Taal - Musical Instrument (Maharashtra)

1,112 views 53 slides Feb 16, 2022
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About This Presentation

A detailed study of the Maharashtrian traditional musical instrument Taal.
Product's manufacturing process, market, and reusing of the product in sone other way is covered in this presentation.


Slide Content

TAAL
Craft Design Project
Rahul Ashok Barve
B.Des (Vth Sem)
World University Of Design

Contents
CRAFT & CRAFT
COMMUNITY
PROCESS &
TOOLS
ARTISAN'S
PROFILE
INTRODUCTION

ISSUES &
CONCERNS
DESIGN
PROCESS
PRESENT
CONTEXT

Brief :
To study and document the Taal craft of Ahmednagar and to
Promote and uplift the craft through design intervention.

Introduction
Craft Research & Documentation
The Craft; TAAL
Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

Craft Research &
Documentation
Craft documentation is a process of
recording, categorising, compiling, and
analysis of information.
The process explicates the
characteristics of a craft which is :
The materials, process, tools, and
techniques involved in creating it.
Range of products and the various
applications possible with the materials.
Tradition and history associated with the
craft.

The Craft;
TAAL
The Taal, manjira (also spelled manjira or manjeera),
jalra, or gini is a pair of clash cymbals, which make
high-pitched percussion sounds.
In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand
cymbals. The word Taal comes from the Sanskrit word
Tala, literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music
and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g.
Bhajans, Aarti, Bihu music, Harinaam etc.
It is a traditional musical instrument made from metal,
mainly copper. This instrument originated in India is a
usual accompaniment for devotional performances and
music.
Made up of two copper plates called cymbals, holds a depression in the
middle and a protrusion to the exterior side. This protrusion allows it to be
played with fingers. While using it, the player holds the Taal with both hands
and strikes it together or one over the other to produce a tinkling sound. The
cymbals are also tied together with a crude copper cord or a simple string for
extra grip while playing. This perfectly tuned handmade instrument is a
masterpiece of skilled artisans who design by casting method or by beating
the metal into the required shape. The latter is a pretty primitive style, while
casting is the one that is widely practiced nowadays.

History/Mythology Places
Design
In Maharashtra, it is believed that the taal became famous
when Saint Tukaram first used taal made up of stone
worshipping lord vitthal.
Taal are ancient musical instruments. Taals can be seen in
many ancient temple pictures.
Taal occupies a significant place in the folk music of
Gujarat and Maharashtra regions, while it is called Manjira
in Gujarat, being played during Bhajan, Dayro and
Santvani.
Taal is also used in music concerts as an accompaniment
and a very important property for the music team when
assisting dance performances such as Bharat Natyam,
Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Andhra Natyam, Katha
Kali etc, apart from its use by every folk singer.
The Taal instrument will generally made of different metals
such as bronze, brass, bell metal or copper zinc. when struck
together they produces rhythmic tingling sounds, pitch of the
sound changing according to the type of cymbals, in terms of
size, weight, and material of construction, the player of the
instrument adjusting the timbre according to the requirement
at the time of playing the instrument.
Taal basically gives a metallic confirming note to the music,
with wonderful melody of acceptance and agreement to the
tune.

History
Location
Ahmednagar,
Maharashtra
The town was founded in 1494 by Ahmed Nizam Shah on the site of more
a more ancient city, Bhingar. With the breakup of the Bahmani Sultanate,
Ahmed established a new sultanate in Ahmednagar.
Ahmednagar has more than 500 years history. Traces can be found of
Nizamshahi, Shahjahan and Peshwas until the British took over
Ahmednagar.
North Latitude (degrees) 18.02 to 19.9
East Longitude (degrees) 73.9 to 75.5
It is around 120 km from Pune or
Aurangabad, 280 km away from
Mumbai and 175 km away from Nasik.

