Sustainable Development Indicators

Class of the course of Development and Sustainability, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), October 2021. Video recording: https://youtu.be/WVP1J_fxOrI

1. Development and
Sustainability
SustainableDevelopment
Indicators
Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos
Thais Tartalhado Nascimento Lombardi
São Bernardo do Campo -SP
October 2021

2. Content
Sustainable development indicators
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Alternative indexes
•Living planet index
•Planetary boundaries
•Environmental Performance Index
•Ecological footprint

3. BellagioPrinciples
1.Guiding vision and goals
2.Holistic perspective
3.Essential elements (current and future inequality,
resource use, over-consumption and poverty, human
rights, access to services, ecological conditions,
economic development and non -market activities that
contribute to well-being)
4.Adequate scope (time, space, links with past and
future)
5.Practical focus (links indicators to objectives, limited
number of questions and indicators, standardization)
6.Open and accessible
7.Effective communication
8.Broad participation
9.Ongoing assessment
10.Institutional capacity
SustainabilityIndicators
HARDI, Peter; ZDAN, Terrence. Assessing sustainable development: principles in practice. International Institute for
Sustainable Development. 1997.

4. Diaz‐Sarachaga, J. M., Jato‐Espino, D., & Castro‐Fresno, D. (2018). Is the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) index
an adequate framework to measure the progress of the 2030 Agenda?.Sustainable Development, 26(6), 663-671.
Agenda 21
Partitioningtheindicators
Millennium
Development
Goals
UN Sustainable
Development
Commission
(2007)
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(1992) (2002) (2015)

5. Millennium Development Goals
(2002 –2015)

6. Millennium Development Goals
Improvements in all social goals
Brazil achieved 7 objectives
Did not achieve maternal mortality goal
Problems in achieving environmental goals
UN. The Millenium DevelopmentGoalsReport. 2015.

7. UN. The Millenium Development
GoalsReport. 2015.
Brazil decreased
emissions halting
deforestation in
Amazon

8. UN. The Millenium Development
GoalsReport. 2015.

9. UN. The Millenium Development
GoalsReport. 2015.

10. Why were ‘protected areas’
chosen, and not percentage
of native vegetation, or
deforestation?
UN. The Millenium Development
GoalsReport. 2015.

11. UN. The Millenium Development
GoalsReport. 2015.
Why was sanitary
sewage chosen over
sewage treatment?

12. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
https://youtu.be/89tInECFdQ4
(2015- 2030)

13. Barrett, M., Belward, A., Bladen, S., Breeze, T., Burgess, N., Butchart, S., Clewclow, H., Cornell,
S., Cottam, A., Croft, S. and de Carlo, G., 2018. Living Planet Report 2018: Aiming Higher.
SustainableDevelopment
Goalsand
Strong Sustainability
ECONOMY
BIOSPHERE
SOCIETY

14. Life bellow water
United Nations. The secondworld oceanassessment. 2021. Volume II.
Ano
QuadratictrendMeasurements
Fisheries stocks at biologically sustainable levels

15. Life bellow water
Marine deadzones in 2018
(Eutrofication)
FertilizerPollution
Algalbloom
Lowoxygenlevels
The Gulf of
Mexico is the
largest dead zone in
the US, with
22,000 km
2
in 2017
United Nations. The secondworld oceanassessment. 2021. Volume II.

16. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/goal-14-life-below-water/
Life below water
Protectedmarine areas–2020
(7.4% oftheocean)

17. https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity#targets
What about native non-forest ecosystems?
% oflandcoveredbyforests
Excludes forestry and urban green areas
Life on land

18. Life on land
https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity
% ofimportantterrestrialbiodiversitysites that
are protected
Why wasn't “percentage of
protected area in relation to
total land area” chosen?

19. https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity
Life on land
% ofimportantterrestrialbiodiversitysites that
are protected-2020

20. https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity#targets
% ofimportantsites for freshwaterbiodiversitythatare coveredby
protectedareas
Life on land

21. Protectedareasin theworld
https://story.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=d14f53dcaf7b4542a8c9110eeabccf1c
IUCN. World Database of Protected Areas. In: Carroll, Allen. Welcometotheanthropocene: theage ofhumans.

