The rise Renaissance and its impact in europe.ppt

An introduction to the impact of rennaissance in europe

1. Unit 8Unit 8
THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE

2. A. Rise of TradeA. Rise of Trade
1. RESURGENCE OF EUROPE1. RESURGENCE OF EUROPE
-THE GROWTH OF EUROPE’S POPULATION AND ECONOMY -THE GROWTH OF EUROPE’S POPULATION AND ECONOMY
DURING THE LATE MIDDLE AGES CAN BE TRACED BACK DURING THE LATE MIDDLE AGES CAN BE TRACED BACK
TO THE FOLLOWING THREE FACTORSTO THE FOLLOWING THREE FACTORS
(1) COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION(1) COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
(2) ADVANCEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE(2) ADVANCEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE
(3) MEDIEVAL GUILDS(3) MEDIEVAL GUILDS
-THESE CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT THE GROWTH OF CITIES -THESE CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT THE GROWTH OF CITIES
AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRADE ROUTES THAT AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TRADE ROUTES THAT
LINKED EUROPE WITH THE MIDDLE EAST AND ASIALINKED EUROPE WITH THE MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA

3. (1) Commercial Revolution(1) Commercial Revolution
-DURING THE LATE MIDDLE AGES, INCREASED -DURING THE LATE MIDDLE AGES, INCREASED
AVAILABILITY OF GOODS AND NEW WAYS OF DOING AVAILABILITY OF GOODS AND NEW WAYS OF DOING
BUSINESS CHANGED LIFE IN EUROPEBUSINESS CHANGED LIFE IN EUROPE
-THIS EXPANSION OF TRADE AND BUSINESS BECAME -THIS EXPANSION OF TRADE AND BUSINESS BECAME
KNOWN AS THE KNOWN AS THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTIONCOMMERCIAL REVOLUTION
- ONE REASON FOR THIS GROWTH IN THE ECONOMY - ONE REASON FOR THIS GROWTH IN THE ECONOMY
WAS DUE TO THE RISE OF WAS DUE TO THE RISE OF CAPITALISMCAPITALISM
DEFINITION: DEFINITION: ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON PRIVATE ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP AND THE INVESTMENT OF RESOURCESOWNERSHIP AND THE INVESTMENT OF RESOURCES
(FACTORS OF PRODUCTION)(FACTORS OF PRODUCTION)
- FACTORS OF PRODUCTION- FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
DEFINITION: DEFINITION: LAND, LABOR AND CAPITAL (MONEY)LAND, LABOR AND CAPITAL (MONEY)
-MERCHANTS BEGAN TO INVEST CAPITAL IN OTHER -MERCHANTS BEGAN TO INVEST CAPITAL IN OTHER
BUSINESSES WHICH HELPED THE ECONOMY GROWBUSINESSES WHICH HELPED THE ECONOMY GROW

4. (2) Advancements in Agriculture(2) Advancements in Agriculture
-Europe’s economic changes were fueled by an -Europe’s economic changes were fueled by an
increased food supply that helped increase increased food supply that helped increase
Europe’s populationEurope’s population
-New methods of farming led to an increased -New methods of farming led to an increased
number of crops grownnumber of crops grown
- Use of horses to plow more lands- Use of horses to plow more lands
- Three-field system- Three-field system
(form of crop rotation to keep fields(form of crop rotation to keep fields
full of nutrients)full of nutrients)
-Well-fed people, especially children, could resist -Well-fed people, especially children, could resist
disease better and live longer which led to an disease better and live longer which led to an
increase in populationincrease in population

5. (3) Development of Guilds(3) Development of Guilds
-THE DEVELOPMENT OF -THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUILDSGUILDS ALSO LED TO EUROPE’S ALSO LED TO EUROPE’S
ECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC GROWTH
DEFINITION: DEFINITION: AN ORGANIZATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE AN ORGANIZATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE
SAME BUSINESS OR OCCUPATION WORKING TO IMPROVE SAME BUSINESS OR OCCUPATION WORKING TO IMPROVE
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ITS THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF ITS
MEMBERSMEMBERS
- THE FIRST GUILDS WERE MERCHANT GUILDS WHICH - THE FIRST GUILDS WERE MERCHANT GUILDS WHICH
CONTROLLED THE AMOUNT OF GOODS BEING TRADED, CONTROLLED THE AMOUNT OF GOODS BEING TRADED,
REGULATED PRICES AND PROVIDED SECURITY TO REDUCE REGULATED PRICES AND PROVIDED SECURITY TO REDUCE
LOSSESLOSSES
- ARTISANS BEGAN TO CREATE CRAFT GUILDS TO HELP - ARTISANS BEGAN TO CREATE CRAFT GUILDS TO HELP
REGULATE THEIR INDUSTRY. CRAFT GUILDS SET REGULATE THEIR INDUSTRY. CRAFT GUILDS SET
STANDARDS FOR QUALITY OF GOODS PRODUCED, WAGES STANDARDS FOR QUALITY OF GOODS PRODUCED, WAGES
AND WORKING CONDITIONSAND WORKING CONDITIONS

