THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES OF INDIA..ppttxx

This presentation is based on "Biogeographical Zones of India.".

1. BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES OF INDIA Submitted by: Ayush Kumar M.Sc Environmental Sciences (Ecological Sciences) 1st Semester

2. INTRODUCTION India is one of the 12th Mega diverse regions of world. (Mexico, Columbia, Madagascar, Ecuador, Cameroon, Peru, Brazil, Jaira , China, Malaysia, Indonesia and India). India can be conveniently divided into ten major regions based on geography, climate and pattern of vegetation seen and the communities of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and other invertebrates that live in them. Each of these regions contains a variety of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, lakes, rivers, wetlands, mountains and hills which have specific plants and animal species.

3. The 10 bio-geographic zones distinguished clearly in India and each harbour its own assemblage of animal and plant communities. These 10 zones described below:

4. BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES IN INDIA 1. Trans- Himalayan High altitude cold and arid areas of Ladakh, Kashmir, Lahul-Spiti & North Sikkim. Wild sheep and goat communities. Rare fauna – snow leopard, black necked crane. Figure: Uncia uncia (Snow Leopard) Figure: Impatiens glandulifera ( Himalayan Balsam )

5. 2. Himalayan Richest areas of species diversity Alpine, sub alpine, large meadows, moist mixed deciduous forests Bharal, Ibex, Himalayan Thar, Takin, Markhor Rare – Hangul, Musk Deer One province in east Himalayas - Hot Spot Figure: J. Goodrich Figure: Steve George

6. 3 . The Indian Desert Thar desert – Gujarat & West Rajasthan Extensive grasslands and scrub Hot & arid condition Rich desert flora & faunal diversity Wolf, Caracal, Great Indian Bustard Figure: Gazella bennettii (Chinkara) Figure: Acacia nilotica (Babul)

7. 4. Semi-Arid Zones Transition Zone Between Desert And Western Ghats Gujarat Axis Deer , Lion,sambhar , Caracal , Etc Figure: Panthera leo persica (Asiatic Lion) Figure: Anogeissues latifolia ( dhaora )

8. 5. The Western Ghats 1600 kms Tapti River, Gujarat to Kanyakumari Biodiversity hotspot Species richness and endemism Figure: Macaca silenus (Lion-tailed Macaque) Figure: Evergreen forest

9. 6. The Deccan Peninsula Semi Arid Region In Rain Shadow region Of Western Ghats Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa Deciduous Forests Gaur, Axis Deer, Sambar Deer, Barking Deer, Chousingh Figure: Elephas maximus (Asian Elephant) Figure: Tectona grandis (Teak Forest)

10. 7. The Gangetic plain A flat alluvial plains Rhino, elephant, swamp deer, hog deer Figure: Rhinoceros unicornis (Rhinoceros) Figure: Shorea robusta (Sal) Figure: Indo-Gangetic plains of India

11. 8. Coasts East coast & West coast 7516 kms West Coast – Malabar coast, Konkan coast East Coast – Coramandel Coast, Northern Circas Figure:: Sousa teuszii (Hump-back dolphin) Figure: Mangrove forest

12. 9. North-East 17% Forest Cover Of India 50% Of Vascular Plant Species Rich Species Diversity Of Fauna Figure: Mangrove forest Figure: Sousa teuszii (Hump-back dolphin)

13. 10. The Islands Two Types – Coralline Islands – Lakshadweep Islands Submerged Islands – Mountain Tops With Tropical Forests – Andaman Nicobar Islands Floral And Faunal Diversity Figure: Coral community Figure: Dipterocarpus turbinatus (Garjan)