TERMINOLOGY.pptx

this is term used to microbiology in nursing

1. MICROBIOLOGY TERMINOLOGY BY MANOJ KUMARI

2. CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY USED IN MICROBIOLOGY INTRODUCTION:- This chapter helps in understanding the meaning of terminology used in microbiology which makes the study of microbiology easy.

3. A Acid-fast: A term applied to bacteria which retains a stain even though treated with acid and alcohol. Acquired immunity: Any type of immunity which is not inherited. Active immunity: The production of antibody by an individual. Aerobe: An organism that grows in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobe: An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. Antibody: A substance produced in an organism due to the presence of an antigen and characterized by reacting specifically with the antigen in some demonstrable way.

4. Antigen: Substance which, when introduced, causes the body to produce antibodies. Antiseptic: A chemical substance which prevents growth of bacteria. Antiserum: Blood serum that contains antibodies. Antitoxin: An antibody capable of uniting with and neutralizing a specific toxin. Aseptic technique: Precautionary measures taken to prevent contamination. Attenuated: A weakening; a reduction in virulence. Asepsis: A condition without infection. Autoinfection: Infection of one part of body by bacteria derived from some other part of the body.

5. B Bacillus (Plural-bacilli): Rod shaped bacterium. Bacteremia : A condition in which bacteria is present in blood stream but do not multiply there. Bactericide (bactericidal): An agent which kills bacteria. Bacteriostatic : Inhibiting the growth of bacteria without killing them. C Carrier: One who harbours a pathogen without any manifestations of infection. Capsule: An envelope or slime layer surrounding the cell wall of certain microorganisms. Chemotherapy: The treatment of disease by the use of chemicals.

6. Communicable: Capable of being transmitted from one person to another. Convalescent carrier: A carrier who harbours the organisms of a disease during recovery from the disease. Commensal : Natural microflora (different groups of microorganisms) present in host body without causing disease or any harm. Culture: A growth of microorganisms on nutrient medium, artificially or on living cells.

7. D Disinfectant: An agent which kills or destroys pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection: Is a process which kills or destroys pathogenic microorganisms. Droplet infection: The transmission of infection via minutes particles of sputum that have been disseminated into air by sneezing, coughing, talking, etc. Deodorant: A substance that destroys unpleasant odour . E Endemic: A disease prevalent in a particular area. Epidemic: A disease that attacks a large number of persons in a community at the same time

8. F Fumigation: Exposure to the fumes of a gas that destroys bacteria, vermin, etc. in a particular area e.g. O.T. Flagella (Single flagellum): Long hair like processes or structures which by their lashing activity cause the organisms to move. One or more flagella may be attached to one or both ends of organism or completely around it. Fomites : Nonliving substances other than food that may transmit infectious organisms, e.g. toys, pencils, etc. G Germicide: An agent that destroys germs

9. H Helminth : A worm that commonly act as intestinal parasite in humans. I Immune system: A system that provides resistance to a given infection. Immunity: Natural or acquired resistance to a disease Infection: Invasion of the body by pathogenic agent with their subsequent multiplication and the production of disease. M Microscope: An instrument used to observe microbes .

10. N Nosocomial infections: Infections acquired from hospital. O Opsonin : it is an antibody that renders microorganisms susceptible to ingestion by phagocytes. P Pandemic: A widespread epidemic disease, even of word wide extend Passive carrier: a carrier who harbors the causative agent of disease without having or had the disease. Passive immunity: Readymade antibodies are introduced in host's body in emergencies and host's body plays a passive role against infectious organisms.

11. Pasteurization: The process of heating a liquid food or beverage to a controlled temperature to enhance the quality and destroy harmful microorganisms. Pathogenic: Capable of causing disease. S Secondary infection: An infection which occurs during or immediately after another infection. Septicemia: The presence and active multiplication of bacteria in blood circulation. Sepsis: Poisoning by microbes or their products in host's body. Septic: Related to or caused by the presence of pathogenic organisms or their poisonous products. Sporadic: The infection that occurs separately or apart from others or its kind.

12. T Terminal disinfections: The complete disinfections of a unit after the patient has left. Toxin: An poisonous agent of plant, microorganisms or animal origin. Toxoid : Is a toxin that has been treated in such a manner that its toxic properties are destroyed but the antigenic properties remain same. For example. TT (Tetanus Toxoid ) and DT ( DiphtheriaToxoid )

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