THE-BIOLOGY-OF-PSYCHOCTIVE-SUBSTANCE.pptx

Biology of psycho active substances

1. THE BIOLOGY OF PSYCHOCTIVE SUBSTANCE

2. Psychoactive drugs are substances that change the function of the brain and result in alterations in mood, thinking, perception, and/or behavior. Some common example examples of drugs include caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, LSD, tobacco, morphine, codeine, cocaine, and opioids. Psychoactive drugs may be legal prescription medications (e.g. codeine and morphine), legal nonprescription drugs (e.g. alcohol and tobacco), or illegal drugs (cocaine and LSD).

3. Three Categories of “psychoactive” prescription drugs

4. Narcotic pain medications (opioids) a re prescribed to manage chronic or severe pain. Central nervous system (CNS) depressants are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety and acute stress reaction, panic attacks, and sleep disorders. CNS stimulants are prescribe to treat conditions such as attention deficit Disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

5. BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DRUG USE AND ABUSE

6. TEENS -who use drugs may act out and may do poorly in school or drop out. ADULTS who use drugs can have a problem thinking clearly, remembering and paying attention PARENTS drug use can mean chaotic, stress-filled homes, as well as child abuse and neglect.

7. BABIE’S exposed to drugs in the womb may be born premature and underweight.

8. Mechanisms of Action

9. AGONISTS -are drugs that increase the activity of particular neurotransmitters. They might act by promoting the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, reducing their reuptake from synapses, or mimicking their action by binding to receptors for the neurotransmitter. ANTAGONISTS -are drugs that decrease the activity of particular neurotransmitters. They might be act by interfering with the synthesis of the neurotransmitter or by blocking their receptors so the neurotransmitter cannot bind them.

10. USES OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

11. MEDICAL USES Medical uses of psychoactive drugs include generation anesthesia, in which pain is blocked and unconsciousness is induced. General anesthetics are most often use during surgical procedures and may be administered in gaseous form.

12. RECREATIONAL USES The recreational use of psychoactive drugs generally has the purpose of altering one’s consciousness and creating a feeling of euphoria commonly called “high”. Some of the drugs used most commonly for recreational purposes include cannabis, ethanol, opioids, and stimulants such as nicotine.

13. ADDICTION, DEPENDENCE ,AND REHABILITATION

14. ADDICTION refers to the compulsive use of a drug despite negative consequences that such use may entail. Sustained use of an addiction drug may produce dependence on the drug. DEPENDENCE is a condition where a person becomes addicted to drugs and feels like they need them in order to function normally.

15. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE means that the body has become used to having the drug in it system, so if you suddenly stop taking it, your body will react with physical symptoms like shaking, pain, seizures or trouble sleeping – this called withdrawal. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE means that your mind has become addicted to the feeling you get from using the drug. If you try to stop using it after being dependent, you might feel anxious or depressed because your brain is used to getting those good feelings from the drug. In some cases, people may even experience hallucinations or paranoia as part of their withdrawal symptoms.

16. REHABILITATION FOR DRUG ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE typically involves psychotherapy, which may include both individual and group therapy. There are also organizations, like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) that can be helpful for those trying to recover from addiction. These groups describe themselves as international mutual aid fellowships with the main goal of supporting addicts in achieving and maintaining sobriety.