THE BRANDENBURG STONE

THE BRANDENBURG STONE
Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD
(560 AD, Battletown, Meade County, Kentucky)

Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, [email protected]

1. Email: [email protected]
April 1, 2010, New Version
THE BRANDENBURG STONE
Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD
(560 AD, Battletown, Meade County, Kentucky)
Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, [email protected]
New Summary
The Brandenburg Stone is a memorial stone of national significance for the 220 thousand vic-
tims in North America of the Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD. The Comet already explo-
ded near the Sun in 531. Two parts of the debris reached the Earth several years later. The
whole event resembled the previous Krakatau Catastrophe, of 416, as well as the probably si-
multaneous eruption of Rabaul Volcano, in 540. The climate in America was seriously dis-
rupted for more than one and a half years (18 months). Daylight was strongly dimmed, it did
not rain anymore, and it was bitterly cold. Most casualties occurred within a time period of ni-
ne years. A quarter of the original population of 4.0 million men in North America migrated to
the Rivers for food and fresh water, in order to survive. The Stone was carved in 560 AD, 24
years after the start of the Catastrophe. The petroglyph contains an ancient Welsh script called
Coelbren, which is deciphered by two British researchers, Wilson and Blackett. It turns out to
be an important Christian prayer.- The petroglyph shows there were 2.9 million casual-ties
worldwide (5.5%). This number includes the c.120 thousand victims of the eruption of Rabaul
Volcano.
The Stone also gives excellent descriptions of the Biblical Flood, the Dardanus Flood, Cae-
sar’s Comet, and the eruption of the Krakatau Volcano. - The Biblical Flood of 2344 BC was
a two-stage event, which lasted for 2+2= 4 months. There were 2.6 million casualties (54%),
and 2.2 million survivors. The precipitation was 9 m of water. It was the start of a time period
of more than three centuries of chaos, until the Twelfth Dynasty.- The Dardanus Flood of
1159 BC was also a two-stage event, which happened 35 years after the appearance of the
Comet. It lasted for 40+40= 80 days. There were 3.8 million casualties (21%), and 2.0 million
victims because of system collapse (11%). So, in total there were 5.8 million casualties (32%).
There were 12 million survivors. The precipitation was 5.5 m of water. It was the start of a
time period of four centuries of chaos.- Caesar’s Comet of 44 BC happened two months after
the appearance of the original Comet. The Disaster resembled a volcano catastrophe, and it
lasted for two years. There were 500 thousand casualties (1.3%).- The Krakatau Catastrophe
of 416 AD lasted for one year. There were 250 thousand casualties, worldwide (0.5%). - The
carving predicts a possible Comet Catastrophe in the year of c.2256.
Introduction
In 1912 Mr. C. Crecelius found a carved limestone slab while plowing his field near Battle-
town, Kentucky (Refs.1-3) (figs.1,2). The original slab, which later broke into three frag-
ments, had a width of 21 inches, a maximum height of 15.5 inches, and a thickness varying
from 1 to 3 inches. The flat front side of the Stone bears a linear carving extending over its
entire width. In total, it consists of about thirty characters. The average height of the main
symbols is 0.86 inches. Both width and depth of the carved lines are on the average 0.12 in-
ches.

2. The village of Battletown, where the slab was found, is located on the south bank of the Ohio
River, at 38°N, which is in the north of Meade County (fig.4). It is situated thirteen miles
northwest of the town of Brandenburg, and about thirty miles southwest of the city of Louis-
ville. The Brandenburg Stone is presently on display in the Public Library of Charlestown,
Clark County, Indiana, which is north of Louisville.
Fig.1 The Brandenburg Stone is a memorial stone of national significance for the 220 thou-
sand victims in North America (and the 2.9 million victims worldwide) of the Comet Cata-
strophe of 536/540 AD. (560 AD, Battletown, Meade County, Kentucky) (Courtesy S. Mur-
phy, Ref.1)
Decipherment
In 1990 the British researchers A. Wilson and A.T. Blackett recognised an important part of
the symbols as an ancient Welsh script, called Coelbren. They deciphered twenty characters of
this script, together forming eight words (Refs.1,4). In normal letters the text reads (fig.3):
I FR YLI TIR UF PUR SIL FUR
Reading from left to right, they proposed the following translation: "Towards strength (to pro-
mote unity) divide the land we are spread over purely (justly) between offspring in wisdom."
It is a significant statement, and they considered it further proof that Welsh people lived in the
area around Louisville in the sixth century AD.
The Stone was found in Meade County, at 38°N, which is also the latitude of the Azores Ar-
chipelago in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. The complementary latitude corres-
ponds to South Wales (Milford Haven), at 90-38= 52°N. In antiquity the use of complemen-
tary latitudes was very common (Refs.5-11). It appears to confirm the origin of the carver of
the Stone, and the people who inhabited the area. The inscription contains a pentagon, a re-

3. gular geometric figure with five angles (fig.5). It may encode a date of 500 AD. It also con-
tains a hexagon, having six equal angles (fig.6). It may encode a date of 600 AD. The presen-
ce of both figures point to a time period between both dates. It appears to confirm the sixth
century AD, as mentioned by Wilson and Blackett. It provides an approximate date for the
carving on the Brandenburg Stone.
There are more vertical strokes among the characters on the Stone than used by the men who
deciphered it (fig.3). However, the translation of the vertical stroke reads “towards”, and such
a word may be omitted in the final text. The hexagon at the left side is not translated either
(fig.6). The three symbols before it mean “Towards strength”. It is well-known that “cells of
bees” in beehives have the shape of hexagons. These are made of wax, forming rows besides
and on top of each other in a kind of plate. The hexagon is the shape giving maximal strength
to an open construction, which was apparently known at the time the inscription was made.
So, the hexagon simply confirms and emphasizes the meaning of the symbols before it.
The pentagon at the right side is not translated either (fig.5). It represents a house with a roof
on top, the home of a family. The next word is “offspring”. It appears, the “offspring of a fa-
mily” is meant, consisting of parents, children, grandchildren, etc. It may be translated with
“generations”. It is one of the reasons to suggest a slightly different, more free translation of
the carving (fig.3): “To promote (preserve) unity rule the people of this country over a time
period of two generations in a balanced way.” This is an important Christian statement, or
prayer, based on the Bible, the book of the Two Testaments (O.T. & N.T.). It has been sug-
gested elsewhere, that these people were Gnostic Christians, and that could very well be the
case (Refs.1,4).
The upper edge at the right side of the Stone symbolizes the Ohio River, where the stone was
found. The upper edge at the left side represents the Mississippi, from the confluence with the
Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico. The lengths of both edges do not exactly match the distances, but
that is less important. These features may suggest, that a major flood or drought occurred. The
entire petroglyph is a large Arrow, which points southwest, ending in the Mississippi Delta. It
is slightly bended, following the curvature of the surface of the Earth. It might refer to a Cata-
strophe descended from the east, from the direction of the rising Sun.
The pentagon and the hexagon show that the numbers five and six are important. So, the Ar-
row points to the Delta, at 5x6= 30°N. The eight words of the Coelbren text confirm it, eight
degrees below the finding spot of the Stone, at 38-8= 30°N. The Arrow itself has five groups,
each consisting of about six symbols. Two of these groups have joined characters. The group
at the extreme left side is special, because it also contains small symbols. Together with the
latitude of the Mississippi Delta, at 30°N, it encodes the circumference of the planet Earth:
30+6= 36 Egyptian Moiras, or 360°. It may indicate that it was a worldwide Disaster. The six
vertical strokes in the mid-section, and the W sign behind it (might be equal to thirty, attached
to the pentagon), appear to confirm it, 6+30= 36 Moiras. The 5x6= 30 symbols and the hexa-
gon confirm it, again.

