The Language of Research.pptxggjkkjjkjhhkhkhk

discussion

1. The Language of Research QUARTER 2-MODULE 1

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES: 1. Use common terms related to research writing. 2. Observe how language of research helps in analyzing research work.

3. Title and Match the formal language in Column A with its informal language in Column B. Column A Column B _______ 1. immature A . chilled _______ 2. cops B . awesome _______ 3. occupation C . childish _______ 4. relaxed D . police _______ 5. wonderful E . job

4. What is research? Research is a systematic gathering of data to arrive on a result. This is intended to solve a problem or to prove a point

5. Why is it important to learn and understand the language of research? Research paper uses terminologies and knowing their meaning will assist you in reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research papers. Furthermore , learning the language of research can help you understand research answers to important problems. It can also help you read academic texts more easily.

6. The following are terms that are important in understanding and mastering research as a language:

7. 1. Data is any information that has been collected, observed, generated or created to validate original research findings. EXAMPLES OF DATA: a . documents (text, Word), spreadsheets b) laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries c) questionnaires, transcripts, codebooks d) audiotapes, videotapes e) photographs, films f) survey responses g) slides, artifacts, specimens, samples h) collection of digital objects acquired and generated during the process of research

8. 2. Variable is defined as anything that has a quantity or quality that varies . TYPES OF VARIABLE The dependent variable is what the researcher is interested in. And the independent variable is believed to affect the dependent variable

9. For example, in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores , the dependent variable would be the participants' test scores, since that is what is being measured and the independent variable is tutoring.

10. 3. Population Size can be explained as a comprehensive group of individuals , institutions, objects and so forth with common characteristics that are the interest of a researcher. 4. Sample Size is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger population for measurement. The sample should be representative of the population to ensure that we can generalize the findings from the research sample to the population as a whole.

11. How do you determine sample size? A good maximum sample size is usually around 10% of the population . For example, in a population of 1000, 10% would be 100.

12. 5. Hypothesis is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s) predict will be the outcome of the study. In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done , apart from a basic background review. EXAMPLE: a study designed to look at the relationship between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that states , "This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep-deprived."

13. 6. SURVEY is a quantitative approach that features the use of self-report measures on carefully selected samples. It is a flexible approach that can be used to study a wide variety of basic and applied research questions. 4 MODES OF SURVEYS: a) mail surveys b) telephone surveys c) internet survey d)personal interview surveys

14. 7 . RESEARCH FRAMEWORK A research framework clearly illustrates the structure of the research plan and helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions. This framework consists of the key concepts of the research project and of the assumed relationships between these concepts. EXAMPLE:

15. 8 . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY It involves studying the methods used in your field and the theories or principles behind them, in order to develop an approach that matches your objectives. Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and analyze data. Two most common types of methodology: a) Quantitative -research focuses on measurement and testing using numerical data and used when the research aims and objectives are confirmatory in nature. For example, a survey conducted to understand the amount of time a doctor takes to tend to a patient when the patient walks into the hospital

16. 8 . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY It involves studying the methods used in your field and the theories or principles behind them, in order to develop an approach that matches your objectives. Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and analyze data. Two most common types of methodology: b) Qualitative - used when the research aims and objectives are exploratory in nature. For example, a qualitative methodology might be used to understand peoples’ perceptions about an event that took place, or a candidate running for president.

17. 10. RESEARCH DESIGN refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem ; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.

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