SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

what is sustainable development, threats to SD, How SD can be achieved?

1. PUC –I ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Unit VII SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? Lecture By: SRINIVAS GAJJELA Asst. Professor Dept. of Biosciences –RGUKT

2. Concepts to learn Concept of Sustainable Development Threats to Sustainable Development How can Sustainable Development be implemented? Sustainable Consumption and Development Policy Options (Water, Energy, Food) Low Carbon Life Styles

3. I. What is Sustainable Development ?

4. The path of development that we follow is all-inclusive & in harmony with environment of the Earth

5. Definition of Sustainable Development ? “The development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs ” – is called as SUSUTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. -- BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION Report 1987. The concept of sustainable development aims to maintain economic advancements and progress while protecting the long term value of the environment .

6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

7. Sustainable development – involves the efforts towards building an inclusive , sustainable and resilient* future for the people and the planet. (*Resilient = able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions). To achieve SD* (*sustainable development) – it is crucial to harmonize the 3 core elements: ECONOMIC GROWTH SOCIAL INCLUSION ENVIRONEMENTAL PROTECTION These 3 are interconnected & crucial for wellbeing of individuals & societies.

8. SD helps to eradicate poverty, to achieve it –we need : To create greater opportunities for all. To reduce inequalities. To raise basic standards of living Has to foster equitable social development. Integrated & sustainable management of natural resources & ecosystems. Inclusive & equitable economic growth .

9. Interaction between ecology, economy & social (community) development occurs.

10. II. Threats to Sustainable Development

11. Threats to Sustainable development The threats to SD – ECONOMIC DISPARITY SOCIAL INEQUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION The causes for un sustainability are : Increasing human population Over exploitation of resources to meet the human needs (like fuel, fodder and shelter). Over harvesting of Fishing , extensive agriculture practices , over use of Water, deforestation & industrialization.

12. Land clearing – leading to soil degradation, pollution, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, desertification, & climate change. Social degradation due to factors like increasing unemployment, health crisis, urbanization, poverty, and income inequalities.

13. III. How to achieve Sustainable Development ?

14. How can SD be implemented? The SD is an ALL INCLUSIVE GROWTH. It is pattern of development that involves all sections of community- the well off, the poor, men and women. SD is possible by implementing the following strategies: Preservation of biodiversity in terrestrial, fresh water & marine ecosystems. Sustainable use of resources & minimizing the depletion of resources. Caring for the environment. Improving the quality of life – social & economic

15. Conservation of natural capital – renewable & non renewable resources. Conservation of natural & cultural diversity Limits of natural resources utilization & assimilation of waste. Efficiency of resource utilization by all societies Social equity through poverty reduction & gender equity Reduction of POLLUTION- Green house gasses emission reduction, reduction in ozone depletes. Reduction in use of chemical fertilizers. STOP – DESERTIFICATION & DEFORESTATION.

16. The SD Goals(SDGs)- 17 Global goals set by UNO in 2015

17. SDGs

18. IV. Achieving Sustainable Consumption and Development

19. Sustainable consumption & production (SCP) At the WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DVELOPMENT (WSSD), The concept of sustainable consumption & production was recognized and adopted in Johannesburg, South Africa | 26 August - 4 September 2002. The WSSD gathered 21,340 participants from 191 governments , intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, the private sector, civil society, academia and the scientific community.   https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production/

20. Sustainable consumption and production (SCP) Sustainable consumption and production is about promoting resource and energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, and providing access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all.

21. As defined by the Oslo Symposium in 1994 , sustainable consumption and production (SCP) is about   "the use of services and related products, which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of further generations

22. The implementation of the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production. All countries take action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries . Eastern European countries , former Soviet union, China and India South East Asia , Latin America – are consumption class countries. Other poor communities or countries need to improve their consumption.

23. Sustainable consumption & development SD is concerned with Rate of consumption & use of natural resources . We should not consume the resources at the rate that it makes difficult for us to substitute or replace them. Ex : If we use cars – the new have to make sure that we use eco-friendly fuel & technology that minimizes air pollution . If we use ground water- our responsibility is to recharge it through techniques like rain water harvesting. SD is thus responsible development.

24. Sustainable consumption & development Exploitation pressure on natural resources – we already used over half of the available freshwater. By 2025- projected to three quarters. Water short people today – 550 million ; could soar to 3billion by 2025 . As fast growing consumption in relation to expanding population- causing degradation in the environment.

25. V. Policy changes to be made for Sustainable consumption

26. Policy options: we can increase resource use efficiency through Fewer material inputs Longer product life times Waste prevention. Efficiency enables sufficiency. Make use of energy resources efficiently and conservation. Sustainable consumption and production is – promoting the resource and energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, providing access to basic services and better quality of life.

27. Sustainable consumption and production implementation helps to achieve – overall development, reduce poverty, reduce future economic , environmental and social costs and strengthen economic competitiveness. It involves – Different stakeholders- businessmen, consumers, policy makers, researchers, scientists, media etc. engaging consumers through awareness.

