Terra AGR2200 digestive systems.ppt rnbreth

erbghr3egherh

1. Nutrition- the process by which animals Nutrition- the process by which animals
eat food and use it to live grow and eat food and use it to live grow and
reproduce.reproduce.

2. Digestive SystemDigestive System

Ruminant or polygastricRuminant or polygastric

monogastricmonogastric

Hind gut fermentorHind gut fermentor

Avian or poultryAvian or poultry

3. Ruminants (grazing herbivores)Ruminants (grazing herbivores)

4. Polygastric / ruminantPolygastric / ruminant

Have four stomach compartmentsHave four stomach compartments

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasumrumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

designed to digest roughagesdesigned to digest roughages

cattle, sheep, white tail deercattle, sheep, white tail deer

roughages- low quality feed that is high in roughages- low quality feed that is high in
fiber (50-60% digestible)fiber (50-60% digestible)

hay, silage, and pasturehay, silage, and pasture

Do not compete with people for food. Turn Do not compete with people for food. Turn
none productive plant material into human none productive plant material into human
food.food.

5. rumenrumen

Very large containerVery large container

holds 20+ gallons of water (indoor heated swimming holds 20+ gallons of water (indoor heated swimming
pool for microbes)pool for microbes)

neutral pHneutral pH

has live microbes inside to breakdown plant fiberhas live microbes inside to breakdown plant fiber

““chewing cud”-rechewing regurgitated food. Typically chewing cud”-rechewing regurgitated food. Typically
done while resting.done while resting.

Quantity of forage is more important than the quality of Quantity of forage is more important than the quality of
the forage. Give them lots of plant materialthe forage. Give them lots of plant material

Fermentation may cause bloating and can result in Fermentation may cause bloating and can result in
animal deathanimal death

6. Rumen contentsRumen contents

7. Polygastric / ruminantPolygastric / ruminant

Young animals need time to develop rumen activity Young animals need time to develop rumen activity
and should be fed similar to a monogastric until and should be fed similar to a monogastric until
they mature.they mature.

Feeding high quality “bypass rumen proteins” is Feeding high quality “bypass rumen proteins” is
critical for developing young animals as quickly as critical for developing young animals as quickly as
possible.possible.

Creating “scratch factor” improves rumen Creating “scratch factor” improves rumen
development. (cotton seed hulls and Brillo Pads)development. (cotton seed hulls and Brillo Pads)

Calves nurse and milk travels through esophageal Calves nurse and milk travels through esophageal
groove directly to abomasum bypassing the rumengroove directly to abomasum bypassing the rumen

8. Reticulum (honeycomb)Reticulum (honeycomb)

Often called “hardware” stomachOften called “hardware” stomach

catches foreign objects consumed by catches foreign objects consumed by
the animal.the animal.

Commonly contains wire, nails, screws, Commonly contains wire, nails, screws,
etc.etc.

Hardware Disease- foreign object pokes Hardware Disease- foreign object pokes
a hole in the digestive tract and cause a hole in the digestive tract and cause
terrible infection. (almost certain death)terrible infection. (almost certain death)

9. Hardware diseaseHardware disease

10. Preventing Hardware Preventing Hardware
DiseaseDisease

Keep pen / feed bunk / pasture cleanKeep pen / feed bunk / pasture clean

fix broken barns / gatesfix broken barns / gates

use a rumen magnetuse a rumen magnet

11. Omasum (many folds)Omasum (many folds)

Storage compartment for foodStorage compartment for food

Grinding action similar to gizzardGrinding action similar to gizzard

The true purpose of this The true purpose of this
compartment is still the topic of many compartment is still the topic of many
research experiments.research experiments.

Releases hydrochloric acid and Releases hydrochloric acid and
digestive enzymesdigestive enzymes

12. abomasumabomasum

Often called “true stomach”Often called “true stomach”

has acidic pHhas acidic pH

Secretes rennet which curds milk and Secretes rennet which curds milk and
is used to make cheeseis used to make cheese

13. Monogastric (omnivore)Monogastric (omnivore)

14. Monogastric digestionMonogastric digestion

Digests concentrates (80-90% Digests concentrates (80-90%
digestible)digestible)

High energy diet that is low in fiberHigh energy diet that is low in fiber

Cereal grains- corn, wheat, barley, oatsCereal grains- corn, wheat, barley, oats

Oil meals- SBM soybean meal ,linseed Oil meals- SBM soybean meal ,linseed
meal, cottonseed mealmeal, cottonseed meal

Pigs, human, dogs, and catsPigs, human, dogs, and cats

15. 
Food is swallowed whole – no teeth and no chewingFood is swallowed whole – no teeth and no chewing

Ingested food is stored in cropIngested food is stored in crop

Food goes to avian stomach called proventriculousFood goes to avian stomach called proventriculous

Ground up by gizzardGround up by gizzard

Gizzard full of sand/rocks/gritGizzard full of sand/rocks/grit

Small intestine absorb nutrientsSmall intestine absorb nutrients

Birds urinary tract is combines with intestine. The Birds urinary tract is combines with intestine. The
urinate and defecate at the same time. (cloaca)urinate and defecate at the same time. (cloaca)
Avian poultry digestionAvian poultry digestion

16. Hind gut fermenter (pseudo-Hind gut fermenter (pseudo-
ruminant)ruminant)

Consumes large quantities of foragesConsumes large quantities of forages

Horses, rabbits, rodentsHorses, rabbits, rodents

Fermentation takes place in the cecumFermentation takes place in the cecum

Do not have a compartmentalized Do not have a compartmentalized
stomachstomach

Cecum has entrance and exit on top side Cecum has entrance and exit on top side
of organ making it susceptible to of organ making it susceptible to
blockage resulting in “colic” blockage resulting in “colic”

17. General path through General path through
digestive tractdigestive tract

Mouth, teeth, salivaMouth, teeth, saliva

esophagusesophagus

stomach (digestion)stomach (digestion)

small intestine (absorption)small intestine (absorption)

large intestine or colonlarge intestine or colon

anusanus

18. Parts of the small intestineParts of the small intestine

Duedenum- first segment of small Duedenum- first segment of small
intestine where most digestion intestine where most digestion
occursoccurs

Jujunum- middle segment where Jujunum- middle segment where
absorption beginsabsorption begins

Ileum- final segment where most Ileum- final segment where most
nutrient absorption takes placenutrient absorption takes place

19. Digestive termsDigestive terms

Chyme- partially digested foodChyme- partially digested food

Mastication- chewingMastication- chewing

Rumination- chewing “cud”Rumination- chewing “cud”

Eructation- belchingEructation- belching

Peristalsis- swallowingPeristalsis- swallowing

Bloat- rumen fills with methane gasBloat- rumen fills with methane gas

Amino acid- building blocks of proteinsAmino acid- building blocks of proteins

20. Digestive terms continuedDigestive terms continued

Salivary glands- lubricates foodSalivary glands- lubricates food

Colic- digestive blockage in horse Colic- digestive blockage in horse
causes extreme pain and deathcauses extreme pain and death

Hydrochloric acid- primary digestive Hydrochloric acid- primary digestive
acidacid

Hardware disease- puncture wound in Hardware disease- puncture wound in
rumen causes serious infection (death)rumen causes serious infection (death)