6. B. Interactions through TradeB. Interactions through Trade
-EUROPEAN TRADE WAS CONTROLLED BY THE ITALIAN CITY--EUROPEAN TRADE WAS CONTROLLED BY THE ITALIAN CITY-
STATES IN THE SOUTH AND THE GERMANS IN THE NORTHSTATES IN THE SOUTH AND THE GERMANS IN THE NORTH
-THE ITALIAN MERCHANTS CLASS BEGAN TO GROW -THE ITALIAN MERCHANTS CLASS BEGAN TO GROW
EXTREMELY WEALTHY DUE TO INCREASED TRADE EXTREMELY WEALTHY DUE TO INCREASED TRADE
BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST DUE TO THE BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST DUE TO THE
CRUSADESCRUSADES
-THESE MERCHANTS BEGAN TO DOMINATE THE POLITICAL -THESE MERCHANTS BEGAN TO DOMINATE THE POLITICAL
SCENE OF THE ITALIAN CITY-STATESSCENE OF THE ITALIAN CITY-STATES
-THE GERMAN TRADING TOWNS WERE ORGANIZED AND -THE GERMAN TRADING TOWNS WERE ORGANIZED AND
REGULATED BY THE REGULATED BY THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE.HANSEATIC LEAGUE.
-THE PURPOSE OF THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE WAS TO PROTECT -THE PURPOSE OF THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE WAS TO PROTECT
THE TRADING INTERESTS OF THE MEMBER TOWNS.THE TRADING INTERESTS OF THE MEMBER TOWNS.
-THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE HAD LARGE FLEETS OF SHIPS TO -THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE HAD LARGE FLEETS OF SHIPS TO
BRING GOODS THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EUROPE.BRING GOODS THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EUROPE.
-THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE COINED THEIR OWN MONEY, -THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE COINED THEIR OWN MONEY,
NEGOTIATED TREATIES AND MAINTAINED THEIR OWN NEGOTIATED TREATIES AND MAINTAINED THEIR OWN
ARMIESARMIES

8. C. End of an EraC. End of an Era
In the 1300s and 1400s, WESTERN EUROPE In the 1300s and 1400s, WESTERN EUROPE
SUFFERED FROM TWO EVENTS THAT WILL SUFFERED FROM TWO EVENTS THAT WILL
BRING ABOUT THE END OF THE MIDDLE BRING ABOUT THE END OF THE MIDDLE
AGESAGES
(1) THE BUBONIC PLAGUE(1) THE BUBONIC PLAGUE

(2) THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR(2) THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

9. (1) THE BUBONIC PLAGUE(1) THE BUBONIC PLAGUE
-DURING THE 1300S, AN EPIDEMIC KNOWN -DURING THE 1300S, AN EPIDEMIC KNOWN
AS THE BUBONIC PLAGUE AS THE BUBONIC PLAGUE (BLACK DEATH) (BLACK DEATH)
STRUCK PARTS OF ASIA, NORTH AFRICA STRUCK PARTS OF ASIA, NORTH AFRICA
AND EUROPE. AND EUROPE.
-APPROXIMATELY ONE-THIRD OF THE -APPROXIMATELY ONE-THIRD OF THE
POPULATION OF EUROPE DIED DURING THE POPULATION OF EUROPE DIED DURING THE
BUBONIC PLAGUE.BUBONIC PLAGUE.
-THE PLAGUE BEGAN IN ASIA AND SPREAD -THE PLAGUE BEGAN IN ASIA AND SPREAD
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD BY MERCHANTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD BY MERCHANTS
TRAVELING ON THE TRADE ROUTES. TRAVELING ON THE TRADE ROUTES.
-THE PLAGUE KILLED ALMOST 25 MILLION -THE PLAGUE KILLED ALMOST 25 MILLION
EUROPEANS.EUROPEANS.
-THE PLAGUE TOOK ABOUT 4 YEARS TO REACH-THE PLAGUE TOOK ABOUT 4 YEARS TO REACH
ALMOST EVERY CORNER OF EUROPEALMOST EVERY CORNER OF EUROPE

