TAMIZH PROTEIN PEPTIDE lmllmlmlmDDS.pptx

ojjvjk

1. PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PRESENTED BY : TAMIZHARASAN S 1 ST SEM MPHARM DEPATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS

2. INTRODUCTION Proteins are the large organic compound made up of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by poly peptide bonds. The term protein is derived from a Greek word “proteios” which means “holding first place”.   Types of protein :Antibodies, contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins, storage proteins, and transport proteins.

3. STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN

4. STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN Primary Structure : The simplest level of protein structure, primary structure is simply the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Secondary Structure : The peptide backbone of the protein structure will fold onto itself, to give this unique structure. This folding of the polypeptide chains happens due to the interaction between the carboxyl group along with the amine group of the peptide chains. α-helix and β-pleated sheets are the two kinds of shapes formed in secondary  structure .

5. Tertiary Structure : It refers to the comprehensive 3-D structure of the polypeptide chain of a protein(H-bonds, disulphide linkages, and Vander Waals forces stabilize this structure .) Quaternary Structure : It refers to the structure of a protein macromolecule formed by interactions between multiple polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide chain referred to as a subunit. Proteins with quaternary structure may consist of more than one of the same type or different type of protein subunit.

6. Peptide: a short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain Dipeptide: a molecule containing two amino acids joined by a peptide bond Tripeptide: a molecule containing three amino acids joined by peptide bonds EXAMPLE- Oligopeptide. (Val-Gly-Ala) Polypeptide: a macromolecule containing many amino acids.

7. FUNCTION OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES Transport and storage of small molecules. E.g.: Ferretin Oxygen carrier Eg: Hemoglobin. Some proteins serve as important structural elements of the body, Eg: Hair, wool and collagen, an important constituent of connective tissue. Co- ordinated motion through muscle contraction Mechanical support from fibrous proteins. Generation and transmission of nerve impulses. Enzymatic catalysis. Immune protection through antibodies. Control of growth and differentiation through hormones. Associated with genes, hereditary factors.

8. ADVANTAGES: Targeted delivery: Peptide drugs can be designed to specifically target tissues or cells, reducing off-target effects and enhancing efficacy. Enhanced stability: Encapsulation of peptides within delivery systems can protect them from enzymatic degradation, increasing their stability and bioavailability. Controlled release: Peptide drug delivery systems can be engineered to provide sustained release of the drug over time, improving patient compliance and reducing dosing frequency. Reduced immunogenicity: By shielding peptides from immune recognition, delivery systems can decrease the risk of immune reactions and increase the therapeutic window. Improved pharmacokinetics: Modification of peptides with delivery systems can prolong their circulation time, allowing for a more gradual and sustained release profile .

9. DISADVANTAGES: Complexity of design: Developing effective peptide drug delivery systems requires expertise in materials science, pharmacology, and formulation chemistry, increasing development costs and timelines. Limited payload capacity: Some delivery systems may have limited capacity for loading peptides, restricting the amount of drug that can be delivered in a single dose. Potential toxicity: Certain materials used in delivery systems may induce toxicity or adverse reactions in the body, necessitating thorough safety evaluations. Clearance issues: Delivery systems may be subject to rapid clearance by the body's immune system or reticuloendothelial system, reducing their effectiveness. Manufacturing challenges: Scaling up production of peptide drug delivery systems to meet clinical demand can be challenging due to the complexity of manufacturing processes and quality control requirements.

10. THANK YOU