Synthesis of mRNA.pptx

#molecularbiology
#education
#higherstudies
#synthesis of mRNA
#mRNA
#zoology

1. Synthesis of mRNA Shumail Ayub Qureshi MPhil zoology Molecular biology ​

2. Agenda A Presentation title 2 Introduction Significances of mRNA Structure of mRNA Synthesis of mRNA Transcription Processing

3. Introduction mRNA or messenger RNA single stranded molecule Consist of nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bond. It is complementary to DNA It consider as a template for protein synthesis It carries genetic information present in DNA Genetic code on mRNA translated to amino acids and give rise to functional gene (Protein) It is synthesis in nucleus and undergo processing and get transported to cytoplasm Protein synthesis takes place in cytoplasm Presentation title 3

4. Presentation title 4

5. Structure of mRNA mRNA is consists of following regions named, Coding region Untranslated regions/UTRs 5’ cap Poly(A) tail

6. Structure of mRNA Presentation title 6 1. Coding Region Made-up codon(triplet of nucleotides) Codon have specific amino acid Translated by ribosomes to protein. Begin with AUG (start codon) Ends with UAG,UAA,UGA These codon also have regulatory function.

7. 2.Untranslated region Present at 5’ and 3’ regions before and after coding region Its present before start Codon and after stop codon Play role in gene expression Stability of RNA Efficiency of translation mRNA localization Presentation title 7

8. 3. 5’cap A cap of methyl guanosine triphosphate is present at 5’end. It help to reduced degradation. Help ribosomes to assists it at initiation time. 4. polyA tail Polyadenylate tail is present at the 3’end. Help in degradation Help in transport of mature RNA to cytoplasm. Involved in binding proteins. Presentation title 8

9. Presentation title 9

10. Transcription/synthesis of mRNA RNA synthesis from DNA. In prokaryotes single DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription. In eukaryotes, pre-mRNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II named pre-RNA or primary transcript. It present in nucleus and called as hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA) After processing its moves into the cytosol for processing. DNA dependent RNA polymerase II synthesis RNA Presentation title 10

11. Using DNA as template in the 5’ to 3’ direction. DNA strand 3’ to 5’ acts as template strand and 5’ to 3’ is coding strand. RNA copied the same nucleotides sequences as coding strand. Presentation title 11

12. Steps of transcription process Initiation RNA polymerase binds to promoter region Transcription begins Formation of transcription bubble Unwinding of DNA double helix II. Elongation RNA polymerase continue complementary nucleoside triphosphate as substrate. Elongation continued with opening of double helix RNA polymerase transcribes RNA to 5’ to 3’. Presentation title 12

13. III. Termination On reaching terminator region transcription stops and mRNA detaches from RNA polymerase. Presentation title 13

14. Presentation title 14

15. Processing Splicing Introns removed from primary transcript and exons are joined together. Capping Tailing Presentation title 15

16. Presentation title 16

17. Functions provide template for synthesis of protein. For transmission of genetic information. Modified mRNA can be utilized to cure disease. Use for making vaccine. Pfizer- bioNTech vaccine Presentation title 17

18. Thank you Shumail Ayub Qureshi MPhil zoology 1 st semester Molecular biology