13. A) Effects of the Bubonic PlagueA) Effects of the Bubonic Plague
(1) THE MANORIAL SYSTEM BEGAN TO CRUMBLE AS (1) THE MANORIAL SYSTEM BEGAN TO CRUMBLE AS
SERFS LEFT THE MANOR IN SEARCH OF BETTER SERFS LEFT THE MANOR IN SEARCH OF BETTER
WAGESWAGES
(2) SURVIVING LABORERS DEMANDED HIGHER WAGES (2) SURVIVING LABORERS DEMANDED HIGHER WAGES
(3) NOBLES RESISTED DEMANDS FOR HIGHER WAGES (3) NOBLES RESISTED DEMANDS FOR HIGHER WAGES
CAUSING PEASANT REVOLTSCAUSING PEASANT REVOLTS
(4) TRADE DECLINED AND PRICES ROSE(4) TRADE DECLINED AND PRICES ROSE
(5) PRESTIGE OF THE CHURCH DECLINED WHEN (5) PRESTIGE OF THE CHURCH DECLINED WHEN
PRAYER FAILED TO BRING AN END TO THE PLAGUEPRAYER FAILED TO BRING AN END TO THE PLAGUE

14. (2) Hundred Years’ War(2) Hundred Years’ War
-OVER A CENTURY OF WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND -OVER A CENTURY OF WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND
FRANCE BROUGHT ABOUT THE COLLAPSE OF MIDDLE FRANCE BROUGHT ABOUT THE COLLAPSE OF MIDDLE
AGE SOCIETY. AGE SOCIETY.
- THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE TWO AROSE DUE TO - THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE TWO AROSE DUE TO
THE ENGLISH TAKING CONTROL OF FRENCH LANDS IN THE ENGLISH TAKING CONTROL OF FRENCH LANDS IN
WESTERN EUROPEWESTERN EUROPE
-THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE LASTED -THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE LASTED
BETWEEN 1337 AND 1453. WAR CONTINUED OFF AND BETWEEN 1337 AND 1453. WAR CONTINUED OFF AND
ON AND VICTORY PASSED BACK AND FORTH ON AND VICTORY PASSED BACK AND FORTH
BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES.
-FINALLY, THE FRENCH DROVE ENGLAND OUT OF -FINALLY, THE FRENCH DROVE ENGLAND OUT OF
FRANCE. FRANCE.
-THE EFFECTS OF THE WAR WERE -THE EFFECTS OF THE WAR WERE
(1) A FEELING OF NATIONALISM EMERGED IN (1) A FEELING OF NATIONALISM EMERGED IN
ENGLAND AND FRANCE AS PEOPLE BEGAN TO TRUST ENGLAND AND FRANCE AS PEOPLE BEGAN TO TRUST
THE KING AS A NATIONAL LEADER NOT THE FEUDAL THE KING AS A NATIONAL LEADER NOT THE FEUDAL
LORDS. LORDS.
(2) RELIGIOUS DEVOTION AND THE CODE OF (2) RELIGIOUS DEVOTION AND THE CODE OF
CHIVALRY CRUMBLEDCHIVALRY CRUMBLED
-THE END OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR IN 1453 IS -THE END OF THE HUNDRED YEAR’S WAR IN 1453 IS
CONSIDERED THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES.CONSIDERED THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES.