Climate
Demographics
Climate of Ahmednagar district is generally hot and dry.
In Maharashtra, Ahmednagar district is known mainly as
a drought prone area. Ahmednagar district has an uneven
rainfall and the distribution of rainfall is uneven.
Average rainfall in the western part of Akole and
Sangamner taluka is higher than other talukas. But it’s
not always regular.
In the 2001 India census, Ahmednagar district had a
population of 4,040,642. At that time the district was
19.89% urban. Males represented 51.55% of the
population, and females 48.45%, for a sex-ratio of 940
females per thousand males in 2001. In the 2011 census
Ahmednagar district recorded a population of
45,43,159,Ahmadnagar had a sex ratio of 934 females for
every 1000 males,[9] and a literacy rate of 80.22%.

Hindus
90.4%
Muslims
7.1%
Others
0.9%
Culture
Economy
Islam arrived in Ahmednagar during the Tughlaq dynasty. There are many Muslim
monuments like salabat khan's Tomb known as chandbibi, Faria Baug, Ground
Fort and many dargas (mosques), and they are found in main town and cities.
Christianity arrived in the 18th century when the British took over the area from
the Maratha empire onwards. Christianity has been Ahmednagar's third-largest
religion, found all over the district except in the south-west. It is called as
Jerusalem of Maharashtra
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Ahmednagar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one
of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Ahmednagar is Maharashtra's most advanced district in many ways. It has the maximum number of sugar factories. The first cooperative
sugar factory in Asia was established at Pravanagar. A role model of water conservation work can be seen at Ralegaon Siddhi, which is also
called the Ideal Village. Newase where Dnyaneshwari was written, Shri Saibaba's Shirdi, one of Ashtavinayaks at Siddhatek, the famous
Kanifnath temple, attract devotees. The Palace of Chand Bibi, the Bhandardara dam, Harishchandragad Fort, the Maldhok (Indian Bustard)
sanctuary and the Rehkuri sanctuary are some of the places of tourist attraction.

Craft & Craft Community
The Craft
The Community

The Craft
Taal of Ahmednagar is titled as one of the unique and distinctive
features among all the other taal's found in Maharshtra. Usually
taals are made of copper metal but the craftsmen in Ahmednagar
produces Taal of Bronze(Kansa) metal i.e combination of copper
and tin in respective proportions. this kind of taal made of kansa is
only produced in Ahmednagar in Maharashtra. the distinctive
feature of Kansa taal is that it is 10x louder and powerful than
normal pital taal. Another distinctive feature is it's line carving
design to the outer surface of the taal which is only made by
craftsman in Ahmednagar.
Products of various sizes and thickness are made by the artisans
but thier are mainly 3 variations of kansa taal which are popular
of this community.
Wt. 500gm
Used for normal Bhajans.
Soft Sound is produced.
Small sized Taal :
Wt. 600gm
It is most commonly used taal cause of
it's average size. It is used for all sorts of
Aartis and Bhajans.
Sound produced is a not so soft.
Medium sized
Taal :
Wt. 700gm
It is Least commonly used taal cause of
it's heavy weight. It is usually used by
older people.
Sound produced is a loud and harsh.
Big sized Taal :
Product Range

Location
The Community
The Taals of Ahmednagar are made by Dudhale Family. they have
been making taal's from last 4 generations. The Great grandfather of
Mr. Shubham was the first who started making taals in
Ahmednagar.
Currently their are 2-3 shops
situated close to eachother which
are owned by Mr. Shubham and
his uncles separately. the shops
are in the main market of
Ahmednagar and taal are made in
workshop which is just behind
the shop.

Work Distribution
Socio-Economic-Culture
Mr. Shubham Dudhale is the owner of the shop. he runs the shop
and handles the clients. 4-5 artisans work in his shop carrying out
various roles. 3 artisans makes taal through sand casting. Another
artisan polishes the taal surface with the help of lathe machine.
design of lines carving is done by an artisan on the outer surface of
taal. Shubham ties casted taal pairs with the help of strap. on a
usual day work starts early in the morning at 5 am and ends around
midday. Shubham's father helps him dealing with the clients.
The Dudhale are Hindus. They worship all Hindu deities but
particulary Lord Vitthal of Pandharpur where most of his taals are
sold. They also bhakt of Saint Tukaram and Saint Dnyaneshwar.
They have great faith in god and beleives that everything they have
is because of Almighty.
They observe and celebrates all Hindu festivals and takes active
participation in Pandharpur Wari.

