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِمَا مِنْ كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ زَوْجَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍ بَطَائِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ ۚ وَجَنَى الْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِنَّ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرْفِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

87. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ كَأَنَّهُنَّ الْيَاقُوتُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ هَلْ جَزَاءُ الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسَانُ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers The verses(46-61) mention the details of the reward for the foremost in faith(the near ones to God) “ المقربون ” will receive in the hereafter.

88. And the subsequent verses (62-78) portray the details of the reward the “people of right hand” “ أصحاب اليمين ”. The difference of status between both these groups is mentioned in the next surah: Surah Al-Waqiah which forms a pair with surah Ar Rahman. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

89. Two Gardens: وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ 55:46) And whoever is in awe of standing before their Lord will have two Gardens. مَقَام Standing خَافَ Fear Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

90. The verses speak of two gardens that are exclusively reserved for those who are fearful of having to stand before their lord. This is the characteristic of the righteous believers who are concerned at all times about the accountability on the day of judgment. As a result, they stay away from all sorts of sins under any circumstance. They don’t follow their whims and fancies and follow Allah’s order. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

91. (Similarly In the other surah of the Quran) Allah(swt) says about who fear Allah وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ 79:40) But he who had feared standing before his Rabb and curbed his evil desires. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:47) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

92. Trees With Extended Branches: ذَوَاتَا أَفْنَان 55:48) ˹Both will be˺ with lush branches. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:49) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? أَفْنَان Extending branches ذَوَاتَا Gardens having Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

93. The verse describes the first two gardens. There will be plenty of trees and each tree will have branches in abundance. Their shade will be dense and fruits will be plenty. This is the expression of the luxuriance and lushness of the two gardens. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:49) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

94. Flowing Springs: فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ 55:50) In each ˹Garden˺ will be two flowing springs. In both gardens, there will be two springs flowing free for the trees that produce all kinds of fruits. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:51) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers أَفْنَان Flowing ذَوَاتَا Two springs فِيهِمَا In both of them

95. All kinds of fruits: فِيهِمَا مِنْ كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ زَوْجَانِ 55:52) In each will be two types of every fruit. The word “ كُلِّ فَاكِهَةٍ ” means all fruits will be of two types. The two kinds of fruits are those they are familiar with, and others they have not seen before. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:53) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers زَوْجَانِ Two Kinds فَاكِهَةٍ Fruits

96. Sitting on Couches: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍ بَطَائِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ ۚ وَجَنَى الْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَانٍ 55:54) Those ˹believers˺ will recline on furnishings lined with rich brocade. And the fruit of both Gardens will hang within reach. مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ فُرُشٍ بَطَائِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ…… These companions of paradise will recline against cushions on couches lined with thick silk brocade on the inside . One can only imagine the outer lining of the cushions which are internally lined with thick silk brocade. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers إِسْتَبْرَقٍ Brocade مُتَّكِئِينَ Reclining فُرُشٍ Couches بَطَائِنُهَا Inner Linings مِنْ Are of

97. ……. وَجَنَى الْجَنَّتَيْنِ دَان 54. The fruits of two gardens will be near at hand. The resident of paradise don’t need to stand up to pluck the fruits, whenever they wish to eat, it swings toward them. They can eat in reclining condition or otherwise. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers جَنَى The fruit الْجَنَّتَيْنِ Of both gardens دَان Near

98. (Similarly in the other Surah of the Quran) Allah says about the Fruits قُطُوفُهَا دَانِيَةٌ 69:23) with clusters of fruit within his reach. وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًا 76:14) The trees of paradise will spread their shade around them, and their fruits will hang in clusters within their easy reach. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:55) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

99. Beautiful Women فِيهِنَّ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرْفِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ 55:56) In both ˹Gardens˺ will be maidens of modest gaze, who no human or jinn has ever touched before. فِيهِنَّ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرْفِ……… Allah (swt) while making mention of the women of paradise, has praised their modesty and chastity over their beauty and physical charms. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers فِيهِنَّ In Them قَاصِرَاتُ Restraining glance الطَّرْفِ Wives their

100. ……… لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ 56. They are delightful virgins who never had intimacy with anyone else - including any human or jinn. The verse indicate that the righteous jinn will also enter paradise like the righteous man. In paradise there will be women of both the jinn and human species; they all will be modest and virgin. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَان 55:57) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

101. كَأَنَّهُنَّ الْيَاقُوتُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ 55:58) Those ˹maidens˺ will be ˹as elegant˺ as rubies and coral. Mujahid,Al-Hassan, Ibn Ziad said “They are as pure as rubies and white as “ مَرْجَان ”. So here they described “ مَرْجَان ”as pearl. The comparison of the women of paradise with rubies and coral is to emphasize their beauty and chastity. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:59) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers كَأَنَّهُنَّ As if they are يَاقُوتُ Rubles مَرْجَان Cora or pearl

102. هَلْ جَزَاءُ الْإِحْسَانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسَانُ 55:60) Is there any reward for goodness except goodness? The word إ ِحْسَان is used for piety (goodness) and for the reward of goodness. What else should be the reward for performing good deed in this life except blessing and favours (goodness) in the life hereafter? Allah(swt) declares that in the hereafter all the blessings, favours and bounties are reserved for those who do good deeds in this life. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

103. (Similarly in the other Surah of the Quran) Allah says About Reward لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا الْحُسْنَىٰ وَزِيَادَةٌ ۖ 10:26) Those who do good deeds shall have a good reward and even more than they deserve! فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:61) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers

104. Section-10 The Reward of the foremost Believers REWARD OF THE FOREMOST BELIEVERS Extended branches Two springs Flowing Two kinds of every fruit Gold Crusted Couches Virgins modest like pearl and rubles Trees Flowing Springs Fruits Couches Maiden Two Garden

105. Jannat Al-Firdaws . [the gardens of paradise] { Surah الكهف 18:107 } Jannatun-Na’eem . [The gardens of pleasure] { Surah يونس 10:9 } Jannat Adn . [The gardens of perpetual residence] { Surah التوبة 9:72 } Jannatul-Khuld . [The garden of eternity] { Surah الفرقان 25:15 } Dar-us-salam . [The Home of peace] { Surah الفلم 6:127 } Dar-ul-Muttaqeen . [The Home of righteous ] { Surah النخل 16:30 } Dar-ul- Muqawamah . [The Home of duration ] { Surah فاطر 35:35 } Dar-ul-Qaraar . [The Home of permanent settlement ] { Surah غافر 40:39 } Al-Husnaa . [The best reward] { Surah يونس 10:26 } Al-Ghurfah . [The chamber] { Surah الفرقان 25:75 } Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. Names of Paradise in the Quran

106. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

107. وَمِنْ دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ مُدْهَامَّتَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَانِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِمَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

108. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ حُورٌ مَقْصُورَاتٌ فِي الْخِيَامِ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

109. The verses(62-78) mention the reward that the “people of right hand” will receive in the hereafter. Hadith States that: “ There are two gardens made of Gold, their vessels and all they contain and there are two gardens made of silver, their vessel and all they contain.” The first two gardens are for the “ المقربون ” near believers. And the latter two gardens are for those on the right “ أصحاب اليمين ”. Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

110. Two Gardens: وَمِنْ دُونِهِمَا جَنَّتَانِ 55:62) And below these two ˹Gardens˺ will be two others. The verse implies that: And below these two, there are two other gardens, which are reserved for the people of right (who are lesser in rank than المقربون ) There are several proofs that the two gardens reserved for the“ المقربون ” - those close to Allah - are better than the gardens for the “people of the right hand”. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:63) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

111. مُدْهَامَّتَانِ 55:64) Both will be dark green. This is the smallest verse that is a full sentence in the Quran. The verse implies that the two gardens have become dark green because of extensive water irrigation. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:65) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. مُدْهَامَّتَانِ Dark Green

