The French Revolution( class - 9th ).pptx

The French Revolution[a] was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy,[1] while its values and institutions remain central to modern French political discourse.[2]

Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political, and economic factors, which the Ancien Régime proved unable to manage. A financial crisis and widespread social distress led in May 1789 to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, among them the abolition of feudalism, state control over the Catholic Church in France, and a declaration of rights.

The next three years were dominated by the struggle for political control, exacerbated by economic depression. Military defeats following the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in April 1792 resulted in the insurrection of 10 August 1792. The monarchy was abolished and replaced by the French First Republic in September, while Louis XVI was executed in January 1793.

After another revolt in June 1793, the constitution was suspended and effective political power passed from the National Convention to the Committee of Public Safety. About 16,000 people were executed in a Reign of Terror, which ended in July 1794. Weakened by external threats and internal opposition, the Republic was replaced in 1795 by the Directory. Four years later in 1799, the Consulate seized power in a military coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte. This is generally seen as marking the end of the Revolutionary period.

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Main article: Causes of the French Revolution
The Revolution was the result of multiple long-term and short-term factors that culminated in a social, economic, financial and political crisis in the late 1780s.[3][4][5] Combined with resistance to reform by the ruling elite, and indecisive policy by Louis XVI and his ministers, the state was unable to manage the crisis.[6][7]

Between 1715 and 1789, the French population grew from an estimated 21 to 28 million.[8] The proportion of the population living in towns increased to 20%, and Paris alone had over 600,000 inhabitants.[8] Peasants comprised about 80% of the population, but the middle classes tripled over the century, reaching almost 10% of the population by 1789.[9] Although the 18th century was a period of increasing prosperity, the benefits were distribution of the french

1. The French Revolution: An Overview The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of radical social and political change in France that had a profound impact on the country and the world.

2. Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution was caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and intellectual factors, including financial crisis, social inequality, and Enlightenment ideas.

3. The Estates-General of 1789 The Estates-General was a general assembly representing the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. It was summoned by King Louis XVI to address the financial crisis.

4. The National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath After being locked out of their meeting hall, members of the Third Estate met in a nearby tennis court and swore the Tennis Court Oath, vowing not to disband until a new constitution was created.

5. The Fall of the Bastille On July 14, 1789, a Parisian crowd stormed the Bastille prison, symbolizing the end of the king's absolute power and the beginning of the revolution.

6. The Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) was a period of extreme violence during the French Revolution, marked by mass executions and political purges led by the Committee of Public Safety.

7. The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte rose to prominence during the later stages of the French Revolution, eventually seizing power in a coup d'état in 1799 and establishing himself as the ruler of France.

8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Adopted in 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was a fundamental document of the French Revolution, asserting the equality and rights of all men.

9. The Women's March on Versailles In October 1789, thousands of women marched from Paris to Versailles to demand bread and force the royal family to move to Paris, showing the power of popular protest.

10. The Guillotine and the Execution of Louis XVI King Louis XVI was tried and executed by guillotine in January 1793, marking a significant moment in the revolution and the end of the monarchy in France.

11. The Impact of the French Revolution The French Revolution had a profound impact on the course of history, leading to the rise of democracy, the spread of nationalism, and significant social and political changes.

12. Legacy of the French Revolution The French Revolution's legacy includes the promotion of republicanism, the spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe, and the establishment of many modern political ideologies.