Technologie de Virtualisation dans le cloud .pdf

Definition of Virtualization, Adopting Virtualization, Types of
Virtualization,Virtualization Architecture and Software, Virtual Clustering,
Virtualization Application, Pitfalls of Virtualization.Grid, Cloud and Virtualization: Virtualization in Grid, Virtualization in
Cloud,Virtualization and Cloud Security.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing: Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure,
Virtual infrastructures, CPU Virtualization, Network and Storage
Virtualization.

1. Unit-3 :Virtualization in Cloud Computing
1
Introduction:DefinitionofVirtualization,AdoptingVirtualization,Typesof
Virtualization,VirtualizationArchitectureandSoftware,VirtualClustering,
VirtualizationApplication,PitfallsofVirtualization.
Grid,CloudandVirtualization:VirtualizationinGrid,Virtualizationin
Cloud,VirtualizationandCloudSecurity.
VirtualizationandCloudComputing:AnatomyofCloudInfrastructure,
Virtualinfrastructures,CPU Virtualization,NetworkandStorage
Virtualization.

2. DefinitionofVirtualization
●Virtualizationisthecreationofavirtual--ratherthanactual
●Virtualizationissoftwarethatmakescomputingenvironments
independentofphysicalinfrastructure.
●Virtualizationistechnologythatyoucanusetocreatevirtual
representationsofservers,storage,networks,andotherphysical
machines.
●Examplesvirtualclassroometc.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

3. DefinitionofVirtualization
●‘Virtualizationisamethodologyfordividingthecomputerresourcestomore
thanoneexecutionenvironment byapplyingmoreconceptslike
partitioning,time-sharing,machinesimulationandemulation.’
●Virtualizationisamethodinwhichmultipleindependentoperatingsystems
runonaphysicalcomputer.
●ThisnewtrendhelpstheITenvironmenttomanageitselfandevery
availableresourceisseenasautility,whereaclientpaysperuse.
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4. 4Figure:Diagrammatic Representation of Virtualization
Layer-1
Layer-2
Layer-3

5. DefinitionofVirtualization
●Itcontainsthreelayers:
●layer1comprisingofnetwork,layer2comprisingofvirtualinfrastructures
andlayer3containsvirtualmachineswheredifferentoperatingsystemand
applicationsaredeployed.
●Asinglevirtualinfrastructurecansupportmorethanonevirtualmachine,
thatis,morethanoneOSandapplicationcanbedeployed.
●Avirtualinfrastructureconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:thehost,the
hypervisor,thevirtualmachines,andtheuserinterface.
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6. DefinitionofVirtualization
●Followingaresomereasonsforusingvirtualization:
●Virtualmachines(VM)mergetheworkloadsofunder-utilizedservers.Becauseof
thisonecansaveonhardware,environmentalcostsandmanagement.
●Torunlegacyapplications,VMisused.
●VMprovidesasecuredandsandboxforrunninganuntrustedapplication.
●VMhelpsinbuildingsecuredcomputingplatform.
●VMprovidesanillusionofhardware.
●VMsimulatesnetworksofindependentcomputers.
●VMsupportstorundistinctOSwithdifferentversions.
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7. DefinitionofVirtualization
●Followingaresomereasonsforusingvirtualization:
●VMsareusesforperformancemonitoring.Operatingsystemscanbechecked
withoutdisturbingtheproductivity.
●VMprovidesfaultanderrorcontainment.
●VMtoolsaregoodforresearchandacademicexperiments.
●VMcanencapsulatetheentirestateofasystembysaving,examining,modifying
andreloading.
●VMenablestosharememoryinmultiprocessorarchitecture.
●VMmakesthejobeasierfortheadministrativestaffinmigration,backupand
recovery.
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8. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●Avirtualmachine,VM,asa"computermadeofsoftware"thatyou
canusetorunanysoftwareyouwouldrunonaphysicalcomputer.
●Ahypervisor,alsoknownasavirtualmachinemonitororVMM,
●Hypervisorissoftwarethatcreates,runs,manageandmonitoryour
virtualmachines(VMs).
●PurposeofHypervisor:bestutilizationofallresourceswiththeir
potential
●TwoTypes:1.Type1(BareMetal)2.Type2(Hosted)
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9. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●Type1:
●Directlyworkonhardware.
●Hypervisorinstallonhardware.
●VM directlyaccess system
hardware.
●Contactwithsystemhardwareis
notpossibleinType2.
●PerformanceisveryhighinType1
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10. 10

11. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●Type2:
●HypervisorinstallonsystemO.S.
●Thistype2onlyusedbylearnerwho
workondifferento.s.
●Thistypenotusedincompany
becauseperformanceislow.
●IfmainO.S.havingsomedifficulty
thenitaffectonhypervisorthen
VM.
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12. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●Virtualizationprovidesmultipleenvironmentsforexecutiontermedasvirtual
machine.
●Eachvirtualmachinelookslikeanactualmachinetoitsuser,butitis
isolatedandisinvirtualizedformofrunningtheexistentmachineunderthe
supervisionofavirtualmachinemonitor(VMM).
●Followingaresomeframeworkswhichusevirtualization
●WineFreeBSDHiveMicrosoftVirtualServer Nemesis
SimOS
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13. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●Followingaresomeframeworkswhichuse
virtualization
●Wineisasoftware,wheretheusercan
executewindows applicationson
FreeBSD,LinuxandSolaris.
●Wine isdeveloped withx86
architectureanddoesnotemulateas
aprocessor.
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14. BasicTermsofVirtualization
●VirtualMachinesProgrammingLanguages
●Programminglanguagesareimplementedforgettingthebenefitsofisolationandportability
usingvirtualmachines.
●UCSDP-SystemandJVMarethetwoexamplesforvirtualmachineslanguages.
●TheUCSDP-Systemwasverypopularinlate1970sandearly1980s.
●Itwasavirtualmachinerunningbyte-code,isthemostpopularprogramminglanguagewith
UCSDPASCAL.
●TheJavaVirtualMachine(JVM)isanabstractcomputeranditincludesregisterset,a
stack,aheap,amethodareaandaninstructionset.
●ImplementingJVMinmicro-codebutJVMcanbeusedonlyassingle-uservirtualmachine.
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15. AdoptingVirtualization
●Virtualizationisaperfectsolutionforsmalltomedium-scale
enterprises.
●Itdoesnotsuithighperformanceapplicationsandshouldbeavoided.
●Itmaybepossibletoaddoverheads,complexityandreducethe
performance.
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16. AdoptingVirtualization
●Byusingvirtualization,CPUutilizationduringpeakhourswilltogrow
veryquicklyto50%anditshouldnotoverridetheSLA(servicelevel
agreement)ofanorganization.
●Atpresent,invirtualization,theCPUandI/Ooverheadforstorageand
networkingthroughputareminimal,whenhighstorageormore
hardwareI/Orequirementsareneeded,thenavoidusingVM.
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17. TypesofVirtualization
●Virtualizationisaverypowerfultoolthatdrivessignificantbenefitsforcost,
agility(flexibility)andtheenvironment.
●Todayvirtualizationisappliedinmanyplaces
●VariousVirtualizationTypesare:
●Servervirtualization
●NetworkVirtualization
●Storagevirtualization
●Desktopvirtualization
●Applicationvirtualization
●Managementvirtualization
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18. 18

19. ●Mostwidelyusedvirtualization.
●Itdonemaskingofserverresourcesfromusers
●maskingincludesnumberofphysicalservers,processorsandoperating
systems.
●Needofservervirtualization:PhysicalserverisworkUnderutilization,so
usingtheservervirtualizationPhysicalserverfullyworkontheircapacity
,henceincreasingthesharing,utilizationandmaintainingthecapacityof
servers.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Types ofVirtualization: Server
virtualization

20. 20
Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Physical Server
Virtual
Server
12 application required 4 Physical Server
Types ofVirtualization: Server
virtualization

21. 21

22. ●Eachvirtualserverhasitsownoperatingsystemandapplicationsandactsas
anindividualserver.
●servervirtualizationsoftwaressuchasHyper-VorVMwareencapsulatesan
operatingsystemanditsapplicationstoruninisolatedprocessorsandmemory
spacesofthehost.
●3waytocreateVirtualservers:
●1.Fullvirtualization(need)2.Paravirtualization(lessneed)3.OSlevel
(physicalservero.s.)
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Types ofVirtualization: Server
virtualization

23. TypesofVirtualization:Servervirtualization
●1.Fullvirtualization:Completevirtualization
●Thephysicalserver’sresourcesaremonitoredbythehypervisor.
●Virtualserversoperateindependentlyandarenotawareofothervirtualserversusing
hypervisor.
●Whenanyapplicationrunsonthevirtualservers,thehypervisorpassesresourcesfrom
thephysicalmachinetothepropervirtualserver.
●Hypervisorshavetheirownprocessingrequirementsandphysicalserver
reservesprocessingpowerandresourcestobeexecutedbythehypervisor
application.
●Thiswillimpacttheoverallserverperformanceandslowdownapplications.
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24. TypesofVirtualization:Servervirtualization
●2paravirtualization:
●InthistypeVirtualserverareawarewitheachother.
●hypervisoruseslessprocessingpowertomanagevirtualOS.
●Itworkbasedonnetworkadministrator,iftheIftheadministratorwantsto
installdifferentOS,thenpara-virtualizationisthebestoption.
●Manyindustriessupportfullvirtualization,butinterestinparavirtualizationis
alsogrowing;soonitmayreplacefullvirtualization.
●3.OSlevel(physicalservero.s.):noneedofHypervisor,
●O.S.ofPhysical serverisdone the work ofvirtualization
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25. Types ofVirtualization: Server
virtualization
●UsesofServerVirtualization:
●Costreductionininfrastructuresuchashardwareanditsmaintenance
●Utilizationofresourcetothefullest
●Increasedefficiencyofserver
●Increasedsecurity
●Space saving in data centres
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26. Types of Virtualization: O.S.
Virtualization
●OSvirtualizationsomewhatdiffersfromservervirtualization.
●ThehostrunsasingleOSkernelandexportsdifferentoperatingsystem
functionalitiestoeveryvisitors.
●WorkingofOSVirtualization
●ThecomponentsforusingOSvirtualizationintheinfrastructureare
serverandclient.
●Server:Thiscomponentinitializeswhichvirtualdiskandestablishes
theconnectionwiththeclient.
●Client:ItestablisheslinkwithfirstcomponenttoruntheOS.
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27. 27

28. 28

29. Types of Virtualization: O.S.
Virtualization
●WorkingofOSVirtualization
●Step1—ConnectingtotheOSvirtualizationserver:
●Step2—Connectingthevirtualdisk:
●Step3—VDiskconnectedtotheclient:
●Step4—OSis‘streamed’totheclient:
●Step5—Additionalstreaming:Oncethefirstpartstreamingisover,
operatingsystemstartsasexpected(e.g.,startinganapplication
whichistherewithinthevirtualdisk).
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30. Types of Virtualization: O.S.
Virtualization
●OSVirtualization:Pros
●Flexibleprovisioning
●Rapidsoftwaredeployment:
●Easyandefficientimplantingupdatesandhotfixesoftheoperating
systemandapplications:
●Easyrollbackscenarios:
●Flexibleprovisioning:
●Rapidsoftwaredeployment:
●Easyrollbackscenarios:
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31. Types of Virtualization: O.S.
Virtualization
●OSVirtualization:SampleScenarios
●CitrixXenApp/terminalservers
●VDI/DDIsolutions
●Back-upservers
●Development/testenvironments
●Educationalenvironments
●Secureenvironments
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32. ●NetworkVirtualizationisamethodwherenetworkresourcesare
combinebasedonavailablebandwidth.
●Eachchannelisassignedtoaparticularserver.
●Byadoptingthismethodofvirtualization,atruecomplexityofnetworkis
hiddenandmanagedlikepartitioningtheharddrive.
●Becauseofnetworkvirtualization,lowerTCO(Totalcostofownership),
higherreturnofinvestment,securityanddynamiccomputingare
obtained.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing
TypesofVirtualization:NetworkVirtualization

33. TypesofVirtualization:NetworkVirtualization
●Networkvirtualizationistheprocessofconfiguringtheavailableresourcesin
ameshbysplittingtheavailablebandwidthintochannels.
●allsubscriberscanaccessalltheresourcesofthenetworkusingasingle
computer.
●AvirtualmachinecanbeconfiguredwithoneormorevirtualEthernet
adapters.
●Virtualswitcheswhichpermitvirtualmachinesonthesamevirtualization
hardwarehosttocommunicatewitheveryonethroughthesameprotocolsthat
wouldbeusedoverphysicalswitches,withouttheneedforextrahardware.
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34. 34

35. TypesofVirtualization:NetworkVirtualization
●Networkmanagement isatime-consuming processforanetwork
administrator.
●Networkvirtualizationcanimproveproductivityandefficiencybyperforming
tasksautomatically.
●Sharingorreallocationofstoragespacecanbedoneamongtheservers.
●Addingorreassigningthestoragemediasuchasharddrivesandtapedrives
canbedoneeasily.
●Networkspeed,reliability,flexibility,scalabilityandsecuritycanbeoptimized
usingnetworkvirtualization.
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36. TypesofVirtualization:NetworkVirtualization
●Followingisacommonnetworkvirtualizationscenariosandexamples:
●Externalnetworkvirtualization:Inthissituation,toachievetheobjectiveof
improvingtheefficiencyofalargecorporatenetworkordatacentrebycombining
oneormorelocalnetworksorsubdividedintovirtualnetworks.
●Internalnetworkvirtualization:Asinglesystemisconfiguredwithcontainers
usingXen/KVMdomainandcombinedwithhypervisorcontrolprograms,for
example,VNIC(VirtualNetworkInterfaceCard)tocreatea‘networkinabox’.
ExamplesofinternalnetworkvirtualizationareNetworkStackproject,OpenSolaris
networkandMicrosoftvirtualserver.
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37. TypesofVirtualization:Storagevirtualization
●Storagevirtualizationisatypeofvirtualization,whereapoolofphysical
storagefromdifferentnetworkofstoragedevicesappearsasasingle
storagedevice.
●UsuallythiskindofvirtualizationisadoptedinSAN.
●Storagevirtualizationisadvantageousindisasterrecovery,business
continuity,lowerTCO,security,testinganddevelopment.
●Storagesystemsusevirtualizationconceptsforbetterfunctionality.
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38. TypesofVirtualization:Storagevirtualization
●Therearetwoprimarytypesofstoragevirtualizations:
1.Blockvirtualizationseparatesthelogicalandphysicalstorage.
●Thisgivesgreaterflexibilityfortheadministratorsinmanagingstoragefor
consumers.
2.Filevirtualization:Toeradicatethedependenciesbetweenthefactsand
numbersaccessedatthedocumentlevelandthepositionwherethe
documentsareretained.
●Thismethodoptimizesusageofstorageandserverconsolidation.
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39. Types ofVirtualization:Storage
virtualization
●Storagevirtualizationcontributeshighintrafficmirroring,and
migratesLUNsfromonediskarraytoanotherwithoutdowntime.
●storagevirtualizationisstructuredinthreeways:
●1.host-based2.storagedevice-based3.Network-based.
●1.Host-based:Traditionaldevicehandlesphysicaldrives.
●2.Storagedevice-based:Poolingandmanagingmetadata.
●3.Network-based:Devicewhichusesfibrechannel.
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40. TypesofVirtualization
●Desktopvirtualizationsupportsvariouscomputingsuchasutilityand
dynamism,testing,developmentandsecurity.
●Applicationvirtualizationallowsserverconsolidation,applicationand
desktopdeployment,andbusinesscontinuity.Apartfromthis,recovery
whendisaster,lowerTCOwithhigherROI,dynamiccomputing,testing
anddevelopmentarepossible.
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41. TypesofVirtualization
●Management virtualizationallowsvarietyoffeatureswhichareas
follows:serverconsolidation,centralizedpolicy-basedmanagement,
businesscontinuityanddisasterrecovery,lowerTCOwithhigherROI,
utilityanddynamiccomputing,testinganddevelopmentandsecurity.
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42. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software

43. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software
Avirtualizationarchitectureisaconceptualmodelspecifyingthe
arrangementandinterrelationshipsoftheparticularcomponents
involvedindeliveringavirtual--ratherthanphysical--versionof
something,suchasanoperatingsystem(OS),aserver,astorage
deviceornetworkresources.

44. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software

45. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software
Virtualizationiscommonlyhypervisor-based.Thehypervisor
operatingsystemsandapplicationsfromtheunderlying
isolates
computer
hardwaresothehostmachinecanrunmultiplevirtualmachines(VM)as
gueststhatsharethesystem'sphysicalcomputeresources,suchas
processorcycles,memoryspace,networkbandwidthandsoon.
Type1hypervisors,sometimescalledbare-metalhypervisors,run
directlyontopofthehostsystemhardware.Bare-metalhypervisorsoffer
highavailabilityandresourcemanagement.Theirdirectaccesstosystem
hardwareenablesbetterperformance,scalabilityandstability.Examples
oftype1hypervisorsincludeMicrosoftHyper-V,CitrixXenServerand
VMwareESXi.

46. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software
Atype2hypervisor,alsoknownasahostedhypervisor,isinstalledon
topofthehostoperatingsystem,ratherthansittingdirectlyontopofthe
hardwareasthetype1hypervisordoes.EachguestOSorVMruns
abovethehypervisor.TheconvenienceofaknownhostOScanease
systemconfigurationandmanagementtasks.However,theadditionofa
hostOSlayercanpotentiallylimitperformanceandexposepossibleOS
securityflaws.Examplesoftype2hypervisorsincludeVMware
Workstation,VirtualPCandOracleVMVirtualBox.

47. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software

48. VirtualizationArchitectureand Software
Themainalternativetohypervisor-basedvirtualizationis
containerization.Operatingsystemvirtualization,forexample,isa
container-basedkernelvirtualizationmethod.OSvirtualizationissimilar
topartitioning.Inthisarchitecture,anoperatingsystemisadaptedsoit
functionsasmultiple,discretesystems,makingitpossibletodeployand
rundistributedapplicationswithoutlaunchinganentireVMforeach
one.Instead,multipleisolatedsystems,calledcontainers,arerunona
singlecontrolhostandallaccessasinglekernel.

49. VirtualClusterinCloudComputing
Virtualclusterisamany-to-onevirtualizationtechnology,whichcanforma
routingsystemfrommultiplecommondevicesconnectedthroughaswitching
network,whileperformingthesameasasinglelogicalroutertoallexternal
appearances.
VirtualclustersarebuiltwithVMsinstalledatdistributedserversfromoneor
morephysicalclus-ters.TheVMsinavirtualclusterareinterconnected
logicallybyavirtualnetworkacrossseveralphysicalnetworks.Figure3.18
illustratestheconceptsofvirtualclustersandphysicalclusters.Eachvirtual
clusterisformedwithphysicalmachinesoraVMhostedbymultiplephysical
clusters.Thevirtualclusterboundariesareshownasdistinctboundaries

50. VirtualClusterinCloudComputing
TheprovisioningofVMstoavirtualclusterisdonedynamicallytohave
thefollowinginterest-ingproperties:
•Thevirtualclusternodescanbeeitherphysicalorvirtualmachines.
MultipleVMsrunningwithdifferentOSescanbedeployedonthesame
physicalnode.
•AVMrunswithaguestOS,whichisoftendifferentfromthehostOS,that
managestheresourcesinthephysicalmachine,wheretheVMisimplemented.
•ThepurposeofusingVMsistoconsolidatemultiplefunctionalitiesonthe
sameserver.Thiswillgreatlyenhanceserverutilizationandapplication
flexibility.
•VMscanbecolonized(replicated)inmultipleserversforthepurposeof
promotingdistributedparallelism,faulttolerance,anddisasterrecovery

51. VirtualClusterinCloudComputing
•Thesize(numberofnodes)ofavirtualclustercangroworshrinkdynamically,similar
to thewayanoverlaynetworkvariesinsizeinapeer-to-peer(P2P)network.
•ThefailureofanyphysicalnodesmaydisablesomeVMsinstalledonthefailing
nodes.ButthefailureofVMswillnotpulldownthehostsystem.

52. VirtualizationApplication
●Applicationvirtualizationisaterm,whichdescribesanewsoftware
technologyhasatechnicaledgeoverimprovingportability,compatibility
andmanageabilityofvariousapplicationsbyencapsulatingthemfrom
itsbaseOS,onwhichtheyareexecuted.
●TechnologyTypesUnderApplicationVirtualization
●1.Applicationstreaming
●2.Desktopvirtualization/virtualdesktopinfrastructure(VDI)
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53. VirtualizationApplication
●BenefitsofApplicationVirtualization
●Non-nativeapplicationscanbeexecuted(i.e.,windowsapplicationsinLinux)
●Protectionfortheoperatingsystem
●Lesserresourcesareused
●Abletorunapplicationswithbugs(i.e.,accessingread-onlysystemowned
locationforstoringuserdata)
●Incompatibleapplicationscanbeexecutedwithlesserregressiontesting
●Migrationofvariousoperatingsystemsissimplified
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54. VirtualizationApplication
●BenefitsofApplicationVirtualization
●Fasterapplicationdeploymentandon-demandapplicationstreaming
●Securityisimprovedasapplicationsareisolatedfromoperatingsystems
●Enterprisescaneasilytracklicenseusage
●Trackinglicenseusageisdoneeasilyforapplications
●Noneedtoinstalltheapplications,asitcanbeimportedfromportable
mediatoclientcomputers
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55. PitfallsofVirtualization
●Pitfallsofvirtualizationadoptionandstrategies
●PitfallsinServerVirtualization
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56. PitfallsofVirtualization
●Pitfallsofvirtualizationadoptionandstrategies
●Religiousbattles:Choosingplatformsbasedonrequirementsandstandards
thatcanbecreated.
●Myopicvirtualizationstrategy:Virtualizationbeginsinserverconsolidation.
Server,desktop,application,presentationandmanagementarethefivefacetsof
virtualization.
●Physicalcostrecoverymodels:Practicerealnumbersandresource-basedcost
recovery.Practiceabasebuildingblockasacostunitanddrivefromthatpoint.
●Physicalasset-basedsecurity:Virtualizationunlockssomenewsecurity
challenges.Atthesametime,italsoprovidessolutiontosomechallenges. 56
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57. PitfallsofVirtualization
●Pitfallsofvirtualizationadoptionandstrategies
●Over-virtualization:Virtualizingeverythingiswrong.Itisnoteverythingmustbe
virtualized.Virtualizationisnotashinygunshot.Virtualizationisattachedwitha
greatecosystem,appropriateoperationalprocessesandorganizationitself.
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58. PitfallsofVirtualization
❖PitfallsinServerVirtualization:Drwaback
❖Poorpreparation
❖Insufficientservercapacity:
❖Mismatchedservers:
❖Slownetworkcommunications:
❖Slowmechanicaldisks:
❖Unevenworkloaddistribution:
❖Securityrisks:
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59. VirtualizationinGrid
❖Virtualizationhelpstorunmultipleworkloadsinasinglemachinewithclear
distinctionbetweenthem.
❖Virtualizationintegrationandgridcomputingcanbeencouragedatvarious
levels.
1.GridComputingLevel
2.LRMSLevel
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60. VirtualizationinGrid
1.GridComputingLevel:
●ThegLiteMiddlewarehasstrongdependenciestoScientificLinuxasoperating
systemwhichisusedbytheLHC(LargeHadronCollider)ComputingGridHigh
EnergyPhysicsVirtualOrganizations(VO).
●ResourceproviderscansupporttheVOswithminimaleffortbyencapsulating
theGridMiddlewareintoavirtualappliance.
●GridMiddlewarescanbepackagedasvirtualappliancessimilartothegLite
Middleware.
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61. VirtualizationinGrid
2.LRMSLevel:
●Thekeyresearchworkingridcomputingistousevirtualizationinresource
managementsystemlocally.Whenvirtualizationisadoptedlocally,itsupportsjob
managementsandmigrationforvirtualmachinesinsteadofjobs.
●MergingtheabovementionedLRMSfeatures(suspension,checkpointing)with
migration,helpstheLRMSinvaryingthecurrentresourceallocationdynamically.
●Alterationofresources(e.g.numberofCPUs,RAM)allocatedtoavirtualmachineis
possible.
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62. VirtualizationinGrid
❖Figure9.1showsthearchitecture
developedfordynamicprovisioning
ofcomputationalservicesingrid.
❖Itexplains,howcomputational
servicescanbedeployedvirtuallyin
grid.
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63. VirtualizationinGrid
❖User’srequestsaresubmittedtoGridWay(meta-scheduler).
❖Dependingonthepolicies,SLAsandthegridload,aninfrastructuremanager
deploysitinworkernodes(VO-specific).
❖ThedeploymentoftheVMssupportingtheworkernodeisdonethroughthe
virtualworkspaceservice(VWS).
❖Whenworkernodeisup,itregisterstheinformationstoredininformationservice
(MDS).
❖NowGridWaycandetecttheslotandjobsaresubmittedthroughGRAM.
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64. VirtualizationinCloud
❖CloudcomputingandvirtualizationwillmodernizeITorganizations.
❖Bycombiningthem,companiescanruntheirapplicationswithouttheneedofrunning
updatesandbackups,astheyallwillbedonebytheprovider.
❖Virtualizationandcloudcomputingcangohandinhand.Virtualizingeverything
startedayearagowhenprocessingpower,softwareandserversarevirtualized.Now-a-
daysvirtualizationmeanscloudcomputing.
❖Cloudwasimplementedasoutsourcemodelfirstandthengraduallywasimplemented
withintheenterprisefirewallasanarchitecture.
❖virtualizationwasstartedwithinthelimitationsofenterprisefirewallandthenwas
operatedinhostedenvironments.
❖Cloudcomputingandvirtualizationaretwodifferenttechnologiesthatworkindependently.
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65. VirtualizationinCloud
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66. VirtualizationinCloud
●NeedofVirtualizationinCloudComputingorBenefitsofVirtualizationandCloud
Computing
●Cloudcomputinghastheabilitytodeliverresourcesondemand.Userscanchooseand
payfortheservicesconsumed.
●Acloudservicecanactasaninfrastructureforapplications,datastorageandasa
developmentplatformwhichcanbereceivedondemandfromtheprovider.
●Theprimarytechnologyincloudisvirtualization.
●Virtualizationhastheabilitytosavecostininfrastructure,isolatesOSandapplication
fromthehardware,whichcanbedeliveredasanondemandcloudservices.
●Virtualizationcanplayavitalroleincloudcomputing.
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67. VirtualizationandCloudSecurity.
●Securityinthecloudisachievedduetovirtualization.
●Sincevirtualizationcombinesallphysicalcomponentsasasingleunit,thecomplexity
ofmonitoringthesecomponentsismadeeasier.
●TrustzonesarecreatedandpersonalizedbytheITadministrator.
●Thesezoneswatchworkloadsintermsofinformation,applicationandendpoints.
●Zonescreatedarewatchedthroughthecloudbymeansofinfrastructurevirtualization.
●AutomatedSLAscanthenevaluateriskandinstigateremediationwhensecurity
troublesariseinstantaneously.
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68. AnatomyofCloudInfrastructure
oApplication
The uppermost layer is the application layer. In this layer, any application can be
executed.
oPlatform
This component comprises platforms that are in charge of the application's
execution. This platform bridges the gap between infrastructure and application.
oVirtualized Infrastructure
The infrastructure is made up of resources that the other components operate on.
This allows the user to perform computations.
oVisualization
Virtualization is the process of overlaying logical resource components on top of
physical resources. The infrastructure is made up of discrete and autonomous
logical components.
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69. AnatomyofCloudInfrastructure
o Server:
This is the physical component of the cloud provided by servers and storage units.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

70. VirtualInfrastructure
●Virtualizationabstractsservicesandphysicalresources.Itsimplifiesthejob
ofmanagingtheresourcesandoffersagreatflexibilityinresourceusage.
●Thevirtualmachine
●Providesanenvironmentwherenon-trustedapplicationscanberun
●Adoptsisolationtechniques
●Allowsdynamicdeploymentofapplication(portability)
●AppliedoptimizationinOS
●Managesasasingleservice
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

71. CPUVirtualization
●ForvirtualizingaCPU,thefollowingpointsaretoadhered:
●Privilegedinstructionsrunsonlyinprivilegedmode.
●Controlsensitiveinstructionsthattendtochangememorymappings,
communicatingwithotherdevices.
●Behavior-sensitiveinstructionsthattendtochangeresourceconfiguration.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

72. CPUVirtualization
❖ByadoptingCPUvirtualization,twoseparateCPUsresembleasingleCPU,
i.e.,twosystemsrunninginasinglesystem.
❖ThemainobjectiveofCPUvirtualizationistomakeaCPUfunctionsimilar
tothatoftwoseparateCPUs.
❖usercanruntwoOSinasinglesystem.
❖CPUvirtualizationallowstheuserstorundifferentoperatingsystems
simultaneously.Forexample,AppleMaccanbevirtualizedtorunWindows
aswell.
❖CPUvirtualizationisnotmultitaskingormulti-threading.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

73. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖NetworkVirtualization
❖Internalandexternalformat
❖Componentsofavirtualnetwork
➢StorageVirtualization:twotypesofstoragevirtualization:
➢blockvirtualizationandfilevirtualization.
➢BenefitsofStorageVirtualization
★UsingVirtualizationtoAchieveGreenDataCentres
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

74. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖NetworkVirtualization
❖Networkvirtualizationisamethodwhichcombinestheavailableresourcesby
splittingupthebandwidthintochannelsandassignedtodeviceoruserinreal
time.
❖Byadoptingnetworkvirtualization,managingthenetworkwillbeaneasierjob
andlesstime-consumingfornetworkadministrators.
❖Productivityandefficiencyareimprovedusingnetworkvirtualization.
❖Files,images,programsandfolderscanbemanagedcentrally.
❖Storagemediasuchasharddrivesandtapedrivescanbeadded,removedand
sharedeasily.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

75. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖NetworkVirtualization
❖Networkvirtualizationiscategorizedas:externalandinternal.
❖Externalformat:Inthisformat,multiplelocalnetworksarecombinedor
subdividedintovirtualnetworkstoimprovetheefficiency.VLANandnetwork
switcharethecomponentsofthisformat.
❖Internalformat:Inthisformat,asinglesystemisconfiguredwithcontainersor
hypervisors,suchastheXen/KVMdomaintocontrolVNIC.Byadoptingthis
format,overallefficiencyofasinglesystemisimprovedsinceapplicationsare
isolated.
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

76. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖NetworkVirtualization:Componentsofavirtualnetworkconsistsof:
❖Networkhardwarecomponentssuchasnetworkswitch,adapters(NIC)
❖Networkelementse.g.,firewalls
❖VLANsandVMs
❖Networkstoragedevices
❖Networkmobileelementse.g.,tablets,mobiles
❖Networkmediae.g.,ethernetcardsandfibrechannels
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

77. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖StorageVirtualization:
❖Storagevirtualizationisaconceptwherestoragedevicesarevirtualized.
❖Asaresultofthisconceptbetterfunctionality,propermaintenanceofstorage
devicesandefficientbackupprocedurescanbeachieved.
❖Astoragesystemisalsocalledasstoragearrayordiskarray.
❖Therearetwotypesofstoragevirtualization:blockvirtualizationandfile
virtualization.
❖Blockvirtualizationseparatesthelogicalstoragefromphysicalstorage.
❖Accessingcanbedonewithouttheknowledgeofwherethephysicalstorageis
locatedanditsnature(heterogeneous).
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

78. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
2.FilevirtualizationtakescareofNASbyeliminatingthedependencies
betweenfilelevelandthelocation.Duetofilevirtualization,optimizationof
storageandmigrationsofstoragedevicescanbedoneeasily.
❖BenefitsofStorageVirtualization
❖Non-disruptivedatamigration:Abilitytomigratedatawithoutdisturbingconcurrent
I/Oaccess.
❖Improvedutilization:Utilizationcanbeincreasedbypoolingandmigration.Whenall
storagemediaarepooled,theadministratorcaneasilymaintainthedevicesandalso
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

79. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖RisksandComplexitiesofStorageVirtualization
❖Risksinblockvirtualizationare:
❖Backingoutafailedimplementation
❖Interoperabilityandvendorsupport
❖Complexityaffectsseveralareas,theyare:
❖Managementofenvironment
❖Infrastructuredesign
❖Thesoftwareordeviceitself
❖Performanceandscalability
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

80. NetworkandStorageVirtualization.
❖UsingVirtualizationtoAchieveGreenDataCentres
❖Becauseofvirtualizationistoreducethehardwareandpowerconsumption.
❖Therearenumberofcostbenefitsinusingvirtualizationandadoptingto
greendatacentres.
❖Powerconsumptiontorunthesystemandtocoolit
❖Spaceforsystemsisreduced
❖Administrativework—managingthesystemswillbeeasier
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Subject:Cloud Computing:Unit-3:Virtualization in Cloud Computing

81. Define Virtualization? Explain different types of Virtualizations?
Discuss Virtualization in Grid and Virtualization in Cloud?
Differentiate between full and para virtualization?
Explain the functionality of hypervisor? What is typel and type 2
hypervisor?
Describe CPU, Network and Storage Virtualization?
Draw and Explain the Virtualization Architecture in detail?
Define Virtualization? Explain different types of Virtualizations?
Differentiate between Virtualization in Grid and Virtualization in Cloud?
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Question Based on Unit -3

82. 8282