28. Some facts : Each year 1/3 rd of food = 1.3 billion tones =$1 trillion is rotting(wasted) at bins of consumers, retailers, spoiling due to poor transportation & harvesting practices. If worldwide all people switched to energy efficient light bulbs, we can save US $ 120 billion annually. Global population may reach up to 9.6billion by 2050.= 3 planets could be required to provide natural resource if wee keep continue current lifestyles.

29. Water: Our Earth is covered with 70 % of water out of which, Less than 3% of world’s water is fresh(drinkable ); Of which 2.5% is frozen in Antarctica, arctic and Glaciers . i . e all people of this globe must use only 0.5% for all needs. Man is polluting water faster than nature can recycle and purify water in rivers and lakes . More than 1 Billion people do not have access to fresh water . Excessive use, pollution & waste of water causes global water stress. Water is free from nature, but to deliver it, the infrastructure we use is expensive.

30. Water @ Antarctica

31. Energy: Energy use in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) countries continues to grow another 35% by 2020. Commercial and residential energy is more after transport energy utilization In 2002,the motor vehicle stock in OECD was 550 million vehicles(75% are personal cars). Expecting 32 % increase by 2020 and 40% increase of air travel.

32. Energy… Household consumption of energy is 29%out of which 21 % resultant CO2 emissions . In India the motorized transport is increasing uniformly @ compound annual growth rate (CAGR)of 10.5% leading to high pressure on oil sectors. 1/5th of worlds energy consumption in 2013 was from Renewable

33. FOOD 1.3 billion tones of food – wasted /annum, 1 billion People – under nourished, Another 1 billion people hungry . 2 billion – overweight globally. Over consumption of food is detrimental to our health and the environment. World’s total energy consumption in food sector is 30% & accounts of 22% of total Green house gasses emissions. Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, over fishing, marine environment degradation – lessening the food supply/ production.

34. VI. Low Carbon Life Styles – A critical step for SD

35. LOW CARBON LIFE STYLES Over the last few decades, the increased emissions of CO2 have led to increased global temperatures – called Global Warming. If it continues the planet would have to face serious consequences. At the individual level, we contribute the emission of CO2 in almost every activity. Ex: Travelling by plane from HYD to CHENNAI cause more CO2 emissions than travel by bus. Eating dosa at home cause less emission than eating a pizza at restaurant. AC ‘s emit more than running a fan.

36. Every citizen has the RESPONSIBILITY of initiating measures to reduce the impact of his activities on the environment. Should strive for “LOW CARBON FOOT PRINT ” LOW CARBON LIFE SAVES ENERGY & REDUCES GREEN HOUSE GASSES

37. HOW TO ADOPT A LOW CARBON LIFE STYLE ? AT HOME : Switch to Energy Efficient devices 5***** rated refrigerators, air conditioners, geysers, fans etc . Replace incandescent bulbs with CFL & LED. Use of Renewable resources in place of non renewable Solar water heaters, solar photo voltaic energy,& solar inverters . Practice energy efficient measures- switch off lights, electrical appliances when not in use . Use geysers in quick succession & do not keep it on for long hours.

38. HOW TO ADOPT A LOW CARBON LIFE STYLE ? Vehicles : Minimize vehicle usage by walking or cycling Inflate (fill with air) tyres regularly for increased mileage. Regular maintenance of vehicle gives energy efficiency. Plan trips by car pooling(sharing) to reduce fuel consumption.

39. Switch to Ride cycle not motor cycle

40. HOW TO ADOPT A LOW CARBON LIFE STYLE ? In the kitchen : Use fresh, seasonal, locally produced, organic foods Cut down eating at restaurants, eat NO JUNK FOOD. Reduce food waste Use a pressure cooker to cook food Soak rice / pulses etc before cooking and keep lid while cooking. Avoid more meat and switch to more vegetables.

41. Buy locally grown food supports local farmers and cuts down fossil fuels used for transportation. Eat wisely Make most of seasonal foods

42. Water consumption: Harvest rain water. Conserve water by improved taps & faucets Capacity of flush tank to be reduced. Use Low shower while using water Stop leakages by Regular maintenance. Save water. Use safe water. Do not pollute water.

43. Summary Sustainable development is holistic development of economy, people and planet. Any imbalance in either of the three aspects can create unsustainable future. Economic disparity, Social inequality and Environmental degradation are the three main threats to sustainability. Sustainable development aims to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. They can be achieved by a global consensus of 17 goals set by United Nations in 2015 called as “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).”

44. Sustainable consumption ensures that we do not consume resources at a rate that makes it difficult for us to substitute or replace them. Achievement of sustainable consumption can be made possible by formulation of policies leading to increase of resource-use efficiency as “Efficiency enables sufficiency.” Such changes in the vital sectors of Water, Energy and Food are the need of the hour. Adopting a “Low Carbon Lifestyle” at an individual level can minimize the heavy toll of carbon footprint on the world. It also leads to resource-use efficiency or Sustainable consumption.

45. End of the chapter