Synthetic petrol

the methods of producing synthetic ptrol

1. Synthetic Petrol 4 Applied Chemistry Helwan university prepared by: Tamer Maged

2. Introduction Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel obtained from coal , natural gas , oil shale , or biomass . It may also refer to fuel derived from other solids such as plastics or rubber waste.

3. Methods of producing synthetic petrol

4. Polymerization In this method, smaller molecules of hydrocarbons are combined to form heavier molecule resembling gasoline , it is of two type: Thermal polymerization Catalytic polymerization

5. Thermal polymerization Thermal polymerization is carried out at temperature about 500-600 C and pressure about 70-350 Kg / cm2

6. Catalytic polymerization It is carried out at lower temperature of 150-200 C , in low pressure and in presence of catalyst like posphoric acid. T he rate of reaction is increased. The gasoline obtained is of inproved quality and posses high antiknock properties than the gasoline obtained from thermal polymerization process.

7. Fischer- Tropsch Process It is indirect coal liquefaction. It is a set of chemical reaction that can be used to produce fuels and chemicles from synthesis gas. synthesis gas is mixture of C o and H 2 , which can be derived from natural gas , coal , or biomass.

8. Production of synthesis gas C + H2o [ CO + H2] (coal) (steam) ( water gas ) 2. [CO + H2] + H2 [CO + 2H2] ( water gas) (synthesis gas ) The synthesis gas is fed into converter which contains catalyst under temperature , then occurs it hydrogenation.

9. Hydrogenation of synthesis gas n[CO + (2n+1)H 2 ] C n H 2n+2 + H 2 o (synthesis gas ) (Alkanes) After produce alkanes is fed into fractional distillation column to produce (The synthetic petrol)

10. Disadvantages As implemented today , it is dirty , wastes energy , complicated. Burns almost one ton of coal for every ton converted to liquid fuel

11. Bergius process One of the main methods of direct conversion of coal to liquids by hydrogenation process is Bergius process. In this process , the finely powdered coal is completed keen on a paste through heavy oil ang a catalyst powder (tin or nickel oleate ) is mixed with it. The paste is pumped along with hydrogen gas into the converter. Where the synthetic paste is heated to 400-450 C under a pressure of 200-250 atm.

12. Continue…… During this process hydrogen combines with coal to form saturated higher hydrocarbons , which experience additional decay at superior temperature to acquiesce combination of lesser hydrocarbons. The mix is led to a condenser , where the crude oil is attained . The crude oil then fractionated to yield A. Gasoline B. Middle oil C. Heavy oil