THE CGIAR AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Valmonte-Santos, Rowena A. 2023. The CGIAR and Agriculture Sector. PowerPoint presentation given to students of AG 4390/AG 5371: Global Agriculture Leadership Academy. Department of Agriculture, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, March 22, 2023.

1. AG 4390/AG 5371: Global Agriculture Leadership Academy THE CGIAR AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR Rowena Andrea Valmonte-Santos Senior Research Analyst International Food Policy Research Institute Department of Agriculture Texas State University| 22 March 2023

2. SCHEDULE 1:00-3:00pm, Wednesday, March 22: CGIAR and its Research Centers Agriculture Sector and Common Pool Resources 2:00-4:00pm, Thursday, March 23: Common Pool Resources Collective Action and Property Rights 3:00-5:00pm, Friday, March 24: Application Country Case Study

3. CGIAR – CONSULTATIVE GROUP OF INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS

4. CGIAR - https://www.cgiar.org/

5. CGIAR - https://www.cgiar.org/ Wealth of knowledge and experience spanning 50 years that builds on a track-record of innovation and world-class research More than 8,000 scientists, researchers, technicians, and staff CGIAR staff - forefront of research providing evidence to Policymakers Innovation to partners and New tools to transform the global food system

6. CG Research Centers IRRI – International Rice Research Institute, Philippines CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research, Indonesia WorldFish Center, Malaysia ICRISAT – International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, India IWMI – International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka ICRAF – World Agroforestry, Kenya ILRI – International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya and Ethiopia IITA – International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria Africa Rice Center – Cote d’Ivoire ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Lebanon Bioversity International - Italy CIP – International Potato Center, Peru CIAT – International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Colombia CIMMYT – International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute, USA

7. CGIAR Research Initiatives Developed in 2020-2021 – in consultation with Research Centers Financial institutions (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, World Bank, USAID, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, etc ) Stakeholders (Developed, Developing Country partners; Government; NGOs; Policy Think-Tank (Academe, other international/regional/national research organizations) Operationalized in 2021 Research Initiatives started in 2022

8. CGIAR Research Initiatives

9. Research Initiatives

10. The International Rice Research Institute

11. IRRI and the Philippines Movement to increase yields by using: New, high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat Irrigation Fertilizers Pesticides Crucial step was breeding the fertilizer-and water-responsive varieties of rice and wheat 1960 - Ford and Rockefeller Foundations Famine threats in Asia Established and funded IRRI, Philippines Green Revolution Termed coined by U.S. Agency for International Development director William Gaud (March 1968)

12. CGIAR Scientists and Green Revolution Norman Borlaug 1940s-50s: Wheat varieties, CIMMYT Founder, The World Food Prize 1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Henry M. Beachell and Gurdev Singh Khush 1963: IR36 rice varieties, IRRI 1996 World Food Prize Sources: World Food Prize; Farming in the 1950s and 1960s; IRRI 50 th Anniversary Peter Jennings 1962: IR8 rice varieties, IRRI

13. THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR Photo by: Jonald John Morales Source: Integrated rice-fish farming

14. Agriculture Sector: Common Property Resources Resources: Land, Water Livelihoods of the poor, women, pastoralists, fishers, forest-dependent communities Fuel, fodder, medicines etc. Often not marketed, not counted Environmental services: carbon, water, soils, biodiversity, pollination Natural resource systems or socially created – large enough that exclusion of potential users is difficult or costly Shared resources Sustained use demand collective action (cooperation and coordination) Source: Collective action and common pool resources

15. Mosaic of land use and tenure types Photo credit: CIFOR

16. Issues on Common Pool Resources

17. Source: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 2021

18. Property Rights Source: Ruth Meinzen-Dick 2021

19. Summary Collective Action and Property Rights Institutions and Governance Thursday CGIAR Research IRRI and the Green Revolution Common Resources in Agriculture Issues on Common Resources

20. Questions?