The organs and functions of the digestive system

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1. THE ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM How does the Digestive System really works?

2. The digestive system is continually at work, yet people seldom appreciate the complex tasks it performs in a choreographed biologic symphony. Consider what happens when you eat an apple. Of course, you enjoy the apple’s taste as you chew it, but in the hours that follow, unless something goes amiss and you get a stomachache, you don’t notice that your digestive system is working.

3. You may be taking a walk or studying or sleeping, having forgotten all about the apple, but your stomach and intestines are busy digesting it and absorbing its vitamins and other nutrients. By the time any waste material is excreted, the body has appropriated all it can use from the apple.

4. In short, whether you pay attention or not, the organs of the digestive system perform their specific functions, allowing you to use the food you eat to keep you going. This chapter examines the structure and functions of these organs, and explores the mechanics and chemistry of the digestive processes.

5. After this lesson you’re expected to identify the different parts of digestive system and how does it works together.

6. Activity 1. Warm Up As you do your daily chores, you heard a crumbling sound inside your body. As if something is moving inside you. Then as it continue you feel hungry. You look at the clock and notice its lunch time as the urge continue you salivate and wanted to eat. This only means that your digestive is doing its work. These activities will help you learn all about the digestive system and how it functions. But first list down the food you ate yesterday.

7. List them below as : Breakfast: ______________________________ Lunch: ___________________________________ Dinner: ___________________________________

8. What I Know Before starting to study Digestive System answer first the following items to determine if you know something about the lesson for today https:// docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScYpqaMH61b3tdfPSulPi6n9HHpCU8xokuIA5qXJdjgaqX6yg/viewform?usp=sf_link

9. What was your score?

10. If you got all the answers correct, congratulations! It shows that you have a wide range of knowledge when it comes to our topic on uniform mixtures. You may still review this topic and learn new things ahead . If you didn’t get a high score, no worries. This module will help you learn more the concept that you may eventually use in your daily life. Study carefully this topic and you will be able to answer all the questions in the activities that lie ahead. Are you ready?

11. You may now study Module 2 The Human System

12. The human body is a wonderful machine. It is made up of parts that work together in an orderly way to perform similar functions. A group of body organs working together to perform a function is called an organ system. Our body has a complicated design which is composed of subsystems that works together to keep us healthy and maintain our well-being.

13. For this lesson let us focus on Digestive System.

14. The Digestive System is the organ system which takes charge in the breaking down of food into simple substances and absorbing the nutrients to nourish the cells throughout the body so they can function well. Digestion starts in the mouth and ends in the small intestine. The digestive system can be grouped into two: the digestive tract and the accessory organs. The digestive tract is an open ended tube through which the food passes. It is composed of the following organs - mouth, esophagus , stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

15. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

16. Digestion is the process by which food is broken and dissolved so that it can be taken into the blood to be used by the body.

17. The parts of the digestive system are the mouth, esophagus , stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Other parts of the digestive system are the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas that produce fluids needed in the digestion of the food you eat.

18. Mouth The mouth receives the food you eat. Inside the mouth are the tongue and teeth. The tongue moves the food so that the teeth can chew it well. The first step in digestion involves biting, cutting, and chewing of the food. As you chew, the salivary glands produce saliva, which is a digestive juice. As it mixes with the chewed food, some of the nutrients of food is changed to sugar.

19. Esophagus From the mouth, the food passes through a long tube called the esophagus. The walls of the esophagus are made up of muscles. These muscles move in a wavelike motion to squeeze and push the food down to the stomach. This muscular movement is known as peristalsis.

20. Stomach The stomach has many small glands along its walls. These glands release enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and water, which all combine to form gastric juice. The enzymes found in the gastric juice breaks down the proteins in the food. As peristalsis mixes the food, it also pushes the food toward the small intestine.

21. Liver (Accessory organs) The liver produces bile that helps digest fats. The bile goes into the gall bladder before proceeding to the small intestine.

22. Pancreas (Accessory organs) The pancreas produces pancreatic juices which digests carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The juices then go to the small intestine.

23. Large Intestine This is a large, coiled tube attached to the small intestine. It is about two meters long. It is twice as wide as the small intestine. The undigested food goes to this part of the digestive system. Excess water is squeezed from it. A soft solid waste is temporarily stored here.

24. Small Intestine The small intestine is a narrow coiled tube connected to the stomach. Final digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food happens here. The digested food then combines with the blood.

25. Rectum The movement of the walls of the large intestines pushes the waste into this part. It serves as the passageway of undigested food coming from the large intestine to the anus.

26. Anus This is an opening where waste comes out of the body.

27. Activity 2: Digestive System Complete the parts of this diagram to show how the flow of digestion occurs.

28. Do you know how digestion works in our body? Let’s find out by doing this activity!

29. Activity 3: Experiment time! Let’s use these materials: Biscuits, jar with cover and water

30. Let’s do these way: 1.Bite and chew the biscuit. Observe what happens to the biscuit. Notice what makes the biscuit soft and easy to move as you chew it. 2. Swallow the biscuit and observe where it goes. 3. Now , put another biscuit (make sure you also crushed the biscuit put into the jar half filled with water and cover it tightly and shake it. 4. Observed what happen and 5. Answer the following question.

31. Let’s write down our observation: What happened to the biscuit as you chewed it ? What made the biscuit soft and easy to chew ? From the mouth, where does the chewed food go ? Describe the movement of the water as you shook the jar . What muscle movement is similar to the shaking you had done ? What happens to the food in the stomach

32. Activity 4: Know Me Fully! Direction: Identify the organs for digestion and its function. ORGANS FOR DIGESTION FUNCTION 1. 2. 3.

33. ORGANS FOR DIGESTION FUNCTION 4. 5. 6. 7.

34. Choices:

35. Activity 5: https:// docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSez8_Gf5zb-bFY2EDYETOJX66V_oEhrVlPwcz6c3wvDQIC8Pw/viewform?usp=sf_link

36. Activity 6. Let’s Do the Loop Which organ belongs to the Digestive System? Encircle them . axon stomach cartilage nails tendon mouth esophagus ligaments nerves bones anus ventricles pancreas atrium smooth muscle

37. Activity 7. Label Me Label each part of the Digestive System.

38. Activity 8. Explain how the organs of each organ system work together.

39. At this point, you have mastered the concept shown in every activity. So, what are you waiting for? You almost there. Answer the activity.

40. Activity 9 Make a model of the Digestive System Materials Needed: Clay and Bond Paper Procedure: 1. Using different colours of clay try to roll and assemble it with the different organ of digestive system and arrange it in bond paper like the one below and label its part.

41. The learners, in their notebook, journal, or portfolio will write their personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below. I understand that ___________. I realize that ______________.