The-Philippine-Judiciary-Upholding-Justice.pptx

Judiciary Department

1. The Philippine Judiciary: Upholding Justice The Philippine judiciary plays a vital role in the nation's democratic system, serving as an independent branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law. This presentation will explore the constitutional basis, structure, and powers of the Philippine court system. by Christian Aplacador

2. Constitutional Foundations Judicial Power The 1987 Constitution vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court and lower courts, granting them the authority to interpret and apply the law. Independence The Constitution enshrines the independence of the judiciary, shielding it from undue influence and ensuring impartial decision-making.

3. Judicial Structure 1 Supreme Court The highest court in the Philippines, tasked with interpreting the Constitution and serving as the final arbiter of the law. 2 Lower Courts The regional, municipal, and metropolitan trial courts that handle a wide range of civil, criminal, and administrative cases. 3 Specialized Courts Specialized courts, such as the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals, focus on specific areas of law.

4. Supreme Court: The Pinnacle Composition The Supreme Court is composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. Jurisdiction The Supreme Court exercises original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors, public ministers, and consuls, and has appellate jurisdiction over decisions of lower courts.

5. Lower Courts: Serving Justice Regional Trial Courts These courts have general jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases, with jurisdiction based on the amount in controversy or the gravity of the offense. Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Courts These courts handle less serious civil and criminal cases, often serving as the first level of the judicial system. Specialized Courts Specialized courts, such as the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals, handle cases related to their specific areas of focus.

6. Jurisdiction and Powers Interpret Laws The courts have the power to interpret and apply the laws, ensuring their consistent and fair application. Adjudicate Disputes The courts are responsible for adjudicating civil, criminal, and administrative disputes, providing a fair and impartial forum for resolution. Judicial Review The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, allowing it to determine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.

7. Judicial Independence 1 Constitutional Protection 2 Secure Tenure 3 Ethical Standards 4 Transparency and Accountability 5 Public Trust The Philippine judiciary is designed to be independent, with various safeguards in place to ensure its impartiality and shield it from undue influence. This independence is crucial for the effective administration of justice and the maintenance of the rule of law.

8. Appointment and Removal of Judges 1 Nomination Judges are nominated by the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutionally-created body that screens and evaluates candidates. 2 Presidential Appointment The President appoints judges from the list of nominees submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. 3 Confirmation Appointments to the Supreme Court require confirmation by the Commission on Appointments. 4 Removal Judges can only be removed through impeachment or disciplinary proceedings, ensuring their security of tenure.

9. Challenges and Reforms 1 Backlogs and Delays The Philippine judiciary faces significant case backlogs and delays, which can undermine public trust and access to justice. 2 Judicial Corruption Efforts are ongoing to address issues of corruption and ethical lapses within the judiciary, ensuring accountability and integrity. 3 Limited Resources Inadequate funding and resources can hinder the judiciary's ability to function effectively and efficiently.

10. Towards a Stronger Judiciary 3 Key 5 Priorities 1 Enhance 2 Independence The Philippine judiciary is committed to addressing its challenges and continuing to evolve as a pillar of the nation's democratic system. By enhancing independence, improving efficiency, and fostering public trust, the judiciary can better serve the people and uphold the rule of law.