The Distribution of Power between Federal and Provincial Governments | Federalism in Pakistan Explained

This presentation explains the distribution of power between the Federal Government and Provincial Governments in Pakistan. It provides a clear overview of how authority is divided under a federal system, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of each level of government.

Key topics covered:

What is Federalism and how it works in Pakistan

Powers of the Federal Government (Defense, Foreign Affairs, Currency, Taxation, etc.)

Powers of the Provincial Governments (Education, Health, Agriculture, Local Government, etc.)

Roles of the President, Prime Minister, Chief Minister, Cabinet, and Secretaries

The Concurrent List: Shared responsibilities between federal and provincial governments

This resource is especially useful for students, researchers, teachers, and competitive exam aspirants (CSS, PMS, UPSC, Civil Services) who want to understand governance and constitutional frameworks in Pakistan.

📌 Ideal for academic study, research, and classroom presentations.

1. The Distribution of Power between Federal and Provinces

2. Outline Federal Government Distribution of Power in federal Provincial Government Distribution of Power in Provinces

3. Federal Government Simply put, "federalism" refers to a system of government where power is divided between a central (national) government and individual states or provinces. This means that some responsibilities, such as national defense, are handled by the central government, while others, such as education and law enforcement, are handled by the states or provinces. The goal of this system is to balance central authority with regional autonomy.

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5. Members of Federal Govt President Prime Minister Federal Cabinet Federal Minister Minister of state Secretary Additional secretary Joint secretary Deputy Secretary

6. Provincial Government In Pakistan, provinces are territorial divisions with their own governments, such as Punjab and Sindh. Each province has its own leader and handles local affairs, while the federal government oversees national issues. This system decentralizes governance for better local representation and administration .

7. Members of Provincial Government Provincial Governor Chief Minister Cabinet Chief Secretary Secretary Additional Secretary Deputy Secretary Section Officer

8. President Head of state and the executive branch. Appoints the Prime Minister and federal ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. Signs bills into law after approval by the Parliament. Represents Pakistan internationally. Policy Role: Limited direct influence on policy, but acts as a safeguard and can influence public opinion . President of Pakistan Arif Alvi

9. Cont.……. Head of state and the executive branch. Appoints the Prime Minister and federal ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. Signs bills into law after approval by the Parliament. Represents Pakistan internationally. Policy Role: Limited direct influence on policy, but acts as a safeguard and can influence public opinion.

10. Prime Minister Head of government and chairs the federal cabinet. Formulates and implements government policies. Oversees the work of federal ministries and departments. Appoints federal secretaries and other senior officials. Policy Role: Primary decision-maker for government policy. Sets the overall direction and priorities. Shehbaz Sharif

11. Federal Cabinet Consists of federal ministers who head specific federal ministries. Collectively responsible for formulating and implementing government policies. Advises the Prime Minister on policy matters. Policy Role: Plays a key role in the preparation and approval of government policies.

12. Federal Minister The head of a specific federal ministry (e.g., Finance, Foreign Affairs, Defense). Responsible for formulating and implementing policies within the scope of his ministry. Oversees the work of his ministry's departments and agencies. Reports to the Prime Minister. Policy Role: Formulates and implements specific policies within the scope of his ministry's responsibility.

13. Ministry of State Similar to a federal ministry but with a smaller focus and budget. Headed by a Minister of State who reports to a relevant federal minister. Policy Role: Supports the relevant federal ministry in policy development and implementation.

14. Secretary Highest-ranking civil servant in a federal ministry. Provides administrative and technical support to the minister. Implements the policies and programs of the ministry. Advises the minister on policy matters. Policy Role: Plays a crucial role in advising ministers and shaping policies, but ultimately does not have decision-making authority.

15. Additional Secretary Assists the Secretary in managing the ministry. Takes on specific responsibilities within the ministry. May have specialized expertise in a particular area. Policy Role: Supports the Secretary in developing and implementing policies.

16. Joint Secretary Head of a department within a federal ministry. Responsible for the day-to-day operations of their department. Implements policies developed by the Secretary and Additional Secretary. Policy Role: Has some influence on policy development within their department but primarily focuses on implementation .

17. Deputy Secretary Assists the Joint Secretary in managing their department. May have specific responsibilities within the department. Policy Role: Provides technical and administrative support to the Joint Secretary and has limited influence on policy development.

18. Section Officer Role: Responsible for handling specific tasks and responsibilities assigned by their superiors within a department. Responsibilities: Assisting the Deputy Secretary in managing their department. Handling administrative and technical tasks such as file management, drafting letters and reports, and processing applications .

19. Cont.… Providing support in implementing policies and programs. Policy Role: Limited direct influence on policy development but provides essential administrative and technical support for policy implementation. May contribute to policy development through research, analysis, and preparation of reports.

20. Responsibilities Defense Foreign policy Currency Taxation Customs Immigration Railways National highways

21. Cont.… Postal services Telecommunications Radio and television broadcasting Nuclear energy Scientific and technological research Higher education

22. Provincial Governor Appointed by the federal government to represent the federal government in the province. Responsible for upholding the constitution and ensuring smooth governance. Limited powers to influence provincial policy. Policy role: Primarily ceremonial, but can act as a protector and influence public opinion. Muhammad Baligh Ur Rahman

23. Chief Minister Head of the provincial government and chairs the provincial cabinet. Formulates and implements provincial policies within the framework of the constitution. Oversees the work of provincial ministries and departments. Appoints provincial secretaries and other senior officials. Policy Role: Primary decision-maker for provincial policy. Sets the overall direction and priorities for the province . Mohsin Naqvi

24. Cabinet Composed of provincial ministers who head specific provincial ministries. Collectively responsible for formulating and implementing provincial policies. Advises the Chief Minister on policy matters. Policy Role: Plays a key role in developing and approving provincial policies.

25. Chief Secretary Highest-ranking civil servant in the provincial government. Provides administrative and technical support to the Chief Minister and the cabinet. Implements the policies and programs of the provincial government. Advises the Chief Minister on policy matters. Policy Role: Plays a crucial role in advising the Chief Minister and the cabinet, shaping policies, and ensuring their implementation. Zahid Akhtar

26. Secretary Head of a specific provincial ministry (e.g., Finance, Education, Health). Responsible for formulating and implementing policies within their ministry's domain. Oversees the work of their ministry's departments and agencies. Reports to the Chief Minister through the Chief Secretary. Policy Role: Develops and implements specific policies within their ministry's area of responsibility . Syed Ali Imran Rizvi

27. Additional Secretary Assists the Secretary in managing the ministry. Takes on specific responsibilities within the ministry. May have specialized expertise in a particular area. Policy Role: Supports the Secretary in developing and implementing policies. Ali Tahir(additional Finance secretary)

28. Deputy Secretary Head of a department within a provincial ministry. Responsible for the day-to-day operations of their department. Implements policies developed by the Secretary and Additional Secretary. Policy Role: Has some influence on policy development within their department but primarily focuses on implementation. Adnan Arshad(Sports)

29. Section Officers Assists the Deputy Secretary in managing their department. Handles specific tasks and responsibilities assigned by their superiors. Policy Role: Provides administrative and technical support to the Deputy Secretary and has limited influence on policy development. Tariq Khan(Sindh)

30. Responsibilities Education Healthcare Agriculture Local government Public works Police Forests Irrigation Environment Mines and minerals Wildlife

31. Concurrent Subject In federal systems, a "concurrent list" refers to a set of subjects that both the national and state/provincial governments have the authority to legislate on. This allows for flexibility and coordination in addressing certain issues across different levels of government.

32. Concurrent subject Labour Environment Social welfare Tourism Housing Urban planning Price control

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