4. Fig.2 The Brandenburg Stone explains, that 5.5% of the 4.0 million people in North America,
and of the 53 million men worldwide, perished because of a Comet Catastrophe. Its nature re-
sembled the eruptions of the Krakatau and Rabaul Volcano’s. A quarter of the original popu-
lation in North America (c.1 million men) migrated to the Rivers in order to survive. (560 AD,
Meade County, Kentucky) (Courtesy S. Murphy)
Comet Catastrophe
The right side (edge) of the Brandenburg Stone resembles the right half of a traditional car-
ving of a Comet (figs.1-3, h= c.6.8 inches). The wide, upper half of it represents both the
Head of the Comet (small, not shown) and the broad part of the Tail below it (w= c.1.8 in-
ches). Both are believed to consist of ice and stones. The thin, lower half represents the trans-
parant part of the Tail (w= c.0.6 inches). The linear inscription symbolizes the path of the
Earth through the top of the transparant part of the Tail, which is shown at the right side (ed-
ge).- However, the whole inscription is an Arrow which represents this Comet, too. The last
group of symbols at the left side is the Head of the Comet, and the linear part of the carving is
its Tail. (Refs.12,13)
This linear part consists of four groups of six symbols, together 4x6= 24 symbols. The large
symbol of the endgroup at the left side means “Towards”. Together these symbols refer to the
Comet Catastrophe which ended the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt (and the Old Kingdom), c.2400
BC (a number of four figures). This dynasty is represented by the pentagon. The event is also
known as the Flood or the Deluge. It is symbolized at the start of the Arrow, considered as a
time scale, at the right side (Refs.12-15).- The linear part also consists of two groups of 2x6=
12 symbols, twice referring to the Comet Catastrophe which ended the Twentieth Dynasty of
the New Kingdom, c.1200 BC. This dynasty is confirmed by the 20 characters of the Coel-

5. bren text. The Disaster is known as the Dardanus Flood. This event is best symbolized by the
center of the linear part of the Arrow, considered as a time scale (after the W-sign).
The carving suggests both Catastrophes and the present one are all three caused by the same
Comet! Each group of six symbols appears to encode the Period of this historical Comet,
c.-600 years. The three clusters of the endgroup show it is a number of three figures. The five
groups of symbols would date the present Catastrophe to (5x600)-2400= 3000-2400= c.600
AD, which is roughly correct. This event is symbolized by the tip of the Stone, behind the lar-
ge symbol, at the left side.- The pentagon dates the appearance of the Comet to approximately
500. The five groups of symbols confirm it. These point to the Mississippi Delta, at 30°N,
suggesting a better date of c.530. The very first symbol at the left side appears to give the cor-
rect date, at 531 AD.
This date is mentioned, calculated and confirmed by the famous physicist Isaac Newton (1643
-1727). He could also use later data of the same Comet, when it apparently returned in 1106
and 1681. It appears his conclusions were approved by the English government and the
Church in the 17th century. However, the Period of this Comet is smaller than 600 years. An
accurate date for the Biblical Flood is c.2344 BC (tree-ring dating). It means the Period of the
Comet is (2344+531)/5= 575 years. The carving contains 25 large symbols, confirming this
Period of 600-25= 575 years.
It was also determined by Newton and his collegues, who affirmed the value. The carving
consists of five groups of symbols, which can be considered as 4+3= 7 groups, again confir-
ming these 575 years. The Coelbren script contains 20 letters. Together with the first symbol
at the left side, and the two strokes at the right side, it forms 20+3= 23 characters, confirming
the Period of 23x25= 575 years.- Note, that the Brandenburg Stone predicts a possible Comet
Catastrophe in the year of 531+(3x575)= c.2256! (Refs.16-29)
This famous Comet is a so-called sungrazer. The first symbol at the left side consists of two
pieces of line. These suggest the Head of the Comet exploded near the Sun. The long upper li-
ne represents the main part of the Head, which continued its course. It points to a group of
four small signs. The first sign represents the Comet when it approached the Sun, the second
and third signs depict the Sun, and the last sign confirms the event. It is a kind of split sign,
which shows the explosion took place after perihelion (on the way back).- The first symbol at
the left side consists of two pieces of line. These now suggest the explosion produced two
dangerous parts of the Comet, also represented by the lower and upper group, respectively.
The vertical line of the first symbol represents the first part. It also encodes the year of the ex-
plosion, at 531 AD, when it was created. Along the lower edge of the Stone are a few vertical
lines, representing this group of stones (potential meteorites) which slowly entered the gravi-
tational field of the Earth. The four lines also encode four additional years when almost no-
thing happened, from 532 to 535. They also illustrate the first symptoms of the Catastrophe,
four years after the explosion of the Comet, in 531+4= 535. This particular year is mentioned
in ancient literature. The long upper line of the first symbol now represents the start of the Ca-
lamity, in the next year of 536. The whole endgroup represents six symbols, strongly confir-
ming the start of the Comet Catastrophe, at 530+6= 536 AD. (Ref.30)
From 536 to 540 AD
The four groups of the linear part of the Arrow represent four consecutive years of the Cata-
strophe, from 537 to 540. The last group at the right side is special, because its symbols are

6. leaning to the right. They point to the carving of the Comet, suggesting an additional effect
from it. The upper line of the first symbol, at the left side, points to the upper group of four
small signs. Both represent the second dangerous part of the Comet, also consisting of a num-
ber of stones (meteorites). The first sign of the small group represents the first part of the Co-
met, when it had burnt to dust in the atmosphere in 537, the second and third signs depict the
Earth, and the last sign is the second dangerous part of the Comet, when it entered the atmos-
phere in 540. It corresponds to the last group of the linear part of the Arrow, at the right side.
It is believed that almost all stones of both groups turned to dust, causing a serious corruption
of the atmosphere for a prolonged period of time.
The five groups of symbols represent the ‘five years’ of the Comet Catastrophe, from 536 to
540. The first three groups of the linear part appear to indicate that three quarters, or 75%, of
the Catastrophe was caused by the event in 536. The two groups of joined symbols confirm
this calamity consisted of two stages, the second one in the last year of 540, when the weather
was extremely cold and dry, and when most casualties occurred. The symbols of the last
group, at the right side, are leaning to the right, which means that one quarter, or 25%, of the
Catastrophe was caused by this second event in 540 AD.
In America, this fourth group corresponds with a geographic location on the East Coast of the
U.S., at 36+4= 40°N. The second, or mid-section with its vertical strokes encodes the latitude
of Meade County, Kentucky, where the Brandenburg Stone was found, at 36+2= 38°N, but al-
so the central year of 536+2= 538, halfway between both events. (Refs.31-33)
Like the Eruption of Krakatau Volcano (416 AD)
Note, that the left side of the Stone has the shape of a huge Volcano. The Arrow now repre-
sents the tube, which leads the hot magma from the interior of the Earth to the surface. The
deeply carved line from the hexagon to the lower edge of the Stone confirms this process. It is
clear, the carver wanted to show this Calamity strongly resembled a Volcano Catastrophe. It
was completely different from the ancient Catastrophes caused by the same Comet, both of
these being Floods. The local shape of the Ohio River, between Otter Creek Park in the east
and Cloverport in the west, at a distance of 35 miles, resembles a Volcano, too (fig.4). The
Brandenburg Stone was found near the top of it.
The groups of the Arrow each consist of 6 symbols, all encoding the latitude of Krakatau Vol-
cano between the islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, at 6°S. A deeply carved line from
below points to the hexagon, confirming it. The lower side of the Stone resembles the South
Coasts of India and SE Asia. The Arrow now points to the Nile Delta in Egypt, also at 30°N.
The Coelbren text has 8 words, encoding the position of the Volcano, 8 Moiras east of the Ni-
le Delta, when measured along the equator. The linear part of the Arrow consists of two large
groups, each of 12 symbols, twice encoding the date of the eruption, 120 years before the Co-
met Catastrophe, at 536-120= 416 AD. The endgroup has three small clusters, confirming the
3 figures of this number.
From a geological point of view the Krakatau Volcano is located in one of the most unstable
regions of the World. The combination of high-speed Eruptions of huge amounts of extremely
hot magma, and a steady flow of cold sea water into the crater, resulted in a prolonged, ex-
plosive situation. During these massive Eruptions Sunda Strait was formed, which now sepa-
rates the large islands of Java and Sumatra (fig.7). This new Sea Strait has a diameter of a-
bout 70 miles. (Refs.34-43)

