The Historical Antecedents 2024 for Science and Society.pptx

The Historical Antecedents 2024 for Science and Society

1. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

2. The Mesopotamian Civilization.(8000 BC) The Indus RiverValley Civilization.(1500 BC) The Egyptian Civilization.(332 BC) The Mayan Civilization.(250AD) The Ancient Chinese Civilizations/Dynasties. (1700 – 1046 BC) The Incas Civilization. (1438 – 1533 AD) The Aztec Civilization. (1200 AD) The Greek Civilization. (1210 AD) The Roman Civilization.(8000 BC)

3. Purpose Is to unite the populace that inhibit one common land. Significance Brought fort common day countries and societies. Impact Unity in living among people and survival increased than those of the ones living a nomadic life.

4. The word Democracy came from the Greek word “Demokratia” which translates to “Rule by the people.” Introduced by Cleisthenes in 507 BC; was also the rulerof Athens. This form of Government is separated into threeinstitutions. Namely: Ekklesia, Boule and Dikasteria.

5. Purpose To give people the rights to hear their voice in decision making. Significance The freedom of speech and the power to vote of the populace. Impact This type of government is still being used up to this day.

6. In 490 BC a Greek soldier ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver a message of the Athenian Victory against the Persians in the battle of Marathon. And the Distance from Marathon to Athens was over 26 miles. Over the centuries this story was conflated with another more famous Greek soldier Pheiddipides ran from Athens to Sparta to warn other Greeks of the Persian invasion, reportedly covering 250 km of uneven terrain in only two days.

7. Purpose - The sole purpose of the original event was to give the news of the Athenians havingwon over the Persians. Significance Has inspired the Olympics game event –“Marathon”. Impact Has now the Olympic event –“Marathon”.

8. Invented around 3000 BC by the Egyptians. Made from the pith of the papyrus plant. Made with pens made from reeds, mixed wit soot, beeswax and vegetable gum to make ink.

9. Purpose - The modern day Paper Significance - To replace the medium of writing on; instead of embedding/carving messages on stone, they now write on the Papyrus. Impact - Had many usage; books,newspapers, etc.

10. It shared the turn of events – such as military victories, gladiatorial bouts, and other bouts. First used around 131 BC After Julius Caesar and the Acta Senatus began chronicling the activities of the Acta Diurna which continued publication under the Roman Empire (27 BC), it can be considered as the prototype Newspaper.

11. Purpose served as gazette of political and social happenings in ancient Rome. Significance Was consideredthe prototype for Newspaper. Impact Used the idea to make and use newspaper

12. MEDIEVAL HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

13. BATTLE OF HASTINGS BEFORE THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

14. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR HAROLD GODWINSON EDWARD THE CONFESSOR

15. AFTER THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS K I N G W I L L I AM I

16. P UR POS E Politics Battle for the throne SIGNIFICANCE Re-establishment of the government seats Ended the Anglo-Saxon era IMPACT Power status of England

17. THE GREAT SCHISM OF 1054

18. The split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches

19. MICHAE L CERULAR I US (EASTERN CHURCH) Pope Leo IX (Western Church)

20. REASONS FOR THE GREAT SCHISM

21. PU R POSE Political recognition Religious causes Special authority SIGNIFICANCE The first permanent major split in the Christian Church. The outcome was the creation of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches. Led to the development of the modern Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. IMPACT Damaging effect on both the population and the church itself.

22. MAGNA CARTA “THE GREAT CHARTER”

23. KING JOHN OF ENGLAND KING HENRY lll KING HENRY lll

24. MAGNA CARTA 1215

25. MAGNA CARTA, 1225

26. THE ARTICLES OF THE BARONS

27. THE PAPAL BULL ANNULLING MAGNA CARTA

28. P U R POSE Political crisis faced in 1215 The Magna Carta demonstrated that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant SIGNIFICANCE The Magna Carta founded the English Liberties of today The rights given to the barons were eventually given to everyone IMPACT Foundation of democracy in England Influenced the united states constitution and the bill of right

29. HUNDRED YEARS OF WAR (ENGLAND AND FRANCE) 1337 TO 1453

30. KING EDWARD III OF ENGLAND KING CHARLES V OF FRANCE

31. KING CHARLES VII OF FRANCE KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND

32. PURPOSE OVER SUCCESSION TO THE FRANCE THRONE ECONOMICALLY ISSUE SIGNIFICANCE The Hundred year’s war was a series of conflict waged from 1337 to 1453 by the house of Plantagenet, rulers of the kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the kingdom of France. IMPACT 100 Years war end in1453 and results in: Feelings of Nationalism in France and England Power of French Monarch increased Civil war erupts in England (War of the Roses)

33. The Domesday Book

34. Why is it called the 'Domesday'Book? It was written by an observer of the survey that "there was no single hide nor a yard of land, nor indeed one ox nor one cow nor one pig which was left out" . The grand and comprehensive scale on which the Domesday survey took place, and the irreversible nature of the information collected led people to compareit to the Last Judgement, or 'Doomsday', described in the Bible, when the deeds of Christians writtenin the Book of Life were to be placed before God for judgement. This name was not adopteduntil the late 12th Century. What is the DomesdayBook? The Domesday Book is a great land survey from 1086, commissioned by William the Conqueror to assess the extent of theland and resources being owned in England atthe time, and the extent of the taxes he could raise. The information collected wasrecorded by hand in two huge books, in the space of around a year. William died before it wasfully completed. What information is in thebook? The Domesday Book providesextensive records of landholders, their tenants, the amount of land they owned, how many people occupied the land (villagers, smallholders, free men, slaves, etc.), the amountsof woodland, meadow, animals, fish and ploughs on the land (if there were any) and other resources, any buildings present (churches, castles, mills, salthouses, etc.), and the whole purpose of the survey - the value of the land and its assets, before the Norman Conquest, after it, and at the timeof Domesday. Some entries also chronicle disputes over who held land, some mention customary dues that had to be paid to the king, and entries for major towns include records of traders and number of houses. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

35. PURPOSE SUBSTANTIAL FUNDING TO LET WILLIAM KNOW HOW MUCH LAND HE OWN HE COULD WORK OUT HOW MUCH HE COULD TAX PEOPLE SIGNIFICANCE TO DISCOVER THE WEALTH OF ENGLAND INFORMATION ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION OF THE COUNTRY IMPACT IT HELPED ESTABLISHED ENGLAND HELPED WILLIAM GET MORE POWER BUILT A GOOD TAX COLLECTION SYSTEM HE KNEW HOW MANY PEOPLE WHERE LOYAL TO HIM

36. MODERN ERA TECHNOLOGY

37. RE C A P What is Technology? It is the Applications of Science , and which may be considered useful, by promoting the benefit of society, together with the compensation of those who pursue them.

38. MODERN ERA It is also called the “Early Period”. “Modern” comes from the latin word “Modo” which means“Just Now”.

39. AI or Artificial Intelligence Intelligence demonstrated by machines. It is an any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. It also uses “cognitive” function that humans associate withother human minds, such as learning and problem solving. The purpose is to adapt cognitive simulation, Statistical learning and logic programming. It is mainly used in Heavy Industries, Gaming, MedTech and Financial system

40. P R O J E C T O R A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Mostly, projectors are used in everyday lives, school, work, cinemas and advertising Projectors are highly in demand, in every classroom there is atleast one (1) projector for students to learn from teachers.

41. P I CTU R ES

42. History of CCTV The earliest documented use of CCTV technology was in Germany in 1942. The system was designed by the engineer Walter Bruch and it was set up for the monitoring of V-2 rockets. It wasn’t until 1949 that the technology was launched on a commercial basis. In that year, an American government contractor named Vericon began promoting the system.

43. Purpose of CCTV Closed circuit television, better known as CCTV, allows you to monitor your properties it the most convenient yet effective way. CCTV Cameras are very important in monitoring some places in particular to prevent theft, and for the businesses, control inventory and to maximize productivity. CCTV Security Cameras can are also beneficial in monitoring places which are too risky for people to watch themselves. Some examples are the exteriors of a certain building and other quiet areas. -To do a constant patrolling on streets for traffic or for any untoward vehicular accident. -To monitor airports, railway stations, bus stations, hotels, shopping malls and all the other public places that need monitoring and protection. -To monitor and control a particular company's production. -To catch burglars and to identify them later. -To do a constant and consistent surveillance on places those need it the most.

44. Importance of CCTV The presence of CCTV as integrated security solutions can also be important for the work ethic and efficiency of employees. As their safety and wellbeing can be placed under threat by an individual who carries out violence or a criminal act, it is vital to integrate adequate protection. In doing so, it can play a fundamental role in catching any perpetrators who steal or damage valuable products or machinery, and put employees at risk. It is crucial to take security seriously in this day and age. It is not just businesses and commercial properties that need good security but it is our homes too. With crime increasing and burglaries very common place, it is very important to consider the available security options and choose one that is the best fit for you.

45. Impact of CCTV Millions of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are installed in streets and businesses throughout the world with the stated goal of reducing crime and increasing public safety. The United Kingdom is one of the most enthusiastic proponents, with an estimated 1.9 million cameras in 2011 — one for every 32 U.K. residents — and the number continues to rise. Chicago reportedly has at least 15,000 cameras installed in one of the largest U.S. networks — which has prompted civil liberties groups to express strong concerns — while in New York, cameras are increasingly found both on public transit as well as in businesses and even high-end residences According to industry estimates, the global video surveillance market is expected to grow from $11.5 billion in 2008 to $37.7 billion in 2015. A 2013 New York Times/CBS poll found that 78 % of respondents supported the use of surveillance cameras in public places, and authorities tend to point to spectacular successes.

46. What is WiFi? WiFi (or Wi-Fi) is short for Wireless Fidelity. WiFi is a wireless networking technology that allows computers, some mobile phones, iPads, game consoles and other devices to communicate over a wireless signal. Much the same way a radio can tune into a radio station signal over the airwaves, your device can pick up a signal that connects it to the internet through the air.

47. H i s t o r y Vic Hayes has been called the "father of Wi-Fi" because he chaired the IEEE committee that created the 802.11 standards in 1997. Before the public even heard of WiFi, Hayes established the standards that would make WiFi feasible. The 802.11 standard was established in 1997. Subsequently, improvements to the network bandwidth were added to the 802.11 standards. These include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and more. That's what the appended letters represent. As a consumer, the most important thing you should know is that the latest version is the best version in terms of performance and is the version you would want all your new equipment to be compatible with.

48. Purpose WiFi is a technology that uses radio waves to providenetwork connectivity. c o n n e c t i o n i s e s t a b l i s h e d A W iFi using a h o t s p o t s - wireless adapter to create a r e a s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f a wireless router that are connected to the network and allow users to access internet services.

49. Significance For most people in today’s culture, it has become a necessity to stay connected and remain accessible via the Internet at all times. Whether it is on our laptops, tablets, phones or even our watches, we must always be online. Internet mobility and being connected while on the go has raised ten fold in the last few years. This shows us that people are changing their habits when it comes to internet usage and they are no longer confined to a desktop or physical space in order to access data. In fact most people want to have immediate access right at their fingertips, which is leading to the rise in the number of smart phones being purchased as well as their capabilities and functionality .

50. Impact T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f W i F i t e c hnol o g y and i t s m a s s i v e e x p a n s i o n o f i t s u s e t o be a l l o w e d t o acce s s ea s i l y an d i t is t h e convenient to access when using i nte r ne t t h r o ug h out t h e y ea r s . T h e networks may be established by business, in the public for people to use freely, or set up for household uses. Making WiFi usable in public places benefits the public, and gives legal, social, ethical, and security issues.

51. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS: PHILIPPINES

52. ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT: BARANGAY

53. PRE-HISTORY One can better understand the history of the Republic of the PhilippinesActs 1408 and 2370and the present Barangay/Barrio Council by its historical antecedents. The present Philippine barangay council grew out of pre-Hispanic family villages called barangais or barangays. Barangay originally referred to a group of boats and their passengers who migrated to the Philippines.

54. PRE-HISTORY Each boat carried an entire family including relatives, friends, and slaves; the headship of a datu or leader. After landing, the group founded a village under its datu. Later on, barangay came to mean a village constitutedby these settlers.

55. HISTORICAL OF EDUCATION DURING SPANISH PERIOD

56. PRE-HISPANIC The education of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos was fit for the needs of their times. Alibata is an ancient writing system that was used in what is now the Philippines. During the Pre-Spanish Period education was still decentralized. They used a uniquesystem writing known asBaybayin “Baybay” literally means“to spell” inTagalog.

57. IMPACT -Education has become one of the clearest indicators of life outcomes such as employment, income and social status, and is astrong predictor of attitudesand wellbeing. SIGNIFICANCE -Education spreads awareness in society about how we can be agood social being and help others in our daily life. PURPOSE - is to provide for the fullest possible development of each learner for living morally, creatively, and productively in a democratic society.

58. LIFE SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

59. PRE-SPANISH ERA Even before the colonization by t h e Spaniards in the Philippine islands, t h e natives of the archipelago already had practices linked to science and technology. Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of extracting medicine from herbs.

60. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of Science and Technology in the archipelago. The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific institution. Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives. The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority in the Spanish era, especially in the later years. The Spanish also contributed to the field of engineering in the islands by constructing government buildings, churches, roads, bridges and forts.

61. AMERICAN PERIOD Commission established the B u r ea u of Government Laboratories which was p l aced The progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued under American rule of the islands. On July 1, 1901 The Philippine under the Department of Interior. The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, which was established under the Spanish colonial era.

62. POST COMMONWEALTH-ERA During the 1970s, which was under the time of Ferdinand Marcos' presidency, the importance given to science grew. In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, she said that science and technology development shall be one of the top three priorities of the government towards an economic recovery.

63. LIFE SCIENCES Several Filipino acientist have pioneered in the fi el d o f b i o l og y . E duard o Q uis u m bi ng , a b i o l o g i s t w h o g r adua t e d M S i n B o t a n y at t h e University of the Philippines Los Baños in 1921, and Ph. D. in Plant Taxonomy, Systematics and Morphology at the University of Chicago in 1923. He conducted research on taxonomic and morphological papers deal with orchids and authored the book Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. The species of Saccolabium quisumbingii was named after him. Figure 1Eucheumadenticulatum Figure 2 Saccolabiumquisumbingii

64. ENGINEERING Gregorio Y. Zara, a Filipino engineer and physicist that graduated BS in Mechanical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA in 1926, and Master of Science in Engineering (Aeronautical Engineering) at the University of Michigan, USA. He had many contributions including atwo-way t e l ev i s i o n t e l e p h o n e o r v i deophon e ( 19 5 5 ) pa t e n t e d a s a " ph o t o pho n e s i g n a l s ep a r a t o r network", a propeller-cutting machine (1952), the design of Marex X-10 robot and the discovery of t h e p h y s i c a l l a w o f e l e c t r i c a l k i ne t i c r e s i s t a n c e called the Zara effect (around 1930).

65. MARTIAL LAW

66. MARTIAL LAW

67. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos -Holding the presidency for 20yrs -1972 to 1981 -Ruled his countryas a dictator

68. Purpose: He imposed martial law on the nation to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of a communist takeover following a series of bombings in Manila.

69. Impact: -His regime was infamous for its corruption, extravagance, and brutality. 

70. MARCOSACHIEVEMENTS He completed power plants in 20years. Bataan Nuclear PowerPlant

71. He completed Bridge Project Marcos Bridge at Leyte,Samar

72. He established/foundedStateColleges/Universities Mariano Marcos State University

73. Significance I f h e d i d n o t i mpos e M a r t i a l La w , w ha t woul d have happened? We can conclude that the communist movement would have taken over the establishment and that the Muslim rebellion would have also succeeded.

74. T H A N KY O U … . .