The nebular theory yai fix

1. Created by: Andreas Sagala Faradila Zahara Muthia Daniza THE NEBULAR THEORY

2. So how did our solar system form, and out of what? We can’t know exactly, but we can theorize and look for evidence to support these theories. The most accepted theory today is the condensation theory, which has its beginnings in the nebular theory.

3. Kant’s Theory Nebula theory was first put forward a German philosopher named Immanuel Kant in 1775. According to him, the solar system comes from the nebula gas or mist, is very broad and high temperature rotating very slowly. Slow turnaround that led to the formation of the concentration of materials that have a high density mass called the nucleus in several different places. At first fog rotates slowly. Because of the turnover, volume and temperature decreases clot and this clot in the fog finally round the center, forming a solid slab plates. The plates spinning faster and faster, so that no part of the slab that was thrown out and then the temperature decreased. Formed the core of the largest mass in the middle, while the small part formed around cooling process, the cores of smaller masses turn into planets, while most of the remains in a state of high-temperature flare and called the sun.

4. Laplace’s Theory This theory is stated by a French astronomer that is piere simon laplace (1749-1827) According to laplace.’’ Our solar system comes from gas ball (nebula) that has high temperature and rotates fast. Because of fast rotation, some of the fog or gass ball mass escape. The part that is escaped keep rotates, because the influence of cooling longer changes to be planets.’’

5. The Nebular Theory The Fog Theory stated by imanuel kant and piere simon de leplace . This theory is better known by the name kant-leplace theory.a According to Kant and leplace , solar system was formed through five stages : Collapse: The solar system comes from a high-temperature gas ball. . The mass of gas ball collapse, And then heating and then become a disk shaped. Spinning: The disk spinning faster and faster, so that no part of the disk that was thrown out and then the temperature decreased Flattening : The disk become a sphere due to rotation, b ecause of fast rotation, some of the fog f r om gass ball mass escape. Condensation Some fog formed the core of the largest mass in the middle, while the small part formed around cooling process. Accretion The cores of smaller masses turn into planets, while most of the remains in a state of high-temperature flare and called the sun.

6. Scientific Backup If our solar system did form out of such a gaseous disk, it would explain quite a bit of the architecture observed in the planetary system, such as the elliptical planetary orbits and that these orbits lie on roughly the same plane. These traits are inherited from the solar nebula disk in which the planets were formed. Astronomers are fairly certain the solar nebula formed a disk because such disks have been either observed or inferred around other stars. One example is the region surrounding Beta Pictoris (see below). Located about 60 light-years from the Sun, Beta Pictoris is believed by astronomers to be a very young star, only 20 million years old or so, and in the midst of an evolutionary stage similar to what our own Sun went through. Image 5 – Beta Pictoris

7. Trouble for the Nebular Theory Because of new data, we have become aware that a disk of warm gas wouldn’t form clumps of gas that eventually would form planets. Clumps of gas would tend to disperse, not contract. Many astronomers now favor THE CONSATION THEORY , which maintains the basic physical reasoning of the nebular theory, but adds to it new knowledge about interstellar chemistry, thus avoiding most the problems of the original theory. First of all, the condensation theory has a key new ingredient…

8. DUST The galaxy is filled with dust (ejected matter from long dead stars), both icy and rocky chunks, averaging in 10^-5 m in size. Dust plays two important roles in the formation of a gas cloud. 1 – Dust cools warm matter by radiating heat away in the form of infrared radiation. Because the nebula is cooled and its molecules move more slowly, internal pressure is released and the nebula can collapse more easily under the influence of gravity. 2 – Dust acts as a condensation nuclei for other atoms, thus speeding up the process of accumulating enough atoms to form a planet.

9. The Condensation Theory Once the solar nebula has formed and begun to cool, dust acts as condensation nuclei around which matter starts to gather. The clumps grow rapidly by sticking to each other when they collide (this process is called accretion ). The larger the clump, the more surface area it has and therefore the greater the amount of particles swept up and rate of growth. When the objects are a few hundred kilometers across, their gravity is strong enough to pull in material that otherwise wouldn’t have collided with them, and further increase their growth rate. The larger the object, the stronger its gravity. Eventually, almost all original matter was joined into a few protoplanets , the matter that, over time, became the planets we are familiar with today.

10. Conclusion The condensation theory is based off the nebular theory, with the addition of dust. The dust acts as a way to cool the nebula disk and as condensation nuclei on which matter accumulates. These clumps of matter grow thorough the process of accretion (collide and stick). Eventually, the protoplanets formed, which became the planets we know today.

11. Thank You