7. Fig.3 Drawing of the Brandenburg Stone. The upper edge symbolizes the Ohio and Missis-
sippi Rivers. The petroglyph is an Arrow, pointing to the Mississippi Delta. The symbols of
the Coelbren script are difficult to identify. In normal letters the text reads: I FR YLI TIR
UF PUR SIL FUR. (Courtesy S. Murphy, Ref.1)
Like the Eruption of Rabaul Volcano (540 AD)
The four groups of the linear part also encode the latitude of Rabaul Volcano, on the north-
eastern end of New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea, at 4°S. The 5 groups of the Arrow, and
the pentagon, each encode its position, 5 Moiras east of the Krakatau Volcano. The four
groups of the linear part also encode the date of its Eruption, 4 years after the start of the Co-
met Catastrophe, at 536+4= 540. It had a VEI index of 6. It probably coincided with the se-
cond event of the Comet Catastrophe, also in 540 AD.
The dangerous Rabaul Volcano has a caldera with a diameter of about 5 miles. A carving of
the Volcano is shown below the pentagon (top view, figs.1-3). Its huge Eruption of 540, pro-
ducing a lot of “rubble”, is confirmed by carbon dating.- Note, that at a distance of only 13
miles NW of the Volcano is Watom Island, which has the shape of a pentagon.
The last group at the right side has a primary cluster of four strokes (at the left side), but it
might be considered as having five symbols in total. It confirms the position of Rabaul Volca-
no, at 4°S, 5 Moiras east of the Krakatau. It also confirms the date of 540 AD.- Note, that only
the last symbol is in an upright position. It suggests, the contribution of Rabaul Volcano is on-
ly about one sixth, or 17%, of the second event of the Comet Catastrophe, which is about 17/4
= c.4% of the whole Comet Catastrophe. (Refs.43-45)

8. Climate
If possible, all interpretations of the petroglyph will closely follow the known literature about
the Comet Catastrophe (Refs.46-50). The two large groups of twelve symbols show it was a
two stage event. The two groups of joined symbols appear to confirm it. The special group at
the left side, as well as the first group of the linear part, each start with the same character,
meaning “Towards”. These appear to symbolize the two huge explosions at the start of both
impact events, in 536 and 540, respectively. The two vertical strokes at the right side, after the
Coelbren text, confirm it.
Both events are confirmed by tree-ring dating, as well as by ice core samples from both
Greenland and Antarctica (Refs.38,50,42,51-54). The shape of the lower edge of the Stone il-
lustrates the relative influence of both Calamities. The large symbols of the petroglyph as well
as the Volcano-shaped left edge of the Stone suggest this Catastrophe is known for all kinds of
nasty things, including large amounts of atmospheric dust, very cold weather, drought, crop
failure, and famine (Refs.41,49,52,54-58).
The latitude of the Delta, at 30°N, corresponds with the thirty days of the month. The penta-
gon and the hexagon confirm these 5x6= 30 days. The three successive groups containing
both geometric figures encode the first three months after the start of the Catastrophe in 536
AD, when the stars could not be seen anymore at night (Ref.57). These groups contain a total
of 3x6= 18 symbols, corresponding to the eighteen months when the light of the Sun was
strongly dimmed, because of large amounts of dust in the air (Refs.34-37,51,52,57). The
height-ratio of the Stone and its symbols equals 15.5/0.86= 18 (see above), confirming these
eighteen months. It had terrible consequences for the climate.
The linear part of the Arrow has four groups containing 4x6= 24 symbols, encoding the four
hours of feeble sunlight per natural day of 24 hours (Refs.34,47,49). This time period slowly
finished in the year of 536+1.5= c.538 AD, which is symbolized by the location of the Stone,
at 38°N. It is confirmed by the central group of vertical strokes (see above). The second group
of joined symbols at the right side confirms this location, too. The W-sign, the pentagon, and
the three other symbols encode the latitude of Meade County, at 30+5+3= 38°N.
Note, that the first three months, mentioned in ancient literature, consist of 3x30= 90 days, re-
ferring to the Volcano’s around the equator, at the complementary latitude of 90-90= 0°N.
This Comet Catastrophe strongly resembled a Volcano Catastrophe. Note also, that the eight-
een months, which are mentioned, contain 18x30= 540 days, referring to both the second im-
pact event and the Eruption of Rabaul Volcano, in 540 AD. Chaotic situations caused by “su-
per-natural powers” are often described by magical relations, which do not exist in reality.
The cluster around the hexagon contains six symbols. Together with three vertical strokes of
the next group (note the spacing behind it), these form 6+3= 9 units, encoding the time period
of nine years after the start of the Catastrophe, when most casualties occurred (536-544 AD)
(Refs.34-37,46-49). The group of six joined symbols around the pentagon, and the three stro-
kes at the left side of it, confirm these 6+3= 9 years. This time period is mentioned in ancient
literature. The linear part of the glyph contains 4x2= 8 subgroups, confirming the last year of
536+8= 544 AD. Meade County is located at the level of the nine islands of the Azores, which
may confirm the nine years, too.
The linear part of the glyph has four groups of about six symbols, encoding 4x6= 24 years. It
means, that the consequences of the worldwide Catastrophe were followed until 24 years after

9. the start of it, in 536 AD. So, the carving is accurately dated at 536+24= 560 AD. The Coel-
bren text contains twenty symbols, corresponding to the twenty years after the second event
and the Eruption of Rabaul Volcano, when most casualties occurred, confirming the date of
540+20= 560 AD. The pentagon and the hexagon are part of three successive groups, confir-
ming it, again, at 560 AD (a number of three figures).
Fig.4 The local shape of the Ohio River, between Otter Creek Park in the east and Cloverport
in the west, at a distance of 35 miles, resembles a Volcano. The Brandenburg Stone was found
near the top of it. (Meade County, Kentucky, Google Earth)
Casualties and Survivors
In order to determine the total number of casualties in North America, the Roman numbers in
the Arrow should be traced from right to left (fig.3). (6 or 5xI)+L+M should be read as five
hundred, plus five hundred, plus one thousand. The pentagon shows the resulting number
should be written in five figures. So, this part of the petroglyph encodes a total number of 20
thousand victims.- Next, W(=M)+(10xI) should be read as one thousand, plus one thousand.
The hexagon shows the resulting number should be written in six figures. So the second part
of the petroglyph encodes 200 thousand victims. Thus, the Brandenburg Stone is a memorial
stone for the 220 thousand victims in North America of the Comet Catastrophe of 536/540
AD.
At the left side of the hexagon are two symbols, both pointing to two normal, and two short
strokes on the lower edge. Together with the hexagon and the pentagon these small symbols
confirm the 200 thousand (six figures) + 20 thousand (five figures) = 220 thousand casualties.
The linear part of the petroglyph has two groups with joined symbols, and two groups with
se-parate symbols, confirming it. The whole petroglyph consists of two large parts in the

10. linear section, and two small parts in the end section, at the left side, confirming it, again. The
Coel-bren text on the Stone has a total number of twenty symbols. Together with the hexagon
and the pentagon the total number of casualties in North America is confirmed, once again.-
The whole petroglyph suggests, that most American victims were found in the southeastern
part of the United States.
The traditional symbol for a Comet is Greenland as the Head of the Comet, and the North At-
lantic Ocean as its Tail (Refs.12,13). Meade County is located 60-38= 22° below Cape Farvel,
the south cape of Greenland, confirming the 220 thousand victims. Its latitude, at 60°N, con-
firms the 6 figures of this number. The meridian of Meade County, where the Stone was
found, hits the north coast of Yucatan, Mexico, at 22°N, confirming the number of victims. It
also hits the north coast of Honduras, 38-16= 22° to the south, confirming it, again.
Both second and third characters at the left side each point to a stroke on the edge (fig.6). To-
gether with the hexagon, and the extra, faint line in this group, these encode two million ca-
sualties worldwide (a number of 6+1= 7 figures). The two small strokes on the lower edge in-
dicate that an additional group should be used. So, the next 3+6= 9 strokes, and the hexagon,
encode an additional nine hundred thousand casualties (a number of six figures). The first
character at the left side means: “Towards”. So, there were almost 2.9 million casualties
worldwide.
The Roman numbers at the right side of the pentagon confirm the two million victims (see a-
bove). The nine strokes at the left side of it, until the group with the hexagon, confirm the nine
hundred thousand additional victims. The Coelbren text contains twenty letters forming eight
words, suggesting 2.8 million casualties. However, the special group at the left side has the
additional word of “Towards”, confirming the 2.9 million casualties, worldwide. Note, that
the contribution of Rabaul Volcano of about 4% (see above) is included. It corresponds with
c.120 thousand casualties.- All these victims turn out to be 5.5% of the world population
(Ref.58). Note also, that this percentage lies between the important numbers 5 and 6, which
are indicated on the Stone. The height-ratio of the symbols and the Stone equals 0.86/15.5=
0,055 (see above), confirming this percentage.
According to a source in the literature (Refs.47,53): “John of Ephesus documented the pla-
gue’s progress in AD 541-542 in Constantinople, where city officials gave up trying to count
the dead after two hundred thirty thousand.” It gives an idea of the scope of this Catastrophe.
Eventually, it would result to the so-called Dark Ages, a time period of misery that lasted for
several centuries.- The Arrow points to the Mouth of the Mississippi River, at 29°N. It con-
tains 4+3= 7 groups. It confirms the 2.9 million casualties, worldwide (a number of 7 figu-
res). It also points to the Delta, at 30°N, indicating the approximate number of c.3 million
men.
The first three symbols before the hexagon, and the additional line, confirm the circa 3 million
casualties, worldwide. The W-sign attached to the pentagon, confirms the 30x10
5
= c.3 million
victims, again. The pentagon itself indicates the c.50 million survivors (a number of 3+5= 8
figures). The pentagon and the three addional symbols of the group refer to the original world
population before the Comet Catastrophe (and the Eruption of Rabaul Volcano), c.53 million
men (Ref.58). The 3+2= 5 symbols of the group at the right side confirm the number of sur-
vivors, c.50 million. The five groups of the Arrow and the eight words of the Coelbren text
confirm it, again.

11. Based on the situation in the rest of the World, there were about (50/2.9)x0.22= 3.8 million
survivors in North America.- The hexagon, and the symbol which coincides with it, form to-
gether 6+1= 7 units. The three symbols before the hexagon, and the eight remaining strokes
after it, confirm the 3.8 million survivors (a number of seven figures). The W, the pentagon,
and the three additional symbols form together 30+5+3= 38 units, confirming it, again. The
latitude of Meade County, at 38°N, where the Brandenburg Stone was found, confirms it, on-
ce again.
There were about 3.8+0.2= 4.0 million men in North America before the Catastrophe. The
four groups of the linear part confirm the original population of 4.0 million men. It consists of
two long groups, each of four subgroups, twice confirming it. The four symbols before the he-
xagon (and the symbol which coincides with it) appear to confirm it. The first cluster at the
right side consists of four strokes, confirming it, again.
Migration
The worst features of this Catastrophe were severe drought, very cold weather, crop failure,
and famine for more than three decades. The whole petroglyph is a big Arrow which runs
from the Ocean over the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi Delta. The Delta was an a-
rea having fresh water, a humid soil, and a relatively mild climate. So, the Arrow symbolizes a
massive migration of people in North America towards the Rivers and River Delta’s of the
continent, trying to get some fresh water and a little bit of food in order to survive. The Bran-
denburg Stone was found near the Ohio River, which appears to confirm it.
The linear part of the Arrow consists of four groups. The last group contains the hexagon, and
the symbol which coincides with it (fig.6). It represents the 4.0/4= c.1 million men (a number
of 7 figures), who migrated to these areas (25%). The first group of symbols is leaning to the
right. The rest of the Arrow consists of four groups, again. The last group, at the left side, con-
firms the number. It represents the Delta itself, which symbolizes these areas. It contains one
big symbol, again confirming the number of people (c.1 million). It means “Towards”, stres-
sing its approximate value. The whole Arrow has 4x6+1= 25 big symbols, confirming the
c.-25% of the original population of 4.0 million men. All these men and women migrated to
the Rivers and River Mouths in order to survive this Catastrophe.
The translation of the Coelbren script by Wilson and Blackett reads (fig.3): "Towards strength
(to promote unity) divide the land we are spread over purely (justly) between offspring in wis-
dom." In the light of the mass migration of about a quarter of the people of North America to-
wards these areas with water (and food), this text gets a very special meaning. On the average,
each family consists of two parents and two children. One of the parents, or preferrably one of
the children, had to migrate. So, it simply confirms this mass migration!
Discussion
The petroglyph was made in 560 AD. Officially, the last group of the Arrow at the left side
consists of six symbols, encoding the later year of 560+6= 566 AD. The whole Arrow con-
sists of 5x6= 30 symbols, confirming it: thirty years after the worldwide Catastrophe, at 536+
30= 566 AD. By then, it would be exactly one generation later. The group at the left side con-
sists of three parts, confirming these thirty years. The Arrow points to the Mississippi Delta, at
30°N, confirming it, again. A free translation of the text of the Brandenburg Stone reads: “To
preserve unity rule the people of this country over a time period of two generations in a
balanced way.”

12. It was the hope of the carver that civilization would continue, and that after the Comet Cata-
strophe the country would be ruled in accord with the Bible, the Holy Book of the Christians,
just as before (Refs.1,4).
The Brandenburg Stone is a memorial stone of national significance for the 220 thousand vic-
tims in North America of the Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD. It was a worldwide Cata-
strophe with 2.9 million casualties (5.5%). The world population decreased from 53 to 50 mil-
lion men. However, it also contains a strong, religious message.- The Stone is an important
document for the prehistory of the World. It should be protected and displayed in an impor-
tant Archaeological Museum in the United States, where it was also found.
Fig.5 Detail of the Stone around the pentagon. At the left side, in normal letters: (P)UR, mea-
ning “purely”; at the right side: SIL, meaning “offspring”. (560 AD, Battletown, Kentucky)
(Courtesy S. Murphy)
Biblical Flood (c.2344 BC)
The linear part of the Arrow consists of four groups of six symbols, together 4x6= 24 sym-
bols. The large symbol of the endgroup at the left side means “Towards”. Together these sym-
bols refer to the Comet Catastrophe which ended the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt (and the Old
Kingdom), c.2400 BC (a number of four figures). The pentagon, but also the five groups of
the Arrow, each represent this Fifth Dynasty. The event is symbolized at the start of the Ar-
row, considered as a time scale, at the right side. The two vertical strokes along the edge sug-
gest two stages of about equal duration.
The Arrow points to the Mississippi Delta, at 30°N. This latitude indicates the 30 days of the
month. The two groups of symbols at the right side correspond to a time period of two
months, when the planet Earth was inside the Tail of the Comet. The falling stones were cau-
sing horrible forest-fires, and the melting ice resulted in torrential rains and worldwide floo-
dings. It was completely dark on Earth.- The two groups at the left side correspond to two
months after it. The climate was completely disrupted. The terrible rains continued, but it also
became very cold. So, the rains changed into ferrocious snow and hail storms. Each of the
long groups contain 2x6= 12 symbols, twice confirming the duration of the Catastrophe, 120
days. The three clusters of the endgroup confirm the 3 figures of this number.

13. The four groups consist of 4x2= 8 subgroups. Together, these encode the world population
before the Catastrophe of 4.8 million men (a number of 7 figures). The two groups at the right
side, and six subgroups at this side, encode the number of casualties, 2.6 million men (54%).
The two groups at the left side, and the two remaining subgroups at this side, confirm the
number of survivors, 4.8-2.6= 2.2 million men. Most of them were seriously injured.- Note,
that the last symbol of the second subgroup (I) is the sixth letter of the Coebren text, repre-
senting the Sixth Dynasty. It also represents the 1st king Teti (c.2370-2338 BC). It happened
during his reign. The five groups of the Arrow, and the four groups of the linear part, confirm
the percentage of victims, 54%.
The two groups at the left side, and six subgroups at this side, confirm the number of casual-
ties, 2.6 million men (54%). The two groups at the right side, and the two remaining sub-
groups at this side, confirm the number of survivors, 4.8-2.6= 2.2 million men. Note, that the
six symbols of the last subgroups are leaning to the right. These represent the survivors in the
Sixth Dynasty. The first subgroup at the extreme right side confirms the 1st king Teti. The two
strokes confirm his 30+2= 32 years of reign. The five groups of the Arrow, and the four
groups at the left side, confirm the percentage of victims, 54%. The last group at the right side
consists of five symbols, and the cluster with the U-sign has four strokes. It confirms the per-
centage of 54%, again.
The four symbols before the hexagon (and the symbol attached to it), and the eight remaining
strokes (until the next group) represent the world population before the Comet Catastrophe,
4.8 million men (a number of 7 figures). The two symbols before the hexagon (and the sym-
bol attached to it), and the two remaining symbols of the group, represent the number of sur-
vivors, 2.2 million men. Note, that the last symbol refers to king Teti of the Sixth Dynasty, a-
gain. The two long and two short strokes along the edge confirm the 2.2 million survivors.-
The two symbols before the hexagon, and the six symbols after it, until the spacing, confirm
the 4.8-2.2= 2.6 million casualties. The first symbol of the linear part means “Towards”. The
group with the pentagon may be considered as having four symbols, confirming the percen-
tage of 54%.
The Arrow consists of five groups of six symbols. These show the Flood ended the Fifth Dy-
nasty, and it happened in the Sixth Dynasty. The group with the pentagon has a total of six
symbols, confirming it. The pentagon and the hexagon confirm it, once again.- The first group
of six symbols at the left side is special. The large symbol confirms the 1st king Teti of the
Sixth Dynasty. The two small clusters confirm his 30+2= 32 years of reign. The group refers
to a latitude of 30+6= 36°N. It encodes the circumference of the planet Earth of 36 Moiras,
which shows it was a worldwide Catastrophe. The complementary latitude of 90-36=54°N
confirms the percentage of casualties, 54%.
The first group of the linear part contains the hexagon. It confirms the 1st king Teti of the Six-
th Dynasty, again. The Comet Catastrophe happened c.2344 BC (tree-ring dating). The linear
part of the Arrow consists of 4x2= 8 subgroups, encoding the precipitation during the Flood,
80 micromoiras= 80x0.11= 9 meters of water. The pentagon and the W-sign represent 5+3= 8
units, confirming the 80 micromoiras (a number of 2 figures). The Coelbren text contains 8
words, confirming it, again.- The linear part of the Arrow consists of two long groups of 12
symbols, twice encoding the time period of more than three centuries of chaos until the
Twelfth Dynasty (c.2007 BC).

14. Geography
The meridian of Meade County, where the Stone was found, hits the south coast of Lake Mi-
chigan, at 42°N. This is 42-38= 4° to the north, encoding the total duration of the Biblical
Flood, 4 months. This meridian runs from Lake Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico over 12° of
land, confirming these 120 days.- Lake Michigan is 4° to the north, and the Gulf is 8° to the
south, which corresponds to the initial world population of 4.8 million men. The comple-
mentary latitude of the south coast of Lake Michigan, at 90-42= 48°N, confirms it. The width
of North America at the level of Meade County is 48 moiras, or 48°, confirming it, too. The
meridian runs from Hudson Bay to the Gulf over 56-30= 26° of land, encoding the 2.6 million
casualties.
The traditional symbol for a Comet is Greenland as the Head of the Comet, and the North At-
lantic Ocean as its Tail. The north coast of South America is located at 12°N. This is 60-12=
48° below Cape Farvel, the south cape of Greenland, confirming the initial population of 4.8
million men. Meade County is located at the level of the Azores, at 38°N. This is 38-12= 26°
above South America, confirming the 2.6 million casualties. It is 60-38= 22° below Cape Far-
vel, confirming the 2.2 million survivors. Meade County is located 8° above the Mississippi
Delta (Gulf of Mexico), confirming the precipitation during the Flood, 80 micromoiras, or 9
meters of water. The meridian runs from Lake Michigan to the Gulf over 12° of land, confir-
ming the more than three centuries of chaos until the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle King-
dom. (Refs.8,12-19,32,33,59-70)
Fig.6 Detail of the Stone around the hexagon. At the left side, in normal letters: I FR, mea-
ning “Towards strength”; at the right side: YL(I), meaning “divide”. At the extreme left side:
I, meaning “Towards”, again. (560 AD) (Courtesy S. Murphy)

15. Dardanus Flood (c.1159 BC)
The linear part of the Arrow consists of two long groups, each of 2x6= 12 symbols, twice re-
ferring to the Comet Catastrophe in the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom, c.1200 BC
(a number of four figures). This dynasty is indicated by the 20 characters of the Coelbren text.
The 20th character is situated at the end of the last word FUR. Its symbols are leaning to the
right in the direction of the carving of the Comet along the edge. It shows this Catastrophe
was a so-called Flood. It did not resemble a Volcano Catastrophe, as illustrated at the other si-
de.
The 18th letter of the text is situated at the start of the word FUR. It is leaning to the right, be-
cause the danger of this Disaster was already recognised in the Eighteenth Dynasty. The 19th
letter is leaning to the right, because the Comet appeared at the end of the Nineteenth Dynas-
ty, in –(531-3x575)= c.1194 BC. It was during the reigns of king Siptah (1194-1188 BC) and
his regent Queen Tausert (1194-1186 BC), who are represented by the two vertical strokes of
this U-sign. Queen Tausert was the 8th ruler of this dynasty, as indicated by the 8th word
FUR.
The U-symbol also shows the Comet exploded near the Sun. A part of the Comet (the second
stroke) reached the gravitational field of the planet Earth. It consisted of ice and stones. The
20th and last letter is leaning to the right, because this dangerous part entered the atmosphere
in the Twentieth Dynasty. The word has three symbols, and the group a total of five. So, it
happened 35 years after the appearance of the Comet, in 1194-35= c.1159 BC. This year is
confirmed by tree-ring dating. The Coelbren text contains five words of three letters, confir-
ming this time period.
The 20th character of the text points across the spacing to two vertical strokes along the edge.
These confirm the explosion, which created the dangerous fragment of ice and stones. Howe-
ver, the whole Arrow symbolizes the original Comet, and the special group at the left side re-
presents the Head of it. The first large symbol consists of two pieces of line, illustrating the e-
vent. The horizontal line points to the upper group of small signs, which represents the main
part of the Comet. It continued its course. The first small sign is the Comet when it approach-
ed the Sun, the second and third signs depict the Sun, and the last sign shows the explosion, a-
gain. It is a split sign, which illustrates the creation of the dangerous part.
This part is represented by the lower group of small signs along the edge.- The two mentioned
strokes at the right side of the linear part correspond to the two small clusters at the left side.
These represent together 6-1= 5 symbols, or 5° above the Mississippi Delta, confirming the
Catastrophe happened 35 years after the appearance of the Comet (a number of 2 figures).
(Refs.32,33)
King Ramses III
The three groups of the linear part at the left side contain 3x6= 18 symbols, confirming the
statement that this Catastrophe was already expected in the 18th Dynasty. The 19th symbol in
the next group is leaning to the right, because the Comet appeared and exploded at the end of
the 19th Dynasty. The 20th symbol is a U-sign, because the dangerous part of ice and stones
caused the Catastrophe in the 20th Dynasty. It happened during the reign of the 2nd king. The
third and last symbol of the cluster confirms it was Ramses III (1184-1153 BC). It happened
at the end of his reign, in 1159 BC.

16. The Coelbren text contains two words of two letters and many words of three letters, strongly
confirming the 2nd king Ramses III. The last symbol points across the spacing to the two ver-
tical strokes along the edge, and to the next symbol at the extreme left side, confirming the 2-
nd king Ramses III. This last symbol confirms his 30+1= 31 years of reign. This special group
contains two smaller clusters and the large symbol, again confirming the 2nd king Ramses III.
The whole Arrow consists of two long groups and an endgroup at the left side, confirming it.
The two groups with joined symbols, and the group in between, confirm the 2nd king Ramses
III, again.

The 20th symbol of the Coelbren text points across the spacing to the two strokes at the car-
ving of the Comet, along the edge. These strokes suggest a two stage event. The 20th symbol
itself is part of a cluster of four vertical stokes. So, it appears the first time period lasted for 40
days. The falling stones were causing horrible forest-fires, and the melting ice resulted in tor-
rential rains and worldwide floodings. It was completely dark on Earth. The second time pe-
riod lasted 40 days, too. The climate was completely disrupted. The terrible rains continued,
but it also became very cold. So, the rains changed into ferrocious snow and hail storms.- It
appears, the Catastrophe resembled the Biblical Flood of c.2344 BC.
The whole event is best symbolized by the center of the linear part of the Arrow, considered
as a time scale (see above). The W-sign and the pentagon confirm the Catastrophe occurred
30+5= 35 years after the appearance of the Comet. The two strokes immediately to the left,
and the third stroke after it, confirm it happened during the reign of the 2nd king Ramses III.
The first stroke confirms his 30+1= 31 years of reign. The two strokes confirm it was a two
stage event. The second stroke is leaning to the right, in the direction of the carving of the Co-
met along the edge, which confirms it was a Flood. It did not resemble a Volcano Catastro-
phe, as illustrated at the other side. The four vertical strokes between this symbol and the pen-
tagon confirm that both time periods each lasted 40 days.
The linear part of the Arrow consists of four groups, confirming the time periods of 40 days.
The two groups at the right side have four subgroups, confirming it. The two groups at the left
side have four subgroups, too, confirming it, again. Together, these consist of 4+4= 8 sub-
groups, encoding the total duration of the Comet Catastrophe of 80 days. The W-sign and the
pentagon confirm the 3+5= 80 days (a number of 2 figures). The Coelbren text contains 8
words, confirming it. The Brandenburg Stone was found 8° above the Mississippi Delta, at
30+8= 38°N, confirming it, again.
The last word FUR of the Coelbren text consists of four vertical strokes, leaning to the right.
The first stroke may correspond to the 19th Dynasty, when the Comet appeared (see above).
The second stroke encodes the 20th Dynasty of the Catastrophe. The third stroke might sym-
bolize Dynasty 21 (1070-945 BC), and the fourth stroke may represent Dynasty 22 (945-712
BC). It shows, that the consequences of the Comet Catastrophe lasted to the end of Dynasty
22, more than four centuries after the event. The four vertical strokes confirm it.
The 20th character of the Coelbren text points across the spacing to the two vertical strokes a-
long the edge, which confirm the two mentioned Dynasties 21 and 22. The linear part of the
Arrow consists of two long groups (each of twelve symbols). These confirm Dynasties 21 and
22, respectively. They contain together four normal groups (of six symbols), confirming the
more than four centuries of chaos as a result of the Catastrophe.

17. Casualties and Survivors
The event is best symbolized by the center of the linear part of the Arrow (see above). Imme-
diately to the left of the pentagon and the W-sign is a straight, vertical piece of line, and to the
right are a total of 3+5= 8 symbols. It provides the world population before the Disaster of 10
+8= 18 million men (a number of 5+3= 8 figures). The last symbol of the joined group is an
L-sign, in this situation equal to five. So, instead of eight symbols only the first four symbols
can be used, confirming the world population of 10+2+5+1= 18 million men.
The last symbol is now the 18th letter of the Coelbren script, which is leaning to the right. It
confirms the original world population of 18 million men. The first three groups of the linear
part contain two groups of joined symbols, which confirm the 2nd king Ramses III. These
groups have a total of 3x6= 18 symbols, confirming the world population, again. The Arrow
consists of a large symbol at the extreme left side, and a linear part having 8 subgroups, con-
firming it. The Coelbren text possesses 1 word of one letter, and 8 words in total, which con-
firm the world population before the Catastrophe. It is a number of 8 figures.

The U-sign at the right side is the 18+2= 20th symbol of the linear part, encoding the Comet
Catastrophe in the 20th Dynasty. The next symbol is the 20th letter of the Coelbren script,
confirming it. Both symbols together refer to the reign of the 2nd king Ramses III, when it
happened. These symbols are leaning to the right. It means, that the number of casualties is
not determined by the pentagon, but by the hexagon and the extra, faint line in this group. So,
it appears there were many victims!
The last symbol points across the spacing to the two strokes at the right side, and beyond. It
also points to the first three symbols of the linear part, before the hexagon and the faint line. It
shows there were 2+3= 5 million casualties (a number of 7 figures). The two slanting strokes
of the U-sign have split ends on top. These refer to the slanting line in the mid-section, having
a split end, too. After the hexagon are a total of 6+2= 8 vertical strokes till this slanting line,
encoding an additional 8 hundred thousand casualties (a number of 6 figures). So, in total the-
re were 5.8 million casualties (32%). It was the worst natural Disaster in human history.
At the right side of the pentagon are a total of 3+5= 8 symbols, confirming the number of 5.8
million casualties. The last symbol of the joined group is an L-sign, equal to five. So, instead
of eight symbols only the first four can be used, confirming the number of victims, again 50-
+2+5+1= 5.8 million men. The last symbol leans to the right, referring to the Comet Cata-
strophe. The Coelbren script contains 5 words of three letters, referring to the Calamity during
the reign of king Ramses III. It has a total of 8 words, confirming the 5.8 million casualties.
The whole Arrow consists of 5 groups with 8 subgroups in the linear part. Together with the
hexagon, and extra faint line, these confirm the number of victims, again (32%).
The Brandenburg Stone was made for the Comet Catastrophe of 536/540 AD, which caused
2.9 million casualties, worldwide. The two vertical strokes at the right side, as well as the U-
sign, each indicate, that the Dardanus Flood of 1159 BC caused twice as much victims,
2x-2.9= 5.8 million victims. The two long groups of the linear part confirm it. The twenty
letters of the Coelbren text confirm it, again.
The last two letters of the Coelbren text consist of three strokes, which represent the 2nd king
Ramses III. The last two strokes of these also represent the later Dynasties 21 and 22 (see a-
bove). The last symbol points across the spacing to the two strokes along the edge, both of
these symbolizing the 2nd king as well as these two later dynasties.- It clearly shows, that the

18. Dardanus Flood was different from the much earlier Biblical Flood (c.2344 BC). Besides ca-
sualties as a direct result of the Comet Catastrophe, there are now also victims because of sys-
tem collapse (lack of government).
System Collapse
The two vertical strokes along the edge represent 2 million victims because of system collapse
(11%). The remaining 5.8-2.0= 3.8 million casualties were the direct result of the Catastrophe
(see above, 21%). Before the hexagon, and the extra faint line, there are a total of 1+3= 4 lar-
ge symbols, confirming these c.4 million casualties. The Coelbren text has twenty letters. The
two strokes at the extreme right side, and the very first symbol at the left side, add to a total of
20+2+1= 23 symbols, referring to the holy Tropic of Cancer, at 23°N, and the Egyptian Sun-
religion. It emphasizes the importance of good government! After this enormous Calamity
there was political chaos around the Mediterranean, and elsewhere, for a long time.
The W-sign, the pentagon, and the three symbols after it confirm the 30+5+3= 3.8 million ca-
sualties of the Catastrophe. The W-sign and the eight symbols after the pentagon confirm it.
When the L-sign is counted as five, the W-sign and the first four symbols after it confirm it, a-
gain: 30+2+5+1= 3.8 million men. The pentagon and the two strokes before it show it is a
number of 5+2= 7 figures. The four strokes before these confirm the c.4 million casualties of
the Catastrophe.
The Coelbren script contains many words of 3 letters. In total there are 8 words, confirming
the 3.8 million victims. The last word FUR of the Coelbren text consists of four strokes, con-
firming these c.4 million men. These strokes are leaning to the right in the direction of the Co-
met glyph along the edge. The linear part of the Arrow consists of 8 subgroups each of 3 sym-
bols, confirming the 3.8 million victims. It also consists of four groups, confirming the c.4
million people, as well as the four centuries of chaos. The right half has four subgroups, con-
firming it. The left half also has four subgroups, confirming it, again. These groups each have
12 symbols, referring to the Comet Catastrophe, at c.1200 BC. The Brandenburg Stone was
found in Meade County, Kentucky, at 38°N, confirming the 3.8 million casualties of the Dar-
danus Flood.
The hexagon shows there were a total of about 4+2= 6 million casualties. The whole Arrow
consists of groups of 6 symbols, strongly confirming it.- The two long groups of 2x6= 12
symbols confirm the 18-6= 12 million survivors, twice. The name of ‘Dardanus’ means Third,
because it was the Flood, in which about one third of the people died, one third of these be-
cause of system collapse. Most of the survivors were seriously injured. The two groups of
joined symbols have a total of 6+6= 12 symbols, confirming the 12 million survivors. The
Coelbren text has a first word of 1 letter, and a second word of 2 letters. In total there are 8
words, confirming the 12 million survivors (a number of 8 figures).
The moira is a unit of length which is descended from the Nile Delta in Egypt, at 30°N. It is e-
qual to 1 degree of latitude, or 111 kilometers. The Coelbren text has five words of 3 letters,
referring to this unit. The 5 words show, that the precipitation during the Dardanus Flood was
50 micromoiras= 50x0.11= c.5.5 meters of water. The Arrow has a total of 10 subgroups, each
of these consisting of 3 symbols, again referring to the Egyptian unit of length, the moi-ra.
However, the same Arrow has 5 groups, confirming the precipitation. The third group of the
linear part, counted to the right, has a W-sign attached to the pentagon. The W-sign has 3
strokes, referring to the moira, again, and to king Ramses III. The pentagon confirms the pre-
cipitation of the Dardanus Flood, 50 micromoiras of water (a number of two figures).

19. The pentagon is part of a group of six joined symbols. Together with the cluster of three sym-
bols at the right or left side, these may encode 56+3= 59 units. The Arrow has five groups of
symbols. Together with 3 symbols and 6 strokes between the pentagon and the Comet glyph,
the 50+3+6= 59 units are confirmed. The Coelbren script has 5 words of three letters. Three
of these words at the end of the text have a total of 3x3= 9 letters. It may confirm the 50+9=
59 units, again. It appears to be confirmed, that the Dardanus Flood happened in the 59th year
before the turn of the century (1100 BC), which is 1159 BC. This particular year is confirmed
with tree-ring dating. (Refs.12,13,32,33,50,59-70)
Geography
The meridian of Meade County, where the Stone was found, runs from Lake Michigan to the
Gulf over 12° of land, referring to the Dardanus Flood of c.1200 BC. The Arrow points to the
Mississippi Delta, at 30°N, referring to the reign of king Ramses III, when the Catastrophe
happened. The width of the continent at this level is 35 moiras, or 35°, because it occurred 35
years after the appearance of the Comet. Lake Michigan is located 4° above Meade County,
referring to the time periods of 40 days. The Gulf is 8° to the south, encoding the total durati-
on of the Disaster, 2x40= 80 days. The meridian of the Delta runs to Isle Royale, Lake Supe-
rior, over 18° of land, corresponding to the initial world population of 18 million men.
The traditional symbol for a Comet is Greenland as the Head of the Comet, and the North At-
lantic Ocean as its Tail. Meade County is located at the level of the Central Azores, at 38°N.
Its five islands correspond to the precipitation during the Catastrophe, 50 micromoiras, or 5.5
meters of water. Its latitude encodes the 3.8 million casualties. The nearest important latitude
line of Meade County runs towards Corvo, West Azores, at 40°N, corresponding to the four
centuries of chaos after the event. It is 60-40= 20° below Cape Farvel, the south cape of
Greenland, encoding the 2.0 million additional victims because of system collapse. Cape Far-
vel is located at 60°N, corresponding to the c.6 million casualties of the Dardanus Flood. The
meridian of Meade County runs from Lake Michigan to the Gulf over 12° of land, confirming
the 12 million survivors.
In antiquity the area around the south point of the Gulf of Campeche, Mexico, was called the
Realm of the Dead (or Punt). Its latitude, at 18°N, symbolizes the initial world population of
18 million men. It is located 38-18= 20° below Meade County, confirming the additional 2.0
million victims of system collapse after the Dardanus Flood.
Note, that the Arrow appears to indicate the direction to the large archaeological site of Po-
verty Point, NE Louisiana. Its five groups encode its location, at 38-5= 33°N, 5 moiras west
of Meade County. It is built on Maçon Ridge, an oblong plateau of 5 to 90 miles (8 to 140
km), oriented to the north, in the middle of the flood-plains of the Mississippi River. This pla-
teau has the shape of a huge Comet, and the site is founded because of the Comet Catastro-
phes, which struck the Americas so badly.
Caesar’s Comet (44 BC)
The Arrow has five groups pointing to the Mississippi Delta, at 30°N. The first symbol at the
extreme left side encodes the date of appearance of the Comet, in 500+30+1= 531 AD. This
character is part of the first group of six symbols, corresponding to c.600 years. However, the
Periodicity of the Comet is slightly smaller, 575 years (see above). So, the previous appea-
rance of the Comet was in -(531-575)= 44 BC. The Catastrophe in this year is best symboli-

20. zed at the left side of the linear part of the Arrow, considered as a time scale, just before the
first symbol. It is close to the left edge of the Stone, so it resembled a Volcano Catastrophe.
The Comet (a sungrazer) was first spotted in China. It exploded near the Sun. The first sym-
bol at the left side consists of two pieces of line. The long upper line represents the main part,
which continued its course. It points to a group of four small signs. The first sign represents
the Comet when it approached the Sun, the second and third signs depict the Sun, and the last
sign confirms the event. It is a kind of split sign, which shows the explosion took place after
perihelion (on the way back). The cluster of lines along the lower edge represents the dange-
rous part. It appears to be a group of stones (meteorites). This debris reached the Earth two
months later, as reported from Italy.
The linear part of the Arrow consists of two long groups, corresponding to these two months.
The Coelbren text and the linear part confirm the two months. These have a total of 20+24=
44 characters, confirming the year of 44 BC. This year is mentioned in ancient literature, and
confirmed by tree-ring dating and ice core samples. So, the start of the Arrow, at the extreme
right side, symbolizes the Catastrophe, too. The Arrow, which points to the Delta, has a total
of 30 symbols, confirming the 30+30= c.60 days. The two clusters of the group at the left side
confirm it. The two vertical strokes at the right side confirm the two months, again. It was a
Comet Catastrophe, as illustrated along the edge.
Features of the Disaster included large amounts of atmospheric dust, cold weather, drought,
crop failure, and famine. It lasted for two years. The two long groups of the linear part con-
firm it. The 20 letters of the Coelbren script confirm it. The two vertical strokes at the right si-
de confirm it. The linear part consists of 4 groups of 6 symbols, confirming the 4x6= 24
months. These four groups encode the world population of 40 million men before the Cata-
strophe. The pentagon and the W-sign confirm the 5+3= 8 figures of this number. The two
long groups each contain four subgroups, twice confirming it.- The U-sign at the right side
confirms the two years duration of the Calamity. It is part of a cluster of four strokes, confir-
ming the 40 million people before it happened.
The four groups at the left side of the Arrow, and the mentioned cluster of four strokes at the
right side, confirm the date of 40+4= 44 BC. The whole Arrow contains 4+3= 7 clusters, en-
coding the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Cleopatra VII (51-30 BC). The four strokes of the
cluster at the right side, and the three symbols at the right side of the pentagon, form together
4+3= 7 signs, confirming it. The L-sign, meaning five, and the two symbols after it, confirm
the 5+2= 7 units. The long group at the left side, and the endgroup, contain together 4+3= 7
subgroups, confirming it, again.
The latitude of the Delta, at 30°N, encodes the last year of reign of Cleopatra, at 30 BC. The
first stroke at the left side of the pentagon encodes her first year of reign, at 30+6+6+6+3= 51
BC. It was also the first year of reign of her co-ruler Ptolemy XIII (51-47 BC). The last stroke
of the W-sign represents the year of 49 BC, when the Roman dictator Julius Caesar (49-44
BC) started to reign in the West. The next vertical stroke is the year of 48 BC. Together with
the long group at the right side it forms 12+1= 13 symbols, representing Ptolemy XIII.
The next, split sign represents the next co-ruler Ptolemy XIV (47-44 BC), and his first year of
reign, in 47 BC. Together with Cleopatra VII he reigned for three years. She is represented by
the first stroke behind the gap (in 45 BC), which is the 7th stroke after the pentagon. The
short, slanting stroke after it was the last year of Ptolemy XIV, in 44 BC. It was the year of the

