The northern plains ppt

this will be useful for children

1. THE NORTHERN fertile PLAINS A GLIMPSE……..

2. THE NORTHERN PLAINS - CONTENTS

3. FORMATION OF THE PLAINS GET COMFORTABLE IT’S ……

4. FORMATION… The northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers – Ganga , Indus and Brahmaputra.  In the Tertiary period there was a sea , Tethys , with extension to north and west . Due to the movement of tectonic plate the Indian lithospheric plate under thrusts the lighter Eurasian plate on the north .This shallow basin marine sediments began folding due to compressive forces acting from north and south .The evolution and upheaval of Himalaya began. The plain was the fore deep of the folded mountain. Thus numerous streams took birth and flowed down the Himalayan along with load of sediments . Sediments continued lying down on the uneven basement of the fore deep . Orogeny continued till its third phase along with making Himalaya higher and higher. And sediments filled the 3-6 km deep trough . However this deepness of trough is also due to subsidence because of increasing load of sediments. so the Himalayan orogeny and filling erodes from Himalaya in it made this fertile land for us…. And the fertile plain of India was formed.

5. DOMINATING RIVERS

6. SOME PICS....

7. LOCATION OF THE PLAINS THE NORTHERN PLAINS ARE LOCATED BETWEEN THE HIMALAYAS AND THE PENINSULAR PLATEAUS

8. LOCATION As a large plain, the exact extent can vary from source to source. Roughly, the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across: Kashmir in the north; the  Punjab (Pakistan)  a provincial region of Pakistan and the  Aravalli Range ; Sindh  in the west; the  Himalayan  foothills of  Assam  and  Bangladesh  in the east; and the  Vindhya  and  Sapura Range , and the  Chota Nagpur Plateau  in the south.

9. DIVISIONS OF THE PLAIN PARTS OF THE PLAINS

10. HOW THE PLAINS ARE DIVIDED ?

11. PUNJAB PLAINS The Punjab plain is an alluvial plain in Pakistan and north-west of India.The plain includes the Pakistani province of Punjab and Haryana and is around 35,000 square miles in area.The plain is extensively farmed for cereals and cotton.The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. GANGA PLAINS The Ganga plain is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh.  It is the third largest river by discharge. The Ganges is the most sacred river to Hindus.  It is worshipped as the goddess  Ganga  in Hinduism. The Ganges was ranked as the fifth most polluted river of the world in 2007.  The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western  Himalayas  in the Indian state of  Uttarakhand , and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal

12. BRAHMAPUTRA PLAINS The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river and one of the major rivers of Asia.  It flows southwest through the Assam Valley as Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the  Jamuna. About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long, the Brahmaputra is an important river for irrigation and transportation The river drains the Himalaya east of the Indo-Nepal border, southern-central portion of the Tibetan plateau above theGanges basin, south-eastern portion of Tibet, the Patkai-Bum hills, the northern slopes of the Meghalaya hills, the Assam plains and the northern portion of Bangladesh .

13. RELIEF FEATURES

14. RELIEF FEATURES – DETAILED STUDY BHABAR Bhabhar  is the region south of the Lower Himalayas and the Siwalik Hills [1]  It is the alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Siwaliks along the northern edge of the Indo- Gangetic  Plain . TERAI The  Terai is a belt of marshy grasslands, savannas, and forests located south of the outer foothills of the Himalaya, the Siwalik Hills, and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and their tributaries. 

15. BHANGAR Bhangarh  is a town in India that is famous for its historical ruins. It is in the Rajgarh municipality of the Alwar district in the state of Rajasthan. Bhangarh is at the edge of the Sariska Tiger Reserve. The modern village has a population of 1,306 in 200 households. Bhangah is also a popular tourist attraction. KHADAR Khādir is the  terms used in Hindustani,Punjabi and Sindhi in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and Pakistan to differentiate between two types of river plains and alluvial soils.  Khadir  or  Khadar  plains are those that are low-lying next to a river.  Khadir  areas are prone to flooding and sometimes include portions of former river-beds that became available for agriculture when a river changed course. [1

16. EXTRA FACTS ON THE PLAINS READ IT AND WEAP!!!!

17. EXTRA FACTS 1. The Himalayan Mountains are a series of mountains ranges stretching from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh. They protect our country in many ways. 2. They contain some of the highest mountain peaks in the world. 3. The Eastern and Western Ghats, Aravalli Hills and Nilgiri Hills are the hills in Southern and Central India. 4. Rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra originate in the Himalayas and get their water from glaciers when the snow melts in summer. 5. The Northern plains stretch from Punjab in the northwest to Assam in the east.

18. 6. The Northern Plains are vast flat areas and the soil in these plains is mostly fertile. 7. The Brahmaputra Basin, the Ganga Basin and the Sutlej Basin drain the Northern Plains. 8. Deserts are stretches of sandy or rocky land where rain and vegetation is scarce 9. Rajasthan, a state that lies south-west of the Northern Plains, is the main desert area of our country. 10. The climate in the deserts is extreme and most places receive little or no rainfall.

19. . 11. All the states and regions in India have people with diverse lifestyles, occupations and ways of dressing. 12. The Southern Plateau region of India is a raised flat land that lies to the south of the Northern Plains and is triangular in shape. 13. It has the Eastern and Western Ghats on its two lower sides, the Aravalli Hills its north-west. 14. The Southern Plateaus are actually a group of three plateaus—the Malwa Plateau, Chota Nagpur Plateau and the Deccan Plateau. 15. The main rivers flowing through the plateaus are Narmada, Mahanadi, Krishna and and Tapti.

20. 16. The Western Coastal Plains are the area between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. 17. They are divided into three parts; the Saurashtra Coast, the Konkan Coast and the Malabar Coast. 18. The Eastern Coastal Plains stretch from Kanyakumari in the south to West Bengal in the east. 19. The southern half of the eastern coast is called the Coromandel Coast. It includes coastal Tamil Nadu. 20. The Mahanadi and Kaveri are two major rivers of the Eastern Coastal Plains that flow into the Bay of Bengal.

21. 21. The Northern Plains lie to the south of the Himalayas extending 2,500 km in length from East to West. 22. It consists of two river basins-the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra. It is made up of fertile alluvial soil. These support very dense population. 23. The Northern Plains can be divided into four parts: (a) The Rajasthan Plains (b) Indus Plain (c) Ganga Plain (d) Brahmaputra Plain

22. 24. The Northern Plains are important because: (а) They are the largest alluvial plains in the world formed by the deposition of silt by the major rivers of the plain. (b) The rivers are navigable and have water in them throughout the year (Perennial). (c) Flat land helps in the construction of roads and railways. (d) Irrigation facilities have made the plains the largest wheat growing areas. (e) A number of H.E.P. Projects have been constructed which have helped in irrigation and generation of power.