16. A) Joan of ArcA) Joan of Arc
-ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FIGURES OF THE -ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FIGURES OF THE
HUNDRED YEARS WAR WAS JOAN OF ARC.HUNDRED YEARS WAR WAS JOAN OF ARC.
-IN 1429, JOAN OF ARC CLAIMED THAT HEAVENLY -IN 1429, JOAN OF ARC CLAIMED THAT HEAVENLY
FORCES TOLD HER TO LEAD THE FRENCH FORCES TO FORCES TOLD HER TO LEAD THE FRENCH FORCES TO
VICTORY OVER THE ENGLISH. VICTORY OVER THE ENGLISH.
-THE KING OF FRANCE IN DIRE NEED OF VICTORIES -THE KING OF FRANCE IN DIRE NEED OF VICTORIES
RELUCTANTLY AGREED TO GIVE JOAN OF ARC RELUCTANTLY AGREED TO GIVE JOAN OF ARC
CONTROL OF THE FRENCH ARMIES.CONTROL OF THE FRENCH ARMIES.
-UNDER HER LEADERSHIP, THE FRENCH WON VARIOUS -UNDER HER LEADERSHIP, THE FRENCH WON VARIOUS
BATTLES AGAINST THE ENGLISH.BATTLES AGAINST THE ENGLISH.
-JOAN’S ABSOLUTE FAITH AND INTENSE PATRIOTISM -JOAN’S ABSOLUTE FAITH AND INTENSE PATRIOTISM
SOON INSPIRED THE FRENCH TO NEW VICTORIES.SOON INSPIRED THE FRENCH TO NEW VICTORIES.
-HOWEVER, JOAN OF ARC WAS CAPTURED AND -HOWEVER, JOAN OF ARC WAS CAPTURED AND
EVENTUALLY WAS BURNED AT THE STAKE BY THE EVENTUALLY WAS BURNED AT THE STAKE BY THE
ENGLISH FOR HERESY. ENGLISH FOR HERESY.
-HER DEATH CONTINUED TO INSPIRE THE FRENCH. HER -HER DEATH CONTINUED TO INSPIRE THE FRENCH. HER
MARTYRDOM FUELED A STRONG SENSE OF MARTYRDOM FUELED A STRONG SENSE OF
NATIONALISM AMONG THE FRENCH. NATIONALISM AMONG THE FRENCH.

18. D. THE RENAISSANCED. THE RENAISSANCE
1. ORIGINS1. ORIGINS
-EUROPEANS THAT SURVIVED WAR AND THE -EUROPEANS THAT SURVIVED WAR AND THE
PLAGUE BEGAN TO QUESTION THE PLAGUE BEGAN TO QUESTION THE
INSTITUTIONS (CHURCH, FEUDAL LORDS) INSTITUTIONS (CHURCH, FEUDAL LORDS)
OF THE MIDDLE AGES THAT WERE UNABLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES THAT WERE UNABLE
TO PREVENT WAR OR RELIEVE SUFFERING TO PREVENT WAR OR RELIEVE SUFFERING
BROUGHT BY THE PLAGUE. BROUGHT BY THE PLAGUE.
- IN NORTHERN ITALY, WRITERS AND - IN NORTHERN ITALY, WRITERS AND
ARTISTS BEGAN TO EXPRESS THIS NEW ARTISTS BEGAN TO EXPRESS THIS NEW
SPIRIT AND TO EXPERIMENT WITH SPIRIT AND TO EXPERIMENT WITH
DIFFERENT STYLES.DIFFERENT STYLES.
-THIS MOVEMENT BECAME KNOWN AS THE -THIS MOVEMENT BECAME KNOWN AS THE
RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE OR REBIRTH OR REBIRTH ( REVIVAL OF ( REVIVAL OF
ART AND LEARNING OF THE CLASSICAL ART AND LEARNING OF THE CLASSICAL
CIVILIZATIONS OF ROME AND GREECE)CIVILIZATIONS OF ROME AND GREECE)