112. Two Gushing Springs فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ نَضَّاخَتَان 55:66) "In each will be two gushing springs. The free flowing water is stronger than gushing springs. Sayyidna Bara Ibn Azib(rta) said: “ The two springs that are flowing freely “ تجريان ” in the first two gardens for al-muqarrabin, are better than the two other springs that are mentioned as gushing forth “ نَضَّاخَتَان ” in the second two gardens.” فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:67) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. نَضَّاخَتَان Gushing forth فِيهِمَا In both of them عَيْنَانِ Two springs

113. Fruits فِيهِمَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ 55:68) In both will be fruit, palm trees, and pomegranates The verse highlights two specific kinds of fruits: date-palm and pomegranate. “ نَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ ” Both these are cherished fruits of Arabia. They will only have one kind of fruit unlike the Muqarrabeen . There is limited options for the people of right hand, compared to the foremost believers, who will have different varieties and species. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَان 55:69) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. رُمَّان Pomegranates فَاكِهَةٌ Fruits نَخْلٌ Date-palms

114. Women of paradise: فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ 55:70) In all Gardens will be noble, pleasant mates. Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. حِسَانٌ Beautiful فِيهِنَّ In each of them خَيْرَاتٌ Chaste

115. The word “ فِيهِنَّ ” is used again instead of “ فيهما ” because of its connotation of privacy. Al-Huris are righteous, well mannered and beautiful women. There is Hadith saying that Al-Hur Al-Ayn will sing, نحن الخيرات الحسان خلقنا لأزواج كرام “We are all Al-Khayrat Al-Hisan, w e were created for honorable husbands.” فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:71) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

116. حُورٌ مَقْصُورَاتٌ فِي الْخِيَامِ 55:72) ˹They will be˺ maidens with gorgeous eyes, reserved in pavilions. Living in tents was something very cherished in Arabia. These Huris have been kept aside into “Khiyaam” i.e tents. The expression has a special tinge of Arab taste in it. Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. الْخِيَامِ Tents حُورٌ Fair Ones مَقْصُورَاتٌ guarded

117. Al-Bukhari recorded that Abdullah Bin says Said that the Messenger Allah said: verily in paradise, the believer will have a tent from a hollow pearl, the width thereof is sixty miles. In each corner of it there are wives for the believer that do not see the other wives, and the believers will visit them all. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:73) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

118. لَمْ يَطْمِثْهُنَّ إِنْسٌ قَبْلَهُمْ وَلَا جَانٌّ 55:74) No human or jinn has ever touched these ˹maidens˺ before. Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. قَبْلَهُمْ Before them يَطْمِثْهُنَّ Has touched them إِنْسٌ Any man لَمْ Not جَانٌّ Any Jinn

119. These Huris are delightful virgins, who never had intimacy with either man and jinn. This is a proof that believers among jinns will enter paradise. Arat bin Al-Mundhir said: “Damarah bin habib was asked if the jinns will enter paradise and he said: yes they will get married.” The jinns will have jinn women. And the human will have female human.” فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:75) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

120. مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَىٰ رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ 55:76) All ˹believers˺ will be reclining on green cushions and splendid carpets. They shall be reclining on green cushions and beautiful carpets. The word “ عَبْقَرِيٍّ ” is used for rare, expensive and beautiful carpets. فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ 55:77) Then which of your Lord’s favours will you both deny? Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. عَبْقَرِيٍّ Carpet رَفْرَفٍ Cushions خُضْرٍ Green مُتَّكِئِينَ Reclining حِسَانٍ Beautiful

121. Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand. Reward of the people of right hand Two Gardens Dates Pomegranate Two Springs Bubbling Dark Green Green Cushions Virgin and Beautiful Tree Gushing Springs Fruits Cushions Maiden

