The Biomolecules: Lipids ( Fats and Oils )

Lipids and its main functions and structures

1. Dear God, thank you for this day. Please
enlighten our mind to focus on this
session, to be mindful and present, to
learn with excellence and to be a model
of honesty and love. Keep the spirit of
gratitude within us. Help us hold on to
the values we cherish. This we pray in the
name of Jesus. AMEN

3. Class Rules:
Raise your hand if you have
an answer or question.
Respect everyone.
Keep your space tidy.

5. Two Main Types of Carbohydrates
Simple Sugar Complex Sugar
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
PolysaccharideOligosaccharide
Structural Storage

6. T R _ N S L _ C _ NT

7. T R A N S L U C E N T Permitting the passage
of light

8. H _ D R _ P H O _ I C

9. H Y D R O P H O B I C something repels
water or has a lack of
affinity for water.

10. H _ D R _ P H I L I _

11. H Y D R O P H I L I C having an affinity for
water, or being water-
loving.

12. Leaving a Mark Behind
Objective: To test the presence of Lipids
on food samples.
Materials: Test tubes, Piece of paper, Egg
yolk, Cooking oil, Margarine, Rice, Banana,
and water
Procedure: On a piece of paper place a
small drop of each food sample to dry.
Observe which material leaves a
translucent mark on the paper.

13. Egg Cooking oil Alcohol
WatterRice Banana Margarine Egg Yolk

14. Food
Samples
With or w/o
transparent
mark (✓, X)
1. Egg yolk
2. Cooking oil
3. Margarine
4. Rice
5. Banana
6. Water
7. Alcohol
Guide Questions:
1.) Which materials left a
translucent mark on the
paper?
2.)What does the translucent
mark on the paper indicate?

15. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Describe the composition, structure, and types
of lipids
Cite different functions of lipids
Perform simple activity to test the presence of
lipids.
Instill the value of health awareness.
Get at least 3 correct answers out of 5-item
test.

16. LIPIDS

19. GROUP PRESENTATION

20. Made of fatty acid Composed of C, H, O
Long term energy
storage
Lubrication, Insulation
and protection
Component of
Cell membrane
Hormone
precursor
Triglycerides Phospholipid Waxes Steroids
Hydrophobic
and insoluble
in water that
are composed
of four fused
rings
made of long
chain of
alcohol
and a fatty acid
Used for
protection
consists of two
hydrophobic fatty
acid "tails"and a
hydrophilic
"head" consisting
of aphosphate
group
made of 1 glycerol
and 3 fatty acids
Formed by
dehydration
synthesis (removal
of water molecule)

21. Lipids
Lipids are not polymers as they are not made of
repeating monomer units.
Insoluble in water but soluble in less polar organic
solvents, e.g., ethanol.

22. Lipids: Functions
Lipids (fats and oils) are known as stored-energy
molecules.
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (less than
carbohydrate)
They are HYDROPHOBIC
Water Fear of

23. Lipids: Functions
Fat tissue cushions our organs to prevent harm and
serves as insulation to assist in the control of body
temperature.

24. CLASSFICATION OF LIPIDS

25. Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
Derived Lipids

26. Simple Lipids
Simple lipids, aka Homolipids, are a class of lipids
characterized as a group made up of fatty acids with
various alcohols.
(Glycerol being the most common alcohol involved)

27. Triglycerides
Triglycerides are made up of 3 units known as fatty
acids and 1 unit called glycerol (Backbone).

28. Triglycerides
Triglycerides are also a type of
lipids that can be seen in our
blood.

30. Waxes
Waxes are “esters” made of long alcohols and long-
chain alcohol and a fatty acid.
Waxes are lipids that protect plants and animals from
water loss and environmental stressors.

32. Examples of Waxes:

33. Compound Lipids
Compound lipids, aka Heterolipids, are a group of fatty
acids with alcohol compounds together with additional
functional groups.
(Additional functional groups like carbohydrate and
phosphate group)

34. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

It is similar to triglyceride, the only difference is that it contains
phosphorus.
A major component of all cell membranes.
They form lipid bilayers, consisting of two hydrophobic fatty
acid "tails" and a hydrophilic "head" consisting of a phosphate
group.

35. PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Loving
HYDROPHILIC
Water

36. GLYCOLIPIDS

A compound lipid containing carbohydrate with a sphingosine
backbone and a long-chain fatty acid.
Sphingosine is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an
unsaturated hydrocarbon chain found in cell membrane.
Maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate
cellular recognition.

37. GLYCOLIPIDS

38. LIPOPROTEINS

A round complex lipid particle primarily cholesterol,
triglyceride, and phospholipid with protein complex.
Lipoprotein travels in the bloodstream delivering lipids to cells
throughout the body.
Different types of lipoproteins, such as chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL,
and HDL, have varying ratios of lipids to proteins, which affects
their density and function.

39. LIPOPROTEINS

40. Derived Lipids
Derived lipids are those which are obtained from
hydrolisys of simple or compund lipids.

41. Steroids

45. Fatty Acids
Long hydrocarbon chains with carboxylic group in the end.
Fatty acids are components of triglycerides and
phospholipids.
Fatty acids can be classified based on the degree of
saturation; based on the number of double bonds of
hydrogen.

46. Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
All carbons are attached to hydrogen.
No double bonds.

47. Saturated Fat
Are solid at room temperature.

48. Fatty Acids
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Not all carbons are attached to hydrogen.
Has double bonds.

49. Unsaturated Fat
They are liquid in form.

50. Fatty Acids
Trans Fatty Acids
All Trans-fat are UNSATURATED FATS but
differ in structure.
Has double bond which is called chair
configuration.
Examples are vegetable shortening and
reused oil.

51. Fatty Acids
Healthy Fats
Unsaturated fats,
particularly
monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fats, are
generally considered
healthier.
Unhealthy Fats
Saturated fats
and trans fats can
contribute to
health problems
such as heart
disease.

52. Glycerol
A three-carbon alcohol with three
hydroxyl groups (-OH), serving as the
backbone for many lipids.
Glycerol acts as the backbone for
triglycerides. When triglycerides are
broken down through hydrolysis, glycerol
is released

53. Sterol
Steroids are found in the cell membrane, where they
influence the membrane’s fluidity.
One key steroid in cell membranes is cholesterol.
Our bodies possess chemical messengers known as
hormones.
Examples include testosterone, estrogen, and
cortisol.

54. Steroid
Cholesterol
Considered as the major sterol, because it is a
precursor to both steroid hormones like estrogen
and testosterone, and bile acids.
Reproductive Hormones
Estrogen and testosterone are essential sex
hormones, crucial for reproductive health and
development in both males and females.

55. Steroid
Bile Acids
Bile acids, derived from cholesterol, play a vital role in the
digestion of fats by emulsifying them into smaller droplets,
allowing enzymes to break them down more efficiently.
Vitamin D
it plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus
levels in the body, which is essential for bone health, but its
functions extend to immune regulation, cardiovascular
health, and potentially cancer prevention.

57. To find out the types and amounts of
fat in foods, read the labels.

58. Nutrition Facts:

59. What are ways to reduce/prevent the
following:
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Obesity

60. Made of fatty acid Composed of C, H, O
Long term energy
storage
Lubrication, Insulation
and protection
Component of
Cell membrane
Hormone
precursor
Triglycerides Phospholipid Waxes Steroids
Hydrophobic
and insoluble
in water that
are composed
of four fused
rings
made of long
chain of
alcohol
and a fatty acid
Used for
protection
consists of two
hydrophobic fatty
acid "tails"and a
hydrophilic
"head" consisting
of aphosphate
group
made of 1 glycerol
and 3 fatty acids
Formed by
dehydration
synthesis (removal
of water molecule)

61. Short Quiz
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the primary function of fats in the human
body?
A) To provide immediate energy
B) To store and transport vitamins
C) To regulate blood sugar levels
D) To insulate and protect organs

62. Short Quiz
2. Which of the following is an example of a saturated
fat?
A) Olive oil B) Butter C) Avocado oil D) Fish oil
3. Which of the following includes a non-liquid?
A) Triglyceride, Wax B) Steroid, Phospholipid
C) Fats, Milk, Starch D) Triglyceride, Phospholipid

63. Short Quiz
4. Which of the following is the building block of Lipids?
A) Monosaccharide B) Saturated Fats
C) Phospholipids D) Fatty Acids
5. Made up of 3 units known as fatty acids and 1 unit
called glycerol.
A) Triglycerides B) Phospholipids C) Cholesterol
D) Fatty acids

64. ANSWERS:
1. D.
2. B.
3. C.
4. D.
5 A.