Sustainable development & management

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT

2. Sustainable Development (SD) “ Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission “ Our common future” 1987

3. Dissecting (SD) “meeting the needs”, “the present” “compromise” “ability of future generations” “ meet their own needs”

4. Different Views About SD Robert Repetto “The core idea of sustainability is that current decisions should not impair the prospects for maintaining or improving future living standards. This implies that our economic system should be managed so we can live off the dividends of our resources”. Mohan Munasinghe SD is an approach that will permit continuing improvements in the quality of life with a lower intensity of resource use, thereby leaving behind for future generations an undiminished or even enhanced stock of natural resources and other assets.

5. HISTORY OF SD The concept of SD has been rooted in distant pasts. It is evident from the works of Thomas Malthus on the dangers of population growth in the late 1700s. The concern began with the 1974 UN Cocoyoc Declaration, which addressed the use of natural resources in sustainable way.

6. In 1982,UN established the World Commission on Environment & Development (WCED) headed by Gro Harlem Brundtland , known as Brundtland Commission. They published their report ‘Our Common Future’ in 1987,which got the worldwide attention on Sustainable Development. More recently the UN sponsored United Nations Conference on Environment & Development (UNCED) in 1992 in Rio de Janerio .The conference delegates approved 5 agreements designed to foster the diff. Aspects of sustainability. HISTORY OF SD

7. 5 Agreements Agenda 21 The Rio declaration on Environment & development The statement of principles on forests The framework convention on Climate Change The convention of biological diversity

8. Nine ways to achieve sustainability 1. Leave everything in pristine state, or return it to pristine state 2. Develop so as to not overwhelm carrying capacity of the system 3. Sustainability will take care of itself as economic growth proceeds (Kuznets) 4. Polluter and victim can arrive at an efficient solution by themselves (Coase) 5. Let the market take care of it!

9. Nine ways to achieve sustainability 6. Internalize externalities 7. Reinvest rents for nonrenewable resources 8. Let the national economic accounting systems reflect defensive expenditures 9. Leave for future generations the options or the capacity to be as well off as we are

10. Commission for Sustainable Development & Management Was established by the UN General Assembly to monitor and facilitate efforts to implement the diverse goals of the earth summit – in particular agenda 21. Supposed to promote dialog and encourage partnerships among governments, UN agencies and the NGO community. Lacks both power to make binding resolutions and its own financial resources to fund programs. Reports directly to ECOSOC

11. CSD - functions Provides a forum for the discussion of a wide range of subjects related to SD. Supposed to strengthen the participation of groups such as NGO’s indigenous peoples, local governments, workers women and the young. Monitors progress made by industrial and developing countries towards SD and implementing Agenda 21. Protocol for reporting has been agreed upon – and at least.. 137 countries have submitted reports. Have encouraging organizational developments but little has been done to implement key provisions agreed upon at the Earth Summit => But keep in mind – the CSD lacks powers to do anything about it.

12. 3 KEY ELEMENTS of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

13. Environmental Sustainability Environment sustainability involves decision making and taking actions to protect the natural world, by focusing on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life. Biodiversity Materials Energy Biophysical interactions

14. Economic Sustainability The use of various strategies for employing existing resources optimally so that a responsible & beneficial balance can be achieved over the longer term . Money & capital Employment Technological growth Investment

15. Socio-political Sustainability The ability of a community to develop processes & structures which not only meet the needs of its current members but also support the ability of future generations to maintain a healthy community. Human density Equity Quality of life Institutional structures Political structures

16. 3 E’s Model of Sustainability

17. Depletion of finite resources – (fuels, soil, minerals, species) Over use of renewable resource - (forests, fishes, wildlife, public funds) Pollution ( air , water, soil ) Inequality- (economy ,political ,social ,gender) Species loss : (endangered species) (WCED,1987) Sustainable Development : Problems

18. The three core drivers of un-sustainability Consumption Use of resources beyond the reasonable limits set by nature Production Gross inefficiencies in production. Distribution Inequitable distribution e.g. distribution of global income between rich and poor

19. Most environmental degradation is done by the poor Poverty reduction leads to environmental degradation Population growth necessarily leads to env . degradation The poor are too poor to invest in env . Poor people lack technical knowledge for resource management How Inequitable distribution of Income Causes U n-sustainability

20. Sustainable Development : Solutions Cyclical material use(3R’s) Safe reliable energy Life based interests: health , creativity, communications intellectual &spiritual development

21. Ecological Controls Of SD According to the Brundtland Report, SD program have come to be distinguished as promoting either weak or strong. WEAK SD Key concept- Economic Sustainability Cost/benefit analysis Consideration of financial costs Used to evaluate ‘trade off’ STRONG SD Key concept- Ecological sustainabilty No consideration of financial costs

22. Gardner(2006) suggests 3 basic criteria for maintenance of natural capital and ecological sustainability. For renewable resources, rate of harvest mustn’t be more than rate of regeneration :- Sustainable Yield . The rate of waste generation shouldn’t cross the assimilative capacity of the environment :- Sustainable Waste Disposal The depletion of non-renewable resources should require comparable development of renewable Substitutes for that resources.

23. Genuine human program: - Genuine progress indicator (+) - Happy Planet Index(+) - Well being index (+) Renewable energy platform: - Carbon foot print(-) - Energy intensity(-) Social equity: - access to improved water and sanitation(+) Protect and restore natural capital: - Ecological footprint (-) Economic localization: - Miles to market (-) (Source: Talberth,j . 2008) Economic indicators to be responsive to progress in SD