122. تَبَارَكَ اسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَام 55:78) Blessed is the Name of your Lord, full of Majesty and Honour. Allah states that he is worthy of being honored, obeyed, revered thus worshipped and remembered. The word “ جَلَالِ ” come from the root word ( ج ل ل ) it means might and honor . In this ayah Allah says your Rabb is ( ذِي الْجَلَالِ ) the owner of Majesty. The word “ الْإِكْرَام ” come from the root word ( ك ر م ) - it means generous , or one who gives abundantly. The word “ جَلَال ِ ” is used twice in the Quran both of them come in this surah as follows: وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَال ِ وَالْإِكْرَام (55:27) تَبَارَكَ اسْمُ رَبِّكَ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَام (55:78) Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

123. Hadith: Aisha(rta) said, recorded by Muslim, when the messenger of Allah would say the salam (completing prayer), he would sit as long as it takes him to say; اللهُمَّ أَنْتَ السَّلَامُ وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ، تَبَارَكْتَ ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ Section-11 The reward of the people of right hand.

124. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

125. Establish Justice and fairness on the Earth: وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَانَ We should strictly adhere to the system of justice and fairness the Quran is inviting us towards. We shouldn’t cheat in weight and measure. Death is a certainty and Allah is immortal: كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ Death is a certainty and Allah(swt) is immortal. The pang of death is a serious matter that everyone will have to go through it. Therefore we should prepare for it. Section-12 Ayah for Tadabbur.

126. Accountability of man and Jinn is certain: سَنَفْرُغُ لَكُمْ أَيُّهَ الثَّقَلَانِ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَانْفُذُوا ۚ لَا تَنْفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَانٍ Allah will call us to account on the day of judgment. No man or Jinn will be able to escape from the reckoning, therefore we must act now to be counted among those who will receive Allah’s blessing not his wrath. Punishment and reward is also certain. يُعْرَفُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَاهُمْ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِالنَّوَاصِي وَالْأَقْدَامِ The sinners will be recognize by their faces as they will have dark faces and blue eyes and they will be thrown into the hell (forehead bend down to feet). Section-12 Ayah for Tadabbur.

127. وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ We must fear Allah(swt) as he deserves to be feared, follow his commands, and avoid his prohibitions in order to earn Paradise. Section-12 Ayah for Tadabbur.

128. Table of Contents About Surah Ar-Rahman. Allah (swt) blessings and favours. Allah(swt) signs in the heaven and the earth. The creation of humans and jinns. Allah(swt) is the lord of east and west. Allah(swt) created seas and rivers. Allah is immortal and sustainer. The warning and accountability of men & Jinns. The punishment of criminals the day of judgment. The reward of the foremost believers. The reward of the people of right hand. Ayah for Tadabbur . Take Away message.

129. Showing Gratitude for the favours of Allah: We should be thankful to Allah(swt) for his favours and blessings that he has bestowed upon us (such as the sun, the moon, stars, Earth, food, water, fruits, grains, our creation and knowledge of expression). 2) Acknowledge the blessing of the Quran: We should be grateful to Allah for his great blessings I.e the Quran. Allah has taught us the Quran (a complete code of life and guidance to the right path). The demand of this blessing is to reflect, ponder and implement on its ayahs and to propagate its lofty message to others. Section-12 Take Away Message

130. 3) Trusting in Allah’s Promise: We should rely on Allah’s promises of paradise containing Trees, Springs, fruit, meat, wine, couches, beautiful maidens and noble environment. We should strive hard to attain the paradise of bliss, which will last forever. 4) Fearing Allah’s Accountability and punishment: We should make sincere efforts to be accountable and to protect ourselves and our family members from the eternal punishment of fire and boiling water. Section-12 Take Away Message

131. Works Cited All the narratives have been cited from the following:   1) Tafseer Ibn Katheer  2) Tafheem ul Quran  3) Maarif ul Quran  4) Tadabbur i Quran 5) www.alim.org (translation of Malik and Kattab). 6)Surah Ar-Rahman by Sheikh Abdul Haq Abdul Qadir(An Excellent Research).