The Brachium by Shapi.pdf

A well summarized presentation on the Basics in the science of the Human Anatomy that'll effectively deliver information in an incredibly remarkable way to the reader.

1. ANATOMY
•GROSS ANATOMY
•UPPER LIMB
•THEBRACHIUM
•Dr.ChongoShapi(BSc. HB, MBChB)
•MedicalDoctor
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2. Bony landmarks
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5. FASCIAL SEPTA
•Divides arm into anterior and posterior
compartments.
•Medial Intermuscular Septum: From
subcutaneous sheath to humerus.
Separates muscles of anterior arm from
medial side of triceps complex.
•Lateral Intermuscular Septum: From
subcutaneous sheath to humerus.
Separates muscles of anterior arm from
lateral side of triceps complex.
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9. ANTERIOR BRACHIAL
COMPARTMENT
•Components:
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
•Function:
Forearm flexors
Biceps also
supinates forearm
•Vascularization:
Brachial artery, Basilic
vein and venae
comitantes
•Innervation and
functional neurological
level:
Musculocutaneous
nerve
C5-6
•Nerves passing through
compartment (not
innervating anterior
compartment
structures):
Median nerve.
Ulnar nerve:
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11. POSTERIOR BRACHIAL
COMPARTMENT
•Components:
Triceps brachii.
Anconeus.
•Function:
Forearm
extensors.
Long head of
triceps can extend
shoulder (brachium).
Synergists in
forearm supination.
•Innervation and
functional
neurological level:
Radial nerve
C7
•Vascular supply to
compartment:
Deep brachial artery
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12. Coracobrachialis
•ORIGIN
Apex of coracoid process of
scapula
•INSERTION
Medial surface of middle of
shaft of humerus, opposite
deltoid tuberosity
•ACTION
Flexes and adducts the
shoulder
•NERVE
Musculocutaneous -C6, 7
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13. BICEPS BRACHII
•ORIGIN
Short head: apex of coracoid process of
scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
(just above the fossa)
•INSERTION
Short, long heads: tuberosity of radius, and
aponeurosis of biceps brachii (laterous
fibrosus)
•ACTION
Flexes the shoulder joint, and the long head
may assist abduction if the humerus is
laterally rotated.
With the origin fixed: flexes the elbow,
moving forearm towards the humerus and
supinates forearm
With insertion fixed: flexes the elbow joint
moving the humerus toward the forearm as in
pull-up or chinning exercises
•NERVE
musculocutaneous nerve -C5, C6
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14. BRACHIALIS
•ORIGIN
Humerus-distal 1/2, anterior
surface of humerus, and medial
and lateral intermuscular septa
•INSERTION
Ulna -coronoid process, ulnar
tuberosity
•ACTION
With origin fixed: flexes the elbow
joint moving the forearm toward the
humerus
With insertion fixed: flexes the
elbow joint moving the humerus
toward the forearm as in pull-up or
chinning exercises.
•NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve + a small
branch of radial nerve -C5, C6
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15. TRICEPS
•ORIGIN
–long head: scapula -infraglenoid
tubercle
–lateral head: humerus -lateral and
posterior surfaces of proximal 1/2 of
humerus; and lateral intermuscular
septum
–medial head: humerus -distal 2/3 of
medial and posterior surfaces of
humerus below the radial groove, and
from medial intermuscular septum
•INSERTION
Ulna -posterior surface olecranon
process; antebrachial fascia
•ACTION
Extends the elbow joint; long head
also assistin abduction and
extension of the shoulder joint
•NERVE
Radial nerve -C6,C7, C8, T116/11/2022 Dr. Chongo Shapi, BSc. HB,
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16. ANCONEUS
•ORIGIN
Humerus-lateral epicondyle; on
posterior surface
•INSERTION
Ulna -olecranon process, on lateral
side; & proximal 1/4 of ulna, posterior
surface
•ACTION
Extends the elbow joint, and may
stabilize the ulna during pronation and
supination
•NERVE
Radial nerve -C7, C8, T1
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20. CUTANEOUS NERVES AND
DERMATOMES
•Medial brachial cutaneous nerve: Middle of arm
-medial side -to skin over olecranon
•Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: Appears
just inferior to medial brachial nerve on medial
arm, splits:
a.Anterior branch -Skin of anteromedial
forearm.
b.Posterior branch -Skin of posteromedial
forearm.
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21. CUTANEOUS NERVES AND
DERMATOMES
•Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve:
Continuation of musculocutaneous
-Appears just above inside of elbow, near
cephalic vein
-To skin of lateral & anterolateral forearm
-Also has anterior & posterior branches
•Superior lateral brachial cutaneous
nerve -A branch off the axillary nerve
-to skin over inferior half of deltoid
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23. CUTANEOUS NERVES/DERMATOMES
•Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve -
Branches off the radial nerve up in the axilla
-to skin on dorsal arm inferior to deltoid
•Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve =
Superior terminal branch -of radial nerve
-a small branch ~2 inches above lateral
epicondyle
-to skin of lower lateral & anterolateral arm
•Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve =
inferior terminal branch of radial nerve
-large -appears just below, posterior to lateral
epicondyle
-to skin on dorsal, lateral forearm
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24. CUTANEOUS NERVES AND
DERMATOMES
•Superficial radial nerve
-lateral border, distal forearm, just proximal to
wrist
-from under lateral border of brachioradialis
-innervates skin on lateral dorsum of hand,
thumb, proximal 2/3 of 1st 2-3 fingers
(lateral side of middle or ring finger)
•Posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve:
-medial border, distal forearm, just proximal to
wrist
-innervates skin on medial dorsum of hand, last 2
fingers (medial side of ring finger)
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26. ARTERIES
•Brachial artery: extension/continuation of axillary
artery, splits into two terminal branches (radial and
ulnar)
•Branches
–Profunda brachii artery ('deep'): largest, most
superior branch; follows radial nerve
-posterior descending branch (splits into radial
collateral artery and middle collateral artery)
–Two ulnar collateral arteries: branch off brachial
below profunda & above elbow
-superior ulnar collateral: mid-arm; follows ulnar
nerve post. to medial epicondyle
-inferior ulnar collateral: from ~2 in. proximal to
elbow, anterior to medial epicondyle
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27. ARTERIESCONT’
•Radial artery: lateral, anterior to elbow, crosses
anterior to biceps tendon & supinator muscle;
overlapped bybrachioradialismuscle
–radial recurrent: a branch toward lateral
epicondyle, anastomoses with profundabranch
•Ulnar artery: medial, anterior to elbow, goes deep to
pronator teresmuscle
–anterior ulnar recurrent
–posterior ulnar recurrent
–common interosseousartery -divides into anterior
and posterior interosseousarteries (interosseous
recurrent artery --branch off posterior
interosseousor common interosseousartery)
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31. VEINS
•Cephalic vein: Lateral (radial side) -all the
way from wrist to deltopectoral groove, to
axillary vein
•Basilic vein: Medial (ulnar side) -goes
deep, joins venae comitantes(deep) &
brachial artery
•Median cubital vein: Crosses over,
connects cephalic with basilic -common site
for drawing blood
•Dorsal venous arch: Back of hand -often
used for an IV
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35. ANASTOMOSES
•Collateral elbow circulation -Is created
by anastomoses between recurrents&
collaterals: including: radial recurrent;
ulnar recurrents(anterior & posterior)
ulnar collaterals (superior & inferior),
recurrent interosseous and descending
branch of profunda brachii
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36. APPLIED ANATOMY
•Bicipital Myotatic Reflex
•Biceps Tendinitis (crepitus)
•Dislocation of the Tendon of
the Long Head of the Biceps
(Popeye deformity)
•Rupture of the Tendon of
the Long Head of the Biceps
•Interruption of Blood Flow in
the Brachial Artery
(haemostasis; Ischemic
compartment sydrome)
•Fracture of the Humeral
Shaft
•Injury to the
Musculocutaneous Nerve
•Injury to the Radial Nerve in
the Arm (wrist drop)
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37. THANK YOU!
•If your journey had to be like theirs,
then God wouldn’t have had to go
through the process of creating
another replica. Your path is meant to
be unique to you and you only. So stop
comparing yourself!
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