Process & Tools
Raw Materials & Tools
Taal making

Raw Materials & Tools
Raw material melted and
mixed with other molten
metal mixture.
Old Brass Utensils
It is used to separate bigger
grains and attain fine soil
used in the making.
Sieve
It is used for mold making.
Tar helps in keeping sand
intact in mold.
Tar and Mud Powder
Mixture
It is the main raw material
melted and poured into the
mold to achieve a particular
shape.
Wire are usually bought
from Scrap market.
Copper wire

Wheat Powder
Crucible
Furnace
Pincers
It is used to prevent the
molten metal from sticking
to the brass pattern used.
It is a container used to pour
the molten metal. it is made
up of clay in a village in
Andhra Pradesh.
It is the heater in which the
metals are melted. Intensity
of the flame is controlled by
the wind blower motor.
It holds the crucibles.

Box Flask
Flies
Grinder
Lathe
Big Nail
Plier
Cotton
Strap
It is a tool used to hold a mold in a casting.
It is used to remove fine amounts of
material from the workpiece.
It is used to attach the cotton strap to the
plate.
It is used to bend the nail into a hook shape.
It is used to hold the instrument.
It is a tool used for metal polishing.
It is a tool that keeps the workpiece in a
rotational motion to perform filing.

Taal making
A Taal making is put through a sand
casting method performed to solidify
metal into a particular shape.
Furnace is heated with coal as a feul and wind blowing machine for
temperature/intensity control.

Soil and tar is mixed in appropriate proportion, then with the help of sieve
fine soil is separated from bigger grains.

Firstly a box flask is used to make a
mold of Taal shape. Here the box flask is
a rectangular structure with only frames
and no top or bottom, made up of two
parts: a cope and a drag.

Sand is then filled into
the pattern and drag,
packing them
completely, followed by
proper hitting with hand
hammers.

To have an opening for pouring molten metal, holes are created at this stage in the drag to the full depth of the drag as well as the
flask. The finished drag flask is now rolled over to the bottom board exposing the pattern. Again wheat flour is sprinkled all over
them. The same steps are followed for cope similarly and once done the pattern is removed from the freshly designed cope and drag.

Likewise, many molds are made ready and assembled for large-scale production. Once the mold is ready, metal
pieces and wires are placed into a crucible in a burning furnace to melt it at high temperatures. Next, this molten
metal in the crucible is carried towards the mold with the help of tongs and poured through the feed hole.

After the substance cools and solidifies, its
casting is separated from the mold and
dipped into the water.

Artisan grinds the raw cymbals with power
sander for smoother surfaces.
The cymbals are placed to dry.

Scraping is done to the topmost part of the
cymbal as well.
A rectangle file is used to smoothen the
front part of the cymbal.
Cymbal is fixed on a lathe turner.

A holder is fixed on the nail fixed on the
top of the cymbal.
Next, Artisan fixes iron nails to the holes
made on cymbals.

Artisan bends the sharp edge of the nail
into a circular shape using a cutting plier.
A strap is fixed into the circular-shaped nail and
tightening them without leaving a gap.

The
completed
piece of
captivating
Taal.

Artisan's Profile
Sainath Gangadar Dudhale
Other Artisan's

Sainath Gangadar
Dudhale
Personal Data
Age - 27 years
Family - Younger sister, father, mother
Language - Marathi, Hindi
Education - 11th pass
Shubham has observed and learned from his father and
uncle working on taal since childhood. he decided to
continue the craft, so he stopped his studies and he sarted
his own shop around 6-7 years before. his family resides
just above the shop. he is really thankful to whathever he
is earning and will keep making taal in the future as well.