21. Comet Catastrophe. The Roman dictator Julius Caesar was killed, and Ptolemy XIV died, too.
Now, there are five strokes till the hexagon, encoding 500 thousand casualties, worldwide (a
number of 6 figures, 1.3%). Many people were injured.
The 14th letter R of the Coelbren script, which represents Ptolemy XIV, is attached to the left
side of the pentagon. It confirms the number of casualties (a number of 1+5= 6 figures). The
great emperor Julius Caesar died after 49-44= 5 years of reign, at the age of 100-44= 56, twi-
ce confirming it. The pentagon and the hexagon confirm it, too.
The long stroke at the right side of the gap is also important. It is the third piece of line after
the long group of 12 symbols, encoding the next co-ruler of Cleopatra, Ptolemy XV Caesari-
on. He was a son of Julius Caesar, and the casualties occurred during his reign. There are five
strokes till the pentagon, and the line closely attached to it, confirming 500 thousand casual-
ties (a number of 5+1= 6 figures). The 15th letter S(Y) of the Coelbren script, which repre-
sents Ptolemy XV, is attached to the right side of the bottom of the pentagon. It strongly con-
firms the number of victims. The Coelbren text has 5 words of three letters, confirming it, too.
The position at the extreme right side was symbolizing this Catastrophe. The group at this si-
de contains 2+3= 5 symbols, confirming the number of victims.- The best position was at the
left side, before the linear part. The first symbol means “Towards”. The next 2+3= 5 symbols
of the group confirm the 500 thousand casualties (a number of 6 figures). The five groups of
six symbols of the Arrow confirm it, again. (Refs.13,16-30,50,59)

22. Fig.7 The present Krakatau Volcano in the middle of Sunda Strait between the islands of Java
in the east and Sumatra in the northwest. During the Eruption of 416 AD this new Sea Strait
was created, having a diameter of about 70 miles. Besides all the land, a part of the Earth
Crust in Sunda Strait disappeared, having a diameter of c.40 miles, more than a mile deep
(Google Earth).
Krakatau Catastrophe (416 AD)
The pentagon, the Mississippi Delta, and the first group at the left side encode together the
start of the Comet Catastrophe in 500+30+6= 536 AD. However, it strongly resembled the
previous Catastrophe of the Krakatau Volcano. Note, that the first group at the left side re-
sembles the top of the Volcano, as shown by the left edge of the Stone. The long group at the
left side has twelve symbols, encoding the date of this Volcano Catastrophe, 120 years earlier,
at 536-120= 416 AD. It appears to be the correct date reported in the literature. It also con-
tains the hexagon, which refers to the latitude of this Volcano, at 6°S. So, the center of the li-
near part of the Arrow, considered as a time scale, symbolizes the Krakatau Catastrophe in the
best way.
This linear part is the tube of the Volcano. So, the strokes will be counted to the left in the di-
rection of the magma flow. The first stroke after the W-sign is a vertical piece of line, which
appears to encode the duration of the event, about 1 year. The long group has twelve symbols,

23. confirming the 12 months. The group at the extreme left side corresponds with the circumfe-
rence of the planet Earth, 30+6= 36 Moiras, which shows it was a worldwide Catastrophe.
Features included large amounts of atmospheric dust, cold weather, drought, crop failure and
famine.
The long group at the right side has twelve symbols, confirming the date of the Calamity, 536
-120= 416 AD. The first vertical stroke at the right side confirms its duration of about 1 year.
The twelve symbols of the group confirm the 12 months. The large symbol at the extreme left
side of the Arrow confirms the duration of about 1 year, again. It symbolizes the crater of the
Volcano. The first word of the Coelbren text has only 1 letter, confirming it, again.
The second stroke in the mid-section has a split end on top, and it is leaning to the right. It ap-
pears to encode 2 hundred thousand casualties. The hexagon determines the six figures of this
number. The fifth stroke in the mid-section is also leaning to the right. It corresponds to an ad-
ditional 50 thousand casualties. The pentagon takes care for the five figures of this number.
So, in total there were 250 thousand casualties (0.5%). The pentagon also encodes the initial
world population of c.50 million men. Together with the W-sign, it corresponds to the 5+3= 8
figures of this number.
The two strokes at the extreme right side, and the U-sign, confirm the 2 hundred thousand vic-
tims, twice. The corresponding group has a total of five symbols, confirming the additional 50
thousand victims. The total number of 250 thousand victims is established, again.- The two
groups at the right side and the pentagon confirm the 250 thousand casualties. The linear part
of the Arrow and the large symbol at the left side total to 24+1= 25 symbols, confirming the
250 thousand casualties, again. The five groups of the Arrow confirm the world population of
c.50 million men. The 8 subgroups of the linear part illustrate the 8 figures of this number.-
The Coelbren text has 2 words of two letters and 5 words of three letters, confirming the 250
thousand victims, again. These 5 words appear to confirm the world population of c.50 milli-
on men. The 8 words of the text confirm the 8 figures of this number. (Refs.34-40,43,49-52)
Discussion
In a previous article the Catastrophe of 536/540 AD was thought to be caused by the eruption
of the Krakatau Volcano. This turns out to be wrong. The error was mainly caused by the very
prominent left edge of the Stone, which strongly resembles a Volcano, as well as the local
shape of the Ohio River, which resembles it, too. However, the message was meant in a dif-
ferent way: the features of this Comet Catastrophe were like the eruption of a Volcano, which
is a different thing, of course.
Another reason for the mistake is the rather weak carving of a Comet along the edge at the
right side. It appears, that in the time period when the Brandenburg Stone was made, the true
origin of this Catastrophe was common knowledge. However, this knowledge has completely
disappeared in the mist of time.- The true nature of this Disaster is also obvious from the men-
tioned date of the Krakatau Catastrophe in the literature, more than a century earlier: 416 AD.
This is a rather solid piece of information, which is generally not considered to be in doubt.
The Brandenburg Stone shows this date to be correct.
The petroglyph emphasizes the role of a historical Comet, which influenced human civilizati-
on in a profound way. Baillie suspected the existence of a whole series of Catastrophes by this
single Comet, but he failed to get sufficient recognition of this idea by his audience
(Refs.28-30).- The Periodicity of this Comet is c.575 years. The Brandenburg Stone shows the

24. Comet appeared in 531 AD. It means, that simple calculation provides a series of dates which
might be linked to important historical events.
Calculation shows the Comet appeared in 2919 BC, which coincides with the end of the First
Dynasty of Egypt, c.2922 BC. The official reason for the end of this dynasty is presently un-
known. So, it opens up a whole series of interesting speculations.
The Comet appeared again in 2344 BC, which coincides with the date of the Biblical Flood.
The Comet clearly is the cause of this Flood. It ended the Fifth Dynasty, and after a while the
Old Kingdom. All other civilizations on Earth were terminated as well. In Egypt it was the
start of the First Intermediate period (FIP).- The Comet appeared again in 1769 BC, which is
c.24 years after what appears to be the best date of the end of the 12th Dynasty of the Middle
Kingdom, c.1793 BC. The reason for the end of the Middle Kingdom is presently unknown,
but it is highly probable this Comet was involved. It was the start of the Second Intermediate
Period (SIP).
The Comet appeared again in 1194 BC. This time the Catastrophe happened 35 years after the
appearance of the Comet, as a result of cometary debris in the solar system. The Dardanus
Flood ended the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom, and it resulted in the start of the
Third Intermediate Period (TIP). Many other civilizations in the World disappeared at the sa-
me time.- The Comet appeared again in 619 BC. It appears, that for the first time people on
Earth were rather lucky. A cosmic collision with the tail of the Comet, or with debris from this
object, did not occur.
However, it returned in 44 BC. For the first time it resembled a Volcano Catastrophe. It ended
the Ptolemaic Dynasty, and it was the beginning of the time period of the Roman Emperors.
Actually, it coincided with the birth of the Christian Era, in which we are presently living.
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