Sustainability EDUCAZIONE CIVICA SCIENCE.pptx

a great presentation for a 5th high school class for sustainability.
Summary
An illustration of Planet Earth. The water is a light green and the land is a dark green.
To calculate your annual carbon footprint, you can work out how much greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere by the things you do everyday, and by the manufacture, transportation and use of the objects you use.
For example, you might not think that using a plastic pen contributes to your carbon footprint, but greenhouse gases will likely have been produced at every stage of its production. These are factored into your calculations.
As well as comparing our individual carbon footprints, we can also measure the difference between carbon footprints from different countries around the world. We can use these measurements to help reflect on where we might be able to make changes in our own lives.

Summary
An illustration of Planet Earth. The water is a light green and the land is a dark green.
To calculate your annual carbon footprint, you can work out how much greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere by the things you do everyday, and by the manufacture, transportation and use of the objects you use.
For example, you might not think that using a plastic pen contributes to your carbon footprint, but greenhouse gases will likely have been produced at every stage of its production. These are factored into your calculations.
As well as comparing our individual carbon footprints, we can also measure the difference between carbon footprints from different countries around the world. We can use these measurements to help reflect on where we might be able to make changes in our own lives.
Summary
An illustration of Planet Earth. The water is a light green and the land is a dark green.
To calculate your annual carbon footprint, you can work out how much greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere by the things you do everyday, and by the manufacture, transportation and use of the objects you use.
For example, you might not think that using a plastic pen contributes to your carbon footprint, but greenhouse gases will likely have been produced at every stage of its production. These are factored into your calculations.
As well as comparing our individual carbon footprints, we can also measure the difference between carbon footprints from different countries around the world. We can use these measurements to help reflect on where we might be able to make changes in our own lives.
Summary
An illustration of Planet Earth. The water is a light green and the land is a dark green.
To calculate your annual carbon footprint, you can work out how much greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere by the things you do everyday, and by the manufacture, transportation and use of the objects you use.
For example, you might not think that using a plastic pen contributes to your carbon footprint, but greenhouse gases will likely have been produced at every stage of its production. These are fact

1. PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS COAL ALL ABOUT ENERGY ENERGY SOURCES

2. What Are Energy Sources? Energy sources are materials that we can use to harness energy. This energy could be heat, movement or electricity.  Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy Some materials can be used once to provide energy but then cannot be used again.  Others can be reused over and over again, producing energy multiple times.

3. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are natural resources that are made up of the remains of animals and plants that died millions of years ago. These include: These fuels can then be burned to create energy but once they are gone, they are gone. Burning these fuels can also create carbon dioxide which contributes to climate change.  Click on each of the fossil fuels above to find out more about them. oil coal gas

4. Fossil Fuels The most exploited sources of energy are from some materials that have accumulated in the crust through geological processes of duration average of a few tens of millions of years. These processes still continue today, but the speed with where we exploit these resources is at a much higher pace than their formation. This makes them non-renewable energy resources, in way of exhaustion. In particular, fuels, fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) are formed by the accumulation of organic matter processed through biological processes. Serious environmental problems and impacts are related to the large-scale use of fossil fuels, whose combustion gives rise to harmful gases, in particular carbon dioxide.

5. Fossil Fuels - Oil Crude oil is a liquid fuel that is mined from oil wells. It can be separated in a refinery to make different types of fuel. These fuels are mainly used in vehicles. Oil is a flammable and dense liquid; found in deposits, in which infuses clusters of porous rocks located in the upper part of the earth's crust. It is made from a mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly liquids. The hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds which molecules contain only atoms of carbon and hydrogen. They are one of the most important sources of energy are prime for the petrochemical industry, which produces for example, artificial fibers and plastics. more

6. Cons: Fossil Fuels - Oil Oil can produce more energy per cubic meter than renewable sources - oil produces at least 45 billion joules per cubic meter compared to just 7 joules per cubic meter produced by wind.  As oil is separated, some parts can be used to create other materials, such as plastics or petroleum jelly.  Oil can be easier to transport than wind, water or solar power.  Lots of countries have invested in equipment to extract and purify oil so it is a readily available source of energy. Burning oil releases carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change.  Air pollution from burning oils can also negatively affect people’s health.  Oil levels will run out one day. As levels decrease, the price will increase.  Transporting oil can lead to oil spills. These spills can harm wildlife, especially sea creatures.  Pros:

7. Fossil Fuels - Coal Coal is a sedimentary rock that can be used to generate electricity by burning it. It is one of the largest sources of energy for electricity generation in the world. more

8. Cons: Pros: Fossil Fuels - Coal Coal can be safely transported as rocks to be burned by individuals as and when they need it, such as for fires or barbecues. It is fairly easy and inexpensive to turn coal into energy. There is a lot of coal found around the world, making it a reliable source of energy worldwide. Coal can be safely stored without any hazard of fire or explosions. Coal will eventually run out and it will become more expensive as it does so. Burning coal releases greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Mining for coal is a very dangerous job. Mining for coal also disrupts the surrounding area. It can affect the landscape, water supplies and the living things - including people - in the area.

9. Fossil Fuels - Gas Natural gas is a fossil fuel that forms from decayed plants, animals and microorganisms. Natural gas is commonly used for heating and cooking but can also be used as an alternative fuel for some vehicles. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons at room temperature; it consists mainly of methane. It is widely used as industrial and domestic fuel. Most often it is present in the highest part of the deposits of oil. more

10. Cons: Pros: Fossil Fuels - Gas Natural gas is the cleanest-burning fossil fuel. This means it produces the fewest by-products or harmful emissions.  It can be easy to transport. It is widely available so lots of people can use it.  Natural gas can be an effective source of energy. Burning natural gas still releases some emissions into the atmosphere.  The pipelines used to transport gas are not available everywhere and they can also impact some ecosystems.  It can cost a lot of money to transport gas safely.  It can be highly flammable!

11. Which are fossil fuels? B. OIL C. NATURAL GAS A. COAL B. OIL D. ALL ARE FOSSIL FUELS

12. Origins of Hydrocarbons The origin of hydrocarbons must be found in sediments in which they were buried, after their death, numerous microorganisms. We see how (Figure 1). more

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPAqfTNiais

14. Origins of Hydrocarbons * Organic remains settle on the seabed and they are buried by sediments. It is formed like this sapropel, a kind of dark mud rich in organic matter. * The rapid accumulation of new sediment prevents sapropel rot that occurs turns into kerogene , the component of the parent rock of oil. • With time, and under the weight of other rocks, the kerogene undergoes a series of transformations chemical reactions, which lead to the formation of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. * Hydrocarbons tend to "migrate", that is to leave the mother rock and move in kind upwards, through rocks pretty porous and permeable-like many sandstones - to let them filter (they are therefore called rocceserbatoio ). This upward movement is due to the low density of oil and gaseous hydrocarbons compared to water, which it generally occupies the pores of the rocks within which migration takes place. * Migration continues until the hydrocarbons meet rocks of nature different, waterproof, like clays, which they hinder her. If the waterproof rocks (called cover rocks) are laid so as to form a kind of dome, hydrocarbons are trapped: not being able to migrate more, they impregnate the rock reservoir filling all its tiny pores (like a liquid in a sponge) and a oilfield.

15. What is Kerogene ? B. OIL C. The most valuable component of oil A. Is solid, insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rocks B. A dark mud rich in organic material D. The Mixture of Crude hydrocarbons from which the oil is refined.

16. Oil Consumption https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPAqfTNiais more Oil consumption is constantly increasing and the ever-decreasing reserves: according to the current estimates the amount of world oil reserves would be of the order of 1500 billion barrels (1 barrel corresponds to 159 liters), while consumption is approaching 100 million barrels per day. Sources of "unconventional“ oil It is called unconventional oil that it can be obtained having not turned into parent rocks, these clays can be exploited by a chemical distillation process to produce "synthetic petroleum".

17. How many barrels of oil are consumed each day globally? B. OIL C. 1500 billion A. 100 million B. 159 billion D. 100 trillion

18. Hydraulic fracturing more The process of hydraulic fracturing Clay can also contain natural gas, imprisoned in the tiny pores of the rock. If you in depth, the extraction is carried out with the process of hydraulic fracturing (or fracking), that is, by entering into the reservoir high water pressure with chemical additives and sand, so as to produce in the rocks a dense network of cracks, long which the gas can rise to the surface (Figure 2). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3oc0nj1aHk THE USES OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZdvsQzOKuk