Temperature-and-Its-Measurement.ppt/6th Science curiosity

Temperature and its Measurement
6th science curiosity

1. Temperature and Its
Measurement
Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is. This chapter explores
different ways to measure temperature using thermometers. We'll learn about
temperature scales and how to use clinical and laboratory thermometers
correctly.
by sandeep swamy

2. Hot or Cold?
Touch
We can feel if something is hot or cold
by touching it.
Unreliable
Our sense of touch is not always
accurate for temperature.
Thermometer
A thermometer gives a more reliable
measure of temperature.

3. Investigating Hot and Cold
1
Setup
Take three containers with warm, tap, and ice-cold water.
2
Predict
Predict how your hands will feel in each container.
3
Observe
Dip hands in containers and observe the sensations.
4
Compare
Compare observations with predictions.

4. Understanding Temperature
1
Definition
Temperature is a measure of
how hot or cold a body is.
2
Comparison
Temperature differences tell us
which body is hotter.
3
Measurement
A thermometer is a device that
measures temperature.

5. Types of Thermometers
Clinical Thermometer
Used to measure human body
temperature.
Laboratory Thermometer
Used for various scientific
measurements.
Digital Thermometer
Shows temperature readings
digitally, runs on batteries.

6. Clinical Thermometer
Purpose
Measures human body
temperature.
Scale
Uses Celsius scale,
denoted by °C.
Types
Digital thermometers are
replacing mercury
thermometers.
Safety
Digital thermometers pose
less risk than mercury ones.

7. Measuring Body Temperature
1
Prepare
Wash hands and thermometer tip with soap and water.
2
Reset
Press reset button on digital thermometer.
3
Measure
Place thermometer under tongue and close mouth.
4
Read
Wait for beep, then read temperature on digital display.

8. Normal Body Temperature
1
Average
Normal temperature of a healthy human is 37.0 °C.
2
Range
Normal temperature can vary slightly between
individuals.
3
Factors
Age, time of day, and activity level influence body
temperature.
4
Limits
Human temperature doesn't normally go below 35 °C
or above 42 °C.

9. Temperature Scales
Celsius
Used in most countries. 0°C is
freezing point of water.
Fahrenheit
Used in some countries. 32°F is
freezing point of water.
Kelvin
Used in scientific work. 0 K is
absolute zero.

10. Laboratory Thermometer
Structure
A long, narrow glass tube
with a liquid-filled bulb.
Scale
Celsius scale marked along
the tube.
Liquid
Contains alcohol (colored
red) or mercury.
Range
Typically from -10°C to
110°C.

11. Using a Laboratory Thermometer
Immerse
Dip thermometer bulb in
liquid without touching
container sides.
Position
Hold thermometer vertically,
not tilted.
Read
Read temperature while
thermometer is still
immersed.
Eye Level
Keep eye in line with liquid
column for accurate
reading.

12. Measuring Water Temperature
Setup
Take warm water in a
beaker.
Immerse
Dip thermometer bulb in
water.
Observe
Watch liquid column rise in
thermometer.
Record
Note temperature when
column stops rising.

13. Measuring Ice and Boiling
Water
Substance Temperature Observation
Ice 0°C Constant while
melting
Boiling Water 100°C Constant while
boiling

15. Air Temperature
Room Thermometers
Give approximate idea of
room temperature.
Weather Reports
Mention maximum and
minimum air temperatures.
Variation
Air temperature changes
daily and seasonally.
Importance
Air temperature is a key
weather parameter.

16. Anna Mani: Weather Woman
of India
1
Inventor
Invented many weather measurement instruments.
2
Impact
Reduced India's reliance on imported weather instruments.
3
Research
Explored wind and solar energy possibilities in India.
4
Legacy
Helped India become a leader in renewable energy.

17. Temperature Scales and Units
Scale Unit Symbol Water
Freezing
Point
Water
Boiling
Point
Celsius degree
Celsius
°C 0°C 100°C
Fahrenheit degree
Fahrenheit
°F 32°F 212°F
Kelvin kelvin K 273.15 K 373.15 K

18. Temperature Conversion
1
Celsius to Kelvin
K = °C + 273.15
2
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
3
Celsius to Fahrenheit
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

19. Extreme Temperatures
Hottest
Sun's core: 15 million °C. No upper limit to temperature.
Coldest
Absolute zero: -273.15 °C (0 K). Lowest possible
temperature.

20. Temperature Measurement
Precautions
1
Cleanliness
Wash thermometer tip with soap and water before and after use.
2
Handling
Do not hold thermometer by the tip.
3
Digital Care
Keep digital display away from water when washing.
4
Instructions
Read the thermometer's instruction manual before use.

21. Temperature in Daily Life
Health
Monitoring body temperature for fever detection.
Weather
Checking daily temperature for clothing choices.
Cooking
Measuring food temperature for safe cooking.
Industry
Controlling temperatures in manufacturing processes.