The Functionalist theories :Durkheim, kinsley Davis, Willbert Moore

The Functionalist theories :Durkheim, kinsley Davis-Willbert Moore

1. Welcome to our presentation

2. Group no: 02 Name Id Abu Raihan 1615015 Eila Khatun 1615038

3. The topic for our presentation The Functionalist theories :Durkheim, kinsley Davis- Willbert Moore

4. Outline Introduction Email Durkheim theories of social inequality Functionlaism Division of labour Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Organic Solidarity Email Durkheim Main works of Durkheim Kinsley Davis theories of social inequality Functionalist view of wilbert moore Summary of the moore and Davis thesis Criticism of the Davis and Moore thesis Conclusion : Thanks to all.

5. Email Durkheim theories of Social inequality Email Durkheim was a well-know sociologist famous for his views on the structure of society. His work focused on how traditional and modern Societies evolved and function.Durkheim theories were founded on the concept of social facts, defined as thehe norms,values and structure of society. This perspective of society of differed from other sociologists of his era As Durkheims theories were founded on things external in nature as opposed to those internal in nature ;such as the motivations and desires of individuals.According to Durkheim collective consciousness, values and rules are critical to a functional society.

6. Functionalism Functionalism emphasizesa social equilibrium. It something happens to disrupt the order and the flow of the system ;Society must adjust to achieve a stable state. According to Durkheim, Society should be analyzed and described in terms of function. Society is a system of interrelated parts where no one part changes, ot has an impact on society as a whole.

7. Functionalism For example, The state provides public education for children. The family of the children pays taxes,which the user for public education go on tobecome law abiding and working citizens, who pay taxex to support the state lets look at this example again. The state provides public education for children. But a disruption or disequilibrium is the system occurs-perhaps the education is the subpar and the children dropout and become criminals. The system adjust to improve the education and attemptss to rehabilitate the criminal for them to bee becon law-abiding and taxpaying citizens. Durkhei actually viewed crime and deliquent behaviour as a normal and necessary occurrences in the social system he proposed that crime led to reactionss from Society about the crime.These shared reactionss were used to create common consensus of what individuals felt were moral and ethical norms by which to abide..

8. Division of Labour Durkheim concept of the division of labour focused on the shift in societies from a simple society to one that is more complex. He argued that traditional Societies were made up of homogeneous. People that were more or less same in the terms of values, religious, beliefs and backgroundss. Modern Societies, in contrast, are made up of a complex division of labour, beliefss and backgrounds. .In the traditional Societies,the collective consciousness ruled, Social norms were strong and social behaviour was well regulated.In modern societies common consciousness was less oblivious was less punitive and more restitutive,amining to restore bormal aactivity to society.

9. Machanical and Organic Solidarity Machanical Solidarity occurs wwhen individual whitin Structural units are a lilike and self-suffiicient. For example, In traditional Societies, people prew their own food,made their own clolthes and had little need for extensive Social contact with others because they did not have to rely on other for daily needs.

10. Organic Solidarity Organic Solidarity is when a large population is stratified into Smaller Structural units. there's a high level of interdependence among individuals and structures but thes still a ddivision of people a llong the lines of type. Durkheim recognized that things llike increased communication, transportation and I interaction with oothers resulted in the social cchange from a mmechanical solidarity to organic.

11. Email Durkheim Email Durkheim [1858-1917] was most iimportant French Sociologist of the 19th Century. He was an erudite Scholar, aa deep thinker; a progressive educationalist;an effective Writer. Durkheim was born in a jewish family at Epinal in the eastern. French on 15 th April 1885.

12. Main Works of Dukheim 1"The Division of labour in society ",1893 2"The Rules of Sociological Method ",1895 3"Suicide ",1897 4"The Elementary forms of religious life;1911

13. Kinslely Davis theories of social inequality Kinsley Davis maintained that conflict may facilitate stratification but has never originated it.He aattributed social stratification to inherited individual differences iin environmental condition. Kinsley Davis has stated that the stratification system is universal. According to him, It has come into being due to the functional necessity of the social system. The main fubctional nnecessity is,"the requirement faced by any society of placing and motivating individual in the Social structure. " Social stratification is ann unconsciously evolved device by which Societies ensure that the most important positions are consciously filled by the most qualified person.

14. Functionalist view of Wilbert Moore Wilbert Moore (1945)Society must distribute its members among a variety of social position. It must not only make sure that these positions are filled.but also see that they are staffed by people with the appropriate talents and abilities. Rewards, including money and prestige are based on the important of a position and the relative-scarcity of qualified personal. Moore argue that stratification is universal and that social inequality is necessary so that people will bee motivated to fill functionally important positions.

15. Summary of the Moore and Davis thesis 1.Social positions have varying degrees of functional iimportance . 2.Telented and trained individuals are scarce because acquisition of training and skills requires people to be sufficiently motivated to pursue them. 3.Stratification or distribution of rewards ensures that the most talented and trained individualss will fulfill the social roles of greatest important.

16. Criticism of the Davis and Moore thesis a.Scarcity of rewards is not a"natureal " scarcity. but rather an arti'cal scarcity especially within a system of private property in production property is for example, exclusionaary rights. b.Some rewards are not functionally determined at all,but rather must be understood,.within the context of wealth ownership and institution of inheritance.

17. Conclusion

18. Thanks to all.