19. 2. NEW IDEAS IN NORTHERN ITALY2. NEW IDEAS IN NORTHERN ITALY
-THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN NORTHERN ITALY DUETHE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN NORTHERN ITALY DUE
FOUR MAJOR CAUSES; FOUR MAJOR CAUSES;
1) OVERSEAS TRADE WITH THE MIDDLE EAST 1) OVERSEAS TRADE WITH THE MIDDLE EAST
STARTED BY THE CRUSADES LED TO THE GROWTH OF STARTED BY THE CRUSADES LED TO THE GROWTH OF
WEALTHY POWERFUL NORTHERN ITALIAN CITY-WEALTHY POWERFUL NORTHERN ITALIAN CITY-
STATES. THESE URBAN CENTERS BECAME CENTERS STATES. THESE URBAN CENTERS BECAME CENTERS
OF INTELLECTUAL THOUGHT. OF INTELLECTUAL THOUGHT.
2) DUE TO THIS TRADE, A WEALTHY POWERFUL 2) DUE TO THIS TRADE, A WEALTHY POWERFUL
MERCHANT CLASS DEVELOPED. (MERCHANT CLASS DEVELOPED. ( MEDICI FAMILY IN MEDICI FAMILY IN
FLORENCEFLORENCE) EVENTUALLY, THESE MERCHANTS BEGAN ) EVENTUALLY, THESE MERCHANTS BEGAN
TO SPEND THEIR MONEY ON LAVISH HOUSES FILLED TO SPEND THEIR MONEY ON LAVISH HOUSES FILLED
WITH ARTWORK AND SCULPTURE. WITH ARTWORK AND SCULPTURE.
3) THESE ARTISTS BEGAN RETURNING TO THE 3) THESE ARTISTS BEGAN RETURNING TO THE
CLASSICAL CULTURES AND ROME AND GREECE FOR CLASSICAL CULTURES AND ROME AND GREECE FOR
THEIR INSPIRATION. THEIR INSPIRATION.
4)SCHOLARS COMMISSIONED BY THE MERCHANT 4)SCHOLARS COMMISSIONED BY THE MERCHANT
CLASS TO TEACH THEIR CHILDREN BEGAN TO STUDY CLASS TO TEACH THEIR CHILDREN BEGAN TO STUDY
LATIN AND GREEK MANUSCRIPTS BROUGHT TO LATIN AND GREEK MANUSCRIPTS BROUGHT TO
ROME WHEN CONSTANTINOPLE FELL TO THE TURKS ROME WHEN CONSTANTINOPLE FELL TO THE TURKS
IN 1453.IN 1453.

21. Medici Family of
Florence
Medici Family
Home

23. E. HUMANISME. HUMANISM
-THE STUDY OF CLASSICAL TEXTS HELPED -THE STUDY OF CLASSICAL TEXTS HELPED
SCHOLARS DEVELOP A NEW OUTLOOK ON LIFE SCHOLARS DEVELOP A NEW OUTLOOK ON LIFE
AND ART.AND ART.
DEFINITION: AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT THAT DEFINITION: AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT THAT
FOCUSED ON HUMAN POTENTIAL AND FOCUSED ON HUMAN POTENTIAL AND
ACHIEVEMENTACHIEVEMENT
-HUMANISTS STUDIED A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS -HUMANISTS STUDIED A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS
SUCH AS LITERATURE, HISTORY AND SUCH AS LITERATURE, HISTORY AND
PHILOSOPHIES PHILOSOPHIES (HUMANITIES)(HUMANITIES)
-HUMANIST BELIEF FUELED THE CONCEPT OF A -HUMANIST BELIEF FUELED THE CONCEPT OF A
“ “ RENAISSANCE MAN”RENAISSANCE MAN”
DEFINITION: CONCEPT WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL DEFINITION: CONCEPT WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL
STROVE TO BECOME EDUCATED IN ALMOST ALL STROVE TO BECOME EDUCATED IN ALMOST ALL
AREAS OF STUDYAREAS OF STUDY
(ANCIENT GREEK CONCEPT OF A WELL-(ANCIENT GREEK CONCEPT OF A WELL-
ROUNDED INDIVIDUAL)ROUNDED INDIVIDUAL)

24. F.Renaissance Art and ArchitectureF.Renaissance Art and Architecture
- AS THE RENAISSANCE ADVANCED, ARTISTIC - AS THE RENAISSANCE ADVANCED, ARTISTIC
STYLES CHANGED.STYLES CHANGED.
- SUPPORTED BY THE WEALTHY MERCHANT - SUPPORTED BY THE WEALTHY MERCHANT
CLASS KNOWN AS CLASS KNOWN AS PATRONSPATRONS, DOZENS OF , DOZENS OF
ARTISTS BEGAN TO WORK AND CREATE ARTISTS BEGAN TO WORK AND CREATE
MANY INFLUENTIAL ARTWORKS.MANY INFLUENTIAL ARTWORKS.
- RENAISSANCE ARTISTS BEGAN TO CREATE - RENAISSANCE ARTISTS BEGAN TO CREATE
MORE REALISTIC PAINTINGS AND MORE REALISTIC PAINTINGS AND
SCULPTURES. SCULPTURES.
-RENAISSANCE PAINