Terminology used in microbiology.pptx

Terminology used in microbiology.pptx
This chapter helps in understanding the meaning of terminology used in microbiology which makes the study of microbiology easy.

1. Some Basic Terminology Used In Microbiology By Divya Chauhan

2. Some Basic Terminology Used In Microbiology Introduction:- This chapter helps in understanding the meaning of terminology used in microbiology which makes the study of microbiology easy.

3. Micro-organisms:- An organism of microscopic size. These organism can not be seen by naked eyes. ( eg :- virus, bacteria,fungi … etc ) Pathogen:- Any type of microorganisms which can cause infection or disease in host is called pathogens. Infection:- Infection occurs when viruses, bacteria, or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply.

4. Disease:- A disease is a condition that deteriorates the normal functioning of the cells, tissues and organs, that are characterized by their signs and Symptoms. Sign:- A medical sign is a physical response linked medical fact or characteristics that is detected by a physician, nurse, or medical device during the examination of a patient. Symptoms:- A symptom is a manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself.

5. Virulence:- The power of producing disease by an organism in a species. Bacteremia:- The presence of bacteria in the blood stream. Viremia :- The presence of virus in the blood stream.

6. Aerobic:- The organism which may survive in the presence of oxygen or free air, called aerobic. Obligate aerobes:- An organism that requires only oxygen to grow and survive. Facultative aerobes:- An organism that can survive in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic:- The organism which can survive in the absence of oxygen or free air, called anaerobic. Obligate anaerobes:- The organism that can grow and survive only in the absence of oxygen. Facultative anaerobes:- The organism which can survive in both oxygenated as well as the deoxygenated environment. Motile:- The ability of an organism to move independently. Non-motile:- Not able to move by itself .

7. Mesophilic:- An organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold (20-45°c) Thermophilic :- An organism that grows best at higher temperature (55-65°c, maximum 80°c) Capnophilic :- Capnophiles are microorganisms that grows in the presence of high concentration of carbon dioxide.(5-10%CO2) Halophilic:- Halophiles are microorganisms that requires certain concentration of salt to survive.

8. Commensal bacteria:- Those type of microbes that reside on either surface of the body or at mucosa without harming human health. Opportunistic pathogens:- Some commensals or saprophytes can produce disease, when host is immunocompromised. Antibiotic:- Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antiseptic:- An antiseptic is a substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptics are applied to external body surface.

9. Incubation period:- Taken time period to cause disease by bacteria in our body. Sterilization:- It is a process by which an article surface or medium is made free from all microorganisms either in vegitative form or spore form. Sterilant :- By which sterilization is done is known as sterilant . Disinfection:- disinfection means the destruction of all pathogens or microorganisms that are capable for producing infection but not necessarily spores. All organisms may not be killed but the number is reduces to a level that is no longer harmful to health.

10. Disinfectant:- By which disinfection is done is known as disinfectant. . (Disinfection is also used for living cells/tissues) Ingestion:- The process of taking food, drink, or another substances into the body by swallowing or absorbing it. Inhalation:- Inhalation comes from the verb inhale”to breathe in”. It is the process of drawing air or other gases into the respiratory tract, primarily for the purpose of breathing and oxygen exchange with in the body. Host:- The term host mainly refers to a living organism that acts as a harbour for invading pathogenic organism.

11. Vector:- A carrier of a disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual. Qualitative:- That measures the presence or absence of a substence , or evaluate cellular characteristics such as marphology .(can’t be counted) Quantitative:- Any information that can be quantified, counted or measured, and given a numerical value.