Rahul
Shirsagar
Pramod Dahiwale
Rameshwar Dampat
Raju Jadhav
Artisans
4-5 artisans work in the workshop from 5am to 1pm
everyday. Artisans gets paid on a daily basis, so they do not
get any benefit of bonus, incentives or holidays.
He is been working here
from 4-5 years.
Taal making
He is the most experienced
artisan and has been
working from last 40 years
in this craft.
Taal making
He is been working here
from 7-8 years.
Taal surface polishing
He is been working here
from 1-2 years.
Taal carvings
He is been working here
from last 10 years.
Taal making

Present Context
Current Market Scenario
Role of Government

Current Market
Scenario
Shubham's Taal are majorly sold in Maharashtra only. few artists and
customers approach them from various South Indian cities like Chennai,
Bangalore, etc occasionally. The sales are high during the wari to
pandharpur in Ashadi. During this time the demand of taal is so high that
they are unable to complete the orders. 3 types of clients approach them
Traders, Religious Institutions and occasional customers. the traders are
their most important clients as they buy taals throughout the year.
Religious Institutions buys taal in a large quantity during the wari season.
occasional customers such as village people, artists are the least priority
clients because of their less quantity purchase and irregularity in buying.
according to shubham the sales and popularity of his taal has been
increased from earlier times and is constantly more increasing, so he is
very happy with his business.

Role of
Government
Government does not provide any kind of
aid or benefit to this craft. neither are any
NGO's involved with this artisans craft in
Ahmednagar.
GST tax on Taal is exempted under HSN
chapter 92. As per GST Law, there is no
GST payable on Indigenous handmade
musical instruments.

Issues & Concerns
Safety of Artisans
Adulteration in Raw Material
Shortage of Artisans

Safety of Artisans
Adulteration in Raw
Material
Shortage of Artisans
Artisans works in very dangerous
environment with no safety
measures and proper equipments.
Impure raw materials makes the
proportions of alloy metal imbalance
which causes low quality of taal
production which gets crack easily.
Learning the skill to make taal takes
time and poor safety measures are
the reason for shortage of artisans.
also they are not paid monthly salary
but daily wages which is another
reason for shortage of artisans.
working in this environment causes
serious damage to body.

Opportunity Areas
Location of the shop
New Product
Taal Tuner

Location of the shop
Although the shop was located in the main
market of Ahmednagar it was hidden in the
small galli where not many people use to go.
Location of the shop was not on google maps
so i helped set up the shop on the maps.

Brainstorming
Concept
Design Process (new product)

Brainstorming
After studying the craft and
how it functions, i decided to
make a new product which can
explore the new domain of the
market and increase it's utility.

Concept I
The knob/holder of the Taal is designed such that it
can be used as incense stick stand increasing the
utiliy of the product.

Concept II
Taals hanging through a rope, when
clashed produces very pleasing
sound. this can be used at home as
a decor, in temple as a bell.

Concept III
A musical instrument in which Taal of different sizes
will be attached with the single string.
Mallets will be used to create vibration which will
ultimately produce sound.
Mallets

Features of the Product
The instrument produces
sound of variant
frequencies.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
The instrument sings "ommm"
which is considered very holy
sound in Hindu mythology.
SPIRITUAL EFFECTS
The instrument can be used
in Bhajans and in regional
songs.
DIVINE SOUND
The sound is very calming and
peaceful and can generate
sensorial experience.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Frequencies of different Taals
1805 Hz
1441 Hz 1828 Hz
2367 Hz
4078 Hz

Taal Tuner
The process of matching the taal with it's perfect pair so that it
can produce a harmonious sound is very time consuming and
needs an expert.
Introducing an app or an equipment which will capture the
frequencies of the different taals can help them find the perfect
pair similar to guitar tuners that are available currently.

Learning
Working of the craft
Craft community
Making process
Artisans Livelihood

Thank You

Aim :
The project is aimed towards promoting the Taal craft of Ahmednagar
through documentation and design intervention through developing a
new product, which caters to the new market.