22. Life on land
Redlistindex ofspeciesthreatenedbyextinction-2021
LeastconcernMost concern
https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity

23. Life on land
https://sdg-tracker.org/biodiversity
Most
concern
Least
concern
Redlistindex ofspeciesthreatenedbyextinction

24. WWF (2020) Living Planet Report 2020 -Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R.E.A.,
GrootenM. and Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.

25. Cycads
http://plantarum.free.fr/Cycadophytes%20APG/imgcol/_00005.htm

26. http://sdgindex.org/
Sustainable development goals index
Sachs, J., Schmidt- Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2021): SDG Index and Dashboards Report
2021. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftungand Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).
% SDG
achievement
Informationnotavailable

27. Spillovereffect
http://sdgindex.org/
Positive
Negative
Sachs, J., Schmidt- Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2021): SDG Index and Dashboards Report
2021. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftungand Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).
Informationnotavailable

28. Spillover of environmental impact vs. GDP
Sachs, J., Schmidt-Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2018): SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018. New
York: Bertelsmann Stiftungand Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).
GDP per capita (PPP) 2016
Averagespillovereffect(0-100)

29. Sustainable DevelopentGoals Index
Brazil
http://sdgindex.org/
Sachs, J., Schmidt- Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2021): SDG Index and Dashboards Report
2021. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftungand Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).

30. 1.Eradication of poverty
2.Zero hunger and sustainable agriculture
3.Health and well-being
4.Quality education
5.Gender equality
6.Clean water and sanitation
7.Clean and affordable energy
8.Decent work and economic growth
9.Innovation and infrastructure
10.Reduction of inequalities
11.Sustainable cities and communities
12.Responsible consumption and
production
13.Action against global climate change
14.Life on water
15.Earth life
16.Peace, justice and effective institutions
17.Partnerships and means of
implementation
Brasil–SDG index
Sachs, J., Schmidt- Traub, G., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G. (2021): SDG Index and Dashboards
Report 2021. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftungand Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN).

31. Brazil –Trend dashboard
http://sdgindex.org/

32. Competingtrade-offsbetweenSDGs
Installationof
projects
(economicgrowth)
•Industry
•Mining
•Hydropower
Improvementin
economicandsocial
indicators
Worseningin
environmental
indicators
Investmentin:
(productionefficiency)
•Education
•Health
•Ecoefficient
technology
Improvementin
economicandsocial
indicators
Environmental indicators
do not worsen
Spaiser, V., Ranganathan, S., Swain, R. B., & Sumpter, D. J. (2017). The sustainable development oxymoron: quantifying and modellingthe incompatibility of sustainable development goals.
International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(6), 457-470.

33. Alternative indicators to the
Sustainable Development Goals

34. Living Planet Index
Integrates monitoring of vertebrate
animal biodiversity on the planet
Declining trend in each taxonomy
Assesses uncertainties about
impacts on biodiversity

35. Living Planet Index
Barrett, M., Belward, A., Bladen, S., Breeze, T., Burgess, N., Butchart, S., Clewclow, H., Cornell,
S., Cottam, A., Croft, S. and de Carlo, G., 2018. Living Planet Report 2018: Aiming Higher.
Birds
Mamals
Fish
ReptilesandAmphibians
Habitat
degradation/loss
Exploitation
Invasivespecies
anddiseases
Pollution
Climatechange

36. Living Planet Index
WWF (2020) Living Planet Report 2020 -Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R.E.A.,
GrootenM. and Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.

37. WWF (2020) Living Planet Report 2020 -Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R.E.A., GrootenM. and
Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
Living Planet Index byregionin theworld

38. Steffen, W. et al. (2015). "Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet". Science. 347(6223): 1259855.
Planetaryboundaries
Stratosphericozone
depletion
Climate
change
Increasein
atmosphericaerosols
Novel pollutants
Changein
Earth
Systems
Freshwater
use
Phosphor
NitrogenBiochemical
fluxes
Acidificationof
theoceans
Genetic
diversity
Functional
diversity
Biosphere
integrity

39. Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
Dimensions of Sustainable Development
•Environmental health: influence on human
health
•Ecosystem vitality: situation of natural systems
https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Hsu, Angel, and Alisa Zomer. "Environmental performance index."Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online(2016): 1-5.

40. Weighted by
influence on
life expectancy
Dimension:
Aspects:
Indicators:
Air quality(65%) Waterquality(30%) Heavy metal (5%)
MP
2.5exceeded(30%) Sanitation(50%)Heavy metalsexposition(100%)
MP
2.5exposure(30%)Drinkingwater(50%)
Householdsolidfuels
(40%)
Yale Center for Environmental Law andPolicy(2018) 2018
Environmental PerfomanceIndex. Policymakerssummary.
Yale: Yale University.

41. Weighted by relevance in planetary
boundaries
Ecosystemvitality
(60%)
Yale Center for Environmental Law andPolicy(2018) 2018 Environmental
PerfomanceIndex. Policymakerssummary. Yale: Yale University.

42. Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., Esty, D. C., et al. (2020). 2020 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy.
Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
2020

43. Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., Esty, D. C., et al. (2020). 2020 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy.
Environmental performance index -2020

44. Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
2020
Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., Esty, D. C., et al . (2020). 2020 Environmental
Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy.
.

45. Ecologicalfootprint
https://www.squamishchief.com/news/local-news/carbon-marketplace-on-its-way-to-squamish-1.9025372

46. Ecologicalfootprint
http://blog.tstc.org/2015/07/20/why-new-york-has-the-lowest
Forest use
Compensation
for greenhouse
gases
Grazingland
Cropland
Builtarea
Fishingarea

47. Biocapacity
Seethi, S. (2012) Ecological Footprint. https://www.slideshare.net/drsuneel/ecological-footprint-11736726
1.8 ha per person is the limit for planet Earth
Biologically
productive
ocean
BIOPRODUCTIVE SEGMENTS
Oceanwith
low
productivity
Biologically
productiveland
Deserts, ice caps and
degraded soil

48. EcologicalFootprint-2017
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/content/documents/ecological_footprint_nations/
Per capita ecological footprint per national population (in global hectares)

49. Seethi, S. (2012) EcologicalFootprint. https://www.slideshare.net/drsuneel/ecological- footprint-11736726

50. Ecologicalfootprint-2017
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/content/documents/ecological_footprint_nations/
BiocapacityCreditors
Biocapacitygreaterthanfootprint
Biocapacitydebtors
Footprintlargerthanbiocapacity

51. Ecologicalfootprint
Hennig, Benjamin D (2013). Rediscovering the World: Map Transformations of Human and Physical Space. Heidelberg /
New York / Dordrecht / London (Springer)

52. Changein EcologicalFootprint1993-2009
Venter, O. et al. 2016. Sixteenyearsofchangein the
global terrestrialhumanfootprintandimplicationsfor
biodiversityconservation. NatureCommunications,7,
p.12558.
Improved
Improveda little
Worseneda little
Worsened
Worseneda lot
Changein Ecologicalfootprint

53. Ecologicalfootprint
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/licenses/public-data-package-free-edition-copy/
Global ecologicalfootprintper component
Carbon
Fishing
Agriculture
Builtarea
Forest products
Grazingland

54. EcologicalfootprintofBrazil
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/licenses/public-data-package-free-edition-copy/
Years
Ecologicalfootprint
Biocapacity
Global hectares per person

55. HDI above0.6 and EcologicalFootprint
belowGlobal Biocapacity:
Algeria, Colombia, Ecuador, Georgia, Jamaica,
Jordanand Sri Lanka
HDI above0.7: Cuba
Per capita ecological footprint and HDI of countries,
by region of the world (2014)
UN HumanDevelopmentIndex (HDI)
Pegada Ecológica per capita ( gha)

56. Earth OvershootDay (EOD)
Formerly known as Earth Debt Day (EDD)
Hypothetical calendar in which resource
consumption by humanity exceeds the capacity to
regenerate these resources in 1 year.
Calculated by dividing the Earth's biocapacity (natural
resources produced by the Earth in 1 year) by the
global ecological footprint (consumption of resources
by humanity in 1 year) and multiplying the result by
365 (days in a year).
https://www.overshootday.org/

58. Total waterfootprint
(m
3
/inhabitant/year)
https://worldwaterexchange.com/water-footprint- per-capita- per-year-m3/
Global average

59. Activity
Calculateyourecological
footprintat:
https://www.footprintcalculator.org
(addas muchdetailsas possible)
Reflect:
-Do you think it would be possible to
improve your ecological footprint?
Why? How?

60. Reflection
Analyzing the indicators throughout this
class, and the content of this course so
far, do you consider that human society
is moving towards sustainable
development? Why?

61. Questions?
Comments?
Thank you!
Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos
[email protected]