The Art History of Ancient Rome. Ancient Greek Sculpture: The Art of Classical Greece.

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Art history is an interdisciplinary practice that analyzes the various factors—cultural, political, religious, economic or artistic—which contribute to visual appearance of a work of art.

Art historians employ a number of methods in their research into the ontology and history of objects.

Art historians often examine work in the context of its time. At best, this is done in a manner which respects its creator's motivations and imperatives; with consideration of the desires and prejudices of its patrons and sponsors; with a comparative analysis of themes and approaches of the creator's colleagues and teachers; and with consideration of iconography and symbolism. In short, this approach examines the work of art in the context of the world within which it was created. Symbolism in Ancient Egyptian Art.
The Art History of Ancient Rome.
Ancient Greek Sculpture: The Art of Classical Greece.
Primeval Musical Instruments in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.
Ancient Roman vs. ...
The Impact of the Mayan Civilization on Ancient Art and Culture.

1. ART HISTORY

Timeline

2. N

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How did it all start?

e Art began over 27,000 years ago
e As humans became smarter their imagination
and ability to create art increased
e Art can be broken up over the span of time into
eras and Movements:
o Pre-historic & Pre-Columbian
° Egyptian
° Greek, & Roman
° Medieval
° Renaissance & Baroque
° Modern
° Contemporary

3. Pre-Historic Art
Europe in 30,000 BC - 2,500 BC

« People live in caves &
survive by hunting and
gathering that gradually
evolve into learning how
to use tools to make

Caves of Lascaux

15,000 BC
things
u — < No organized government
Venus of Willendorf A u
F 24,000 - 22,000 BC or religion so art is made

for practical purposes to
help with hunt or please
natural forces

« Art is made from natural
resources like crushed
berries and rock and

Stonehenge sticks for brushes
000 BC

4. Egyptian a
“+ First civilization to develop
3 100 BC — 30 BC literature, science, mathematics

and large-scale, unified &
organized government
“ Led by a Pharaoh whom all
artwork was created for & about
“+ Egyptians were religious believing
in many gods, the after life, and
specific practices preparing and
caring for the dead
“* Sculpture and Paintings are more
realistic than pre-historic art, but
remain simplistic and distorted
using odd figural juxtapositions
Massive architectural monuments
were built in the form of
Pyramids to serve as a tomb for
the Pharaoh

Book of the Dead
3100 BCE - 30 BCE

Nefertiti Bust
1345 BCE

Great Sphinx of Giza,
2558 - 2532 BC

5. à

Greek

LE
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)
A A

z

Nefertiti Bust
1345 BCE

7

Nefertiti Bust
1345 BCE

Nefertiti Bust

| 850 BC — 31 BC

First glimpse at high realism in art
Perfection in art is more important
that portraying reality

Symmetry in sculptural work is
crucial to the Greeks

Temples are created to pay tribute
to Gods and Goddesses
Ceiling-less architecture is more
about the attributed God or
Goddess rather than cover from
the elements

Clay vessels are created for
function, story telling and aesthetics
Very few Greek artworks remain
due to the Romans wiping out
much of the Greek Culture

6. The Colosseum
70-80AD

Paintings inside
Villa of Mysteries
in Pompeii
79 AD

.
ate

Heavily influenced by the Greek
era

Roman art is more functional
than religious and celebrates
the Empire and Emperor

The Romans developed many
advanced architectural features
such as the “aqueduct” vaulted
ceilings and domes made
possible by their development
of concrete

Realism is more important than
perfection figures are sculpted
and painted to looks as they do
in reality

Paintings and other artworks
are no longer intact or even
remain due to the fall of Rome

Augustus of Prima Porta
ISAD.

7. “Pre-Columbian
| | 30,000 BC - 1,600 CE

Nigerian Sculpture
500BC - AD500

Native American Pottery
1,000 BCE - 1492 CE

Mayan Temples
250- 900 CE

e
.

‚Africa, North America, South
and Central America were
inhabited with Natives pre-
European conquest.

Native American populations
in all three Americas dwindled
and were extinguished due to
European disease, massacres
and territorial wars in which
the Europeans succeeded in
expanding its civilization into
the current Americas.

The Africa’s separated into
countries and was able to
maintain many tribal
communities while other
parts were colonized by the
Europeans much like in the
‚Americas.

8. Medieval
| 500 — 1400

Illuminated Letter & Manuscripts
400 — 600

Cathedral Stained Glass Windows
500 — 1400

Giotto di Bondone Ognissanti Madonna,
1310

pa

Considered “The Dark Ages”
Most common people were
illiterate so artwork took
the place of words in books
and windows of cathedrals
Very futile time — most
artwork didn’t survive and
those that did were religious
in nature preserved by the
church

Figures in painting and
sculpture begin to approach
realism with slightly
distorted proportions and
lack of value

9. / Renaissance
| | 1400 — 1500

David
Michelangelo
1501-04

The Mona Lisa
Leonardo Da Vinci
1503-06

The Tribute Money
Masaccio
1425

2,
«e

Ca

2
*

A rebirth of art after the dark
and depressing “dark ages”

Art is Primarily religious in
nature that starts off flat,
unrealistic disproportionate
figures to later evolve into highly
realistic proportion figures
Tempera is used initially in
painting until Oil paint is
developed later heightening the
realism and color quality that
artist can generate

Birth of the “Triangle
Composition,” “Perspective,” &
“Self Portraiture”

10. E Baroque
1 1600 - 1750

The Conversion of St. Paul
Caravaggio
1600-01

fo

e

e
+

The Kitchen Maid
Johannes Vermeer

The Garden of Love
Rubens
1633

Mainly in Europe

Oil Paint is used to create
dramatic imagery using
high contrast in lights and
darks called ”chiaroscuro”
Eventually moves into a
very frilly and ornate
style called Rococo
Subject matter is
generally of a religious
nature or portraits of the
wealthy

11. E Impressionism
i France, 1865 — 1885

Ry

Children Playing at the Beach «< Started in France

Mary Ca: ¿ a a
ees “ Light and visual sensation
The Star are more important
Re realism
1876-77

“= Thick, loose brush
strokes are used to
capture the life and light
of a scene, situation or
object

Grainstack
Claude Monet
1890

12. 7" | Post-Impressionism

date] France, 1885 — 1910

Café Terrace at Night
Vincent Van Gogh
1888

fh

À At the Moulin Rouge
Lautrec
1892-95

Cezanne
895-1900

Still Life with Skull

e
*

e
5

”

eS
*

Started in France

Uses thick textural
applications of paint
Color choices are brighter
and bolder than that of
Impressionism

The simplification and
exaggeration of color and
shape begin here creating
a path for “Expressionism”
to take place next

13. (A Expressionism
| | Germany, 1900 — 1935

The Yellow Cow “ Started in Germany and
où ns moved into France
(Fauvism)Conveys feeling
and emotion rather than
direct representations of
reality
“Use violent and harsh
elements like line, shape
Land Village and color to convey mood
FRERE “ This way of using the
elements and principles
was a reaction against
traditional art methods and
become a vehicle for social
truth and bitterness after
WWI

The Scream
Edvard Munch
1893

14. / | Cubism
| 1905 - 1920
I

“ Started in France
“Influenced by tribal art of

House at L'Estaque rica
= = Afi
= er : 2
ee “Analytic Cubism:
Showing a subject by

spreading out pieces

across the canvas
“Synthetic Cubism:
Showing a subject’s
different sides/angles
from different viewpoints
or distance.
Cubism uses simplified
shapes, colors, patterns
and lines to show the
figure, and everyday
scenes and objects.

Still Life with Checked Table Cloth
Juan Gris

e

e

Guernica
Pablo Picasso
1937

15. ZE. Surrealism

The Two Fridas
Frida Kahlo
1939

Time Transfixed
Rene Magritte
1938

The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali
1931

Started in France and
spread across the globe
Expresses the imagination
and dream like states
using realistic & unrealistic
art techniques

Art that is free from
conscious control or
hallucinatory scenes that
defy common sense are
more important than
depicting reality
accurately

16. Composition VIII
Wassily Kandinsky
1983

No. 10
Mark Rothko
1950

Autumn Rhythm
Jackson Pollock
1950

** Started in the US — New
York, East Hampton

Relied on Instinct, action
and art materials

The technique in using art
materials is more important
than the concept

fe

“

se

e

Question:

What type of art is an artist
creating when they focus on
elements and principles not
subject matter?

Answer:
Formalism

17. 1969

Hopeless
Roy Lichtenstein
1963

Lipstick (Ascending) on
Caterpillar Tracks

Claus Oldenbuerg

Marilyns
Andy Warhol

+,
*

+,
+

e
ae

Ry
+

Started in England & US

A reaction to Mass Media

- TY, radio, magazines & pop
culture in general

Used a lot of symbolism,
simplistic compositions,
repurposing of materials.
The social message was
more important than the art
process

Question:
What type of sculptural art can
be seen from all sides?

Answer:
In-the-round