Synthetic Food coloring

1. Synthetic Food C oloring

2. DEFINITION  any dye, pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or  drink  derived from coal tar and petroleum  come in many forms consisting of liquids, powders, gels and pastes tested for safety by various bodies around the world   United States > FD&C( Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ) are given to approved synthetic food dyes that do not exist in nature European Union > E numbers  are used for all additives, both synthetic and natural, that are approved in food applications

3. Color additives are used in foods for many reasons including: offset color loss due to exposure to light, air, temperature extremes, moisture and storage conditions correct natural variations in color enhance colors that occur naturally provide color to colorless and "fun" foods

4. Seven dyes approved under the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 FD&C Blue No. 1  – Brilliant Blue FCF, E133 (blue shade ) FD&C Blue No. 2 – Indigotine, E132 (indigo shade ) FD&C Green No. 3 – Fast Green FCF, E143 (turquoise shade ) FD&C Red No. 40  –  Allura Red AC, E129 (red shade ) FD&C Red No. 3 – Erythrosine, E127 (pink shade) FD&C Yellow No. 5  –  Tartrazine , E102 (yellow shade ) FD&C Yellow No. 6  – Sunset Yellow FCF, E110 (orange shade)

5. 1. Brilliant Blue FCF ( E133 ) FD&C Blue No. 1 IUPAC NAME > ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] amino] phenyl] - (2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] azanium MOLECULAR FORMULA > C 37 H 34 N 2 Na 2 O 9 S 3 synthetic  dye produced using  aromatic hydrocarbons from  petroleum has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder soluble in water  has the capacity for inducing anallergic  reaction in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma Banned in   Austria, Belgium, Denmark,  France, Germany , Greece, Italy, Spain,  Sweden , and  Switzerland

6. Applications:  found in:  ice cream,  canned  processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings , ice pops,  blue raspberry flavored products,  dairy  products, sweets  and drinks, blue curacao

7. 2. Indigotine (E132) FD&C Blue No. 2 IUPAC NAME > 3,3'-dioxo-2,2'-bis-indolyden-5,5'-disulfonic acid disodium salt or indigotine; 5,5'-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt MOLECULAR FORMULA > C 16 H 8 N 2 Na 2 O 8 S 2 6mg/kg – 500mg/kg a  pH indicator; blue at pH 11.4 and yellow at 13.0 is used chiefly as a biological stain and food color can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity  harmful to the respiratory tract if inhaled  irritant to the skin and eyes

8. 3. Fast Green FCF (E143) FD&C Green No. 3 IUPAC NAME > ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] amino] phenyl] - (4 - hydroxy - 2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] azanium MOLECULAR FORMULA > C 37 H 37 N 2 O 10 S 3 +  sea green  triarylmethane food dye  color is more brilliant and less likely to fade used for tinned green peas and other vegetables, jellies, sauces, fish, desserts, and dry bakery mixes at level of up to 100 mg/kg have tumorigenic  effects risks irritation of eyes, skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract in its undiluted form

9. 4 . Allura Red AC (E129) FD&C Red No. 40   IUPAC NAME > disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate MOLECULAR FORMULA > C 18 H 14 N 2 Na 2 O 8 S 2  red azo dye originally introduced in the  United States as a replacement for the use of amaranth as a food coloring  has the appearance of a dark red  powder used in many products, such as soft drinks, children's medications, and cotton candy

10. 5. Erythrosine ( E127) FD&C Red No. 3 IUPAC NAME > MOLECULAR FORMULA >

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