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1. The Great Fire of London - 1066 - Britain’s Greatest Fall History – L2

2. FUN FACT

3. What was London like in 1066? 01 Generally what can we expect from London in 1066?

4. London in 1666 London in 1066 – Largest city in England (350,000 people) Dirty city with narrow, winding streets Open fires were used for cooking and heating No organised fire services Most buildings were made of wood and thatch, packed tightly together. Streets were narrow, dirty, and full of rats. The city was recovering from the Great Plague of 1665. Rich and poor lived very different lives — the poor worked hard and lived in slums. There was no fire brigade, NHS, or police. Children worked from a young age, and illness was common. The River Thames was a busy trade route with flammable goods stored in warehouses. King Charles II ruled the country, and religion was very important to people. Londoners were resilient, but a new disaster was about to strike.

5. How did the fire start? 2 Hints – (wooden ______ , _______ lane, __ September)

6. How did the fire start? First started in the early house of 2 nd September 1666 In a bakery of a man called Thomas Farriner on Pudding lane near London Bridge 01:00 am sparks ignited nearby firewood and comes quickly took hold Despite early attempts to contain the fire it continued to spread

7. Timeline of Events 3 What happened in the 5 days

8. Timeline of Key Events Fire breaks out but little is done to stop it 2 nd September

9. Timeline of Key Events Fire breaks out but little is done to stop it Wind causes fire to spread rapidly 2 nd September 3 rd September

10. Timeline of Key Events Fire reaches St Paul’s Cathedral and is consumed by flames Fire breaks out but little is done to stop it Wind causes fire to spread rapidly 4 th September 2 nd September 3 rd September

11. Timeline of Key Events Fire reaches St Paul’s Cathedral and is consumed by flames Fire breaks out but little is done to stop it Fire continues to burn but gunpowder is used to create firebreaks Wind causes fire to spread rapidly 4 th September 2 nd September 5 th September 3 rd September

12. Timeline of Key Events Fire reaches St Paul’s Cathedral and is consumed by flames Fire breaks out but little is done to stop it Fire continues to burn but gunpowder is used to create firebreaks Wind causes fire to spread rapidly 4 th September 2 nd September 5 th September 3 rd September 6 th September Fire finally comes to an end but caused massive destruction

13. What caused the spread of the fire? 4 Possible reasons the fire lead on for 5 days

14. Why did the fire spread so quickly? Dry summer: London had experienced months without rain. Timber buildings: Most buildings were made of wood, and many had overhanging upper floors. Strong wind: The easterly wind carried embers across the city. No fire service: There was no official fire brigade. Citizens used buckets of water and fire-hooks. Close-packed streets: Buildings were tightly crammed together, especially in poorer areas.

15. Aftermath 5 What happened after the fire

16. What was destroyed? The fire destroyed a huge portion of the city: Over 13,000 homes Around 87 churches 44 company halls (used by trade guilds) St Paul’s Cathedral — completely gutted The Royal Exchange, Custom House, and many warehouses Four out of the city’s seven gates Approximately 80% of the old City of London was affected

17. What happened to the people? There was widespread panic, fear and blame. Some accused Catholics, foreigners or the Dutch and French Over 70,000 people were left homeless ; King Charles II personally coordinated efforts and relief for victims

18. What changed after the fire? The Rebuilding Act (1667): New buildings had to be made from brick or stone, not flammable timber. Wider, straighter streets replaced cramped medieval alleys to improve safety and reduce crowding. Fire insurance companies were founded, which led to the eventual creation of the London Fire Brigade. The fire gave rise to modern urban planning, with clear layouts and building regulations to prevent future disasters. Famous architect Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt more than 50 churches, including the magnificent new St Paul’s Cathedral, completed in 1710.

19. QUESTIONS