The Contemporary World (Movement and Sys

Contemporary World

1. MOVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

2. Key Terms demography migration sustainable development population climate change overpopulation sustainability

3. Demography Demography is the statistical study of human populations. Demographers use census data, surveys, and statistical models to analyze the size, movement, and structure of populations

4. Migration The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, to settle in another; an instance of this. Human beings have always moved from 'one country, locality, [and] place of residence to settle in another’. The movement of people from one place to another with the purpose of changing their residence, either temporarily or permanently

5. Sustainability Sustainability is ability to maintain or support a process over time. Sustainability is often broken into three core concepts: economic, environmental, and social. Many businesses and governments have committed to sustainable goals, such as reducing their environmental footprints and conserving resources

6. Sustainable development Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. An approach to the economic development of a country without compromising the quality of the environment for future generations

7. Population The whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region. The total of individuals occupying an area or making up a whole The projected world population on Jan. 1, 2024, is 8,019,876,189, an increase of 75,162,541 (0.95%) from New Year's Day 2023.

8. Overpopulation Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. when population exceeds the carrying capacity of a region or the planet

9. Climate change Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature.

10. MOVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

11. Global Demography One of the most important components of globalization is people. Thus, the study of demography is important to understand the role of population in globalization. Demography is the science of population. It seeks to understand the dynamics of population in terms of birth, migration, aging, as well as death ( Saluba , et. al, 2018:140).

12. Global Demography When there are changes in demography, there are also impacts on the political, environmental, economic, and socio-cultural areas of global relations among countries. For instance, the economic system of a country might be affected depending on the number of its population. Most of the time, overpopulation is being considered as the major cause of poverty

13. Population Control Strategies Family Planning Anti-birth Policies Economic Improvement

14. Population Control Strategies Family Planning  “the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. Modern family planning methods are further categorized into three subgroups: short-term methods (the pill, condoms, foaming tablets,etc . long term methods (injectables, implants and IUDs) permanent methods (female and male sterilization)

15. Population Control Strategies Anti-birth Policies One-child policy , official program initiated in the late 1970s and early ’80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China’s enormous population. It was announced in late 2015 that the program was to end in early 2016.

16. Population Control Strategies Economic Improvement Economic growth is an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy. Increases in capital goods, labor force, technology, and human capital can all contribute to economic growth.

17. Population Control Strategies Economic Improvement Economic Development Examples New Businesses : Creating programs to encourage the opening of new businesses. Infrastructure: Building better infrastructure through highway improvements. Education: Building a new school or library in a community. Policies: Implementing policies like the giving of incentives for startups

18. Population Theories Malthusian Theory – posits that humans reproduced faster than their ability to produce food. ( Abelos , et. al, 2018) Malthus's population theory meant that food production increases in mathematical rates, which means that the population increases gradually, on the other hand, the population grows at a geometric rate or faster. Naturally the population increases faster than the food supply.

19. Question Do you agree with the Malthusian Theory? Explain your answer

20. Population Theories Demographic Transition Theory – states that changes in the rate of population growth is a result of industrialization of society. ( Abelos , et. al, 2018) Demographic Transition Model—suggests a shift from high fertility/high mortality to low fertility/low mortality, with an intermediate period of rapid growth during which declining fertility rates lag behind declining mortality rates.

21. Population Theories Demographic Transition Theory China experienced a demographic transition with high death rate and low fertility rate from 1959 to 1961 due to the great famine. However, as a result of the economic improvement, the birth rate increased and mortality rate declined in China before the early 1970s.

22. Population Theories Demographic Transition Theory The demographic transition model was initially proposed in 1929 by demographer Warren Thompson. The model has four stages : pre-industrial, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial, and post-industrial.

23. Population Theories Demographic Transition Theory In the pre-industrial stage , crude birth rates and crude death rates remain close to each other keeping the population relatively level. During the urbanizing/industrializing stage, however, improvements in health care delivery and medicines, coupled with investments in sanitation and infrastructure, bring a sharp drop in the crude death rates.

24. Population Theories Demographic Transition Theory During the mature industrial stage , crude death rates continue to decline, and it is theorized that economic development within the society bring incentives to bring the crude birth rates down slightly, however, the overall population continues to climb in an exponential j-curve. In the post-industrial stage , the population growth begins to level off because the crude birth rates have reduced to closely follow the crude death rates.

25. Global Migration The movement of people from one place to another shows how countries are getting closer and borderless. Politically, representatives of governments can easily meet overseas. Economically, people are working abroad and doing businesses outside their own countries. Moreover, people from different nations are socially interacting and sharing cultures. Globalization is both a cause and effect of migration .

26. Two Types of Migration Internal Migration - is the movement of people from one place to another within a country. ( Saluba , et. al, 2018:154)   International Migration - is the movement of people from one country to another. ( Saluba , et. al, 2018:154)

27. Push and Pull Factors Push Factors – refers to any human or natural factors that force or encourage people to leave their settlement or residences. It could be social, political, economic, or environmental factors. ( Saluba , et. al, 2018:155-157) Pull Factors – refers to any human or natural factors that attract people to migrate and live in a new location. These factors could be social, political, economic, and environmental as well. ( Saluba , et. al, 2018:158)

28. Push and Pull Factors Push Factors – Examples of push factors include economic factors like a lack of economic opportunity and jobs, escape from religious or cultural persecution, and natural disasters - towns and villages being destroyed by volcanoes, hurricanes, flooding, drought, and earthquakes.

29. Push and Pull Factors Pull Factors – Common pull factors include: Employment opportunities. Higher income. Better working conditions and facilities. Educational opportunities. Higher living standards. Better public services. Religious freedom. Freedom of expression.

30. Question What is the role of migration in globalization process? Explain your answer

31. Environmental Sustainability and Development Globalization brought the world into shared needs and problems. Consequently, development becomes the common goal of all. In order to have continues development, sustainability is important. Sustainability is the ability of something to maintain itself and the capacity to endure. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, sustainability or sustainable development refers to the development that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

32. Three Pillars of Sustainability

33. Three Pillars of Sustainability Environmental – protection of nature, conservation of resources, and preservation of wildlife. Social – equality and fairness among people and communities. Economic – long-term production, proper use, management of resources.

34. The Seventeen (17) United Nations Sustainable Development Goals GOAL 1: No Poverty GOAL 2: Zero Hunger GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being GOAL 4: Quality Education GOAL 5: Gender Equality GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production GOAL 13: Climate Action GOAL 14: Life Below Water GOAL 15: Life on Land GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal

35. Question What are the importance of UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

36. Summary One of the most important components of globalization is people. Thus, the study of demography is important to understand the role of population in globalization. When there are changes in demography, there are also impacts on the political, environmental, economic, and socio-cultural areas of global relations among countries. The movement of people from one place to another shows how countries are getting closer and borderless. Globalization is both a cause and effect of migration. Lastly, globalization brought the world into shared needs and problems. Consequently, development becomes the common goal of all. In order to have continues development, sustainability is important.

37. Case Study 1 Sustainable Development The students will list programs, methods or processes done by countries around the globe which are considered as sustainable development. Students must explain the details of each sustainable program being implemented in the country. From the list , Choose one that can be a Game Changer and explain why.

38. Case Study 1 By partner To be presented using any presentation application 5 minutes presentation Presentation day May 14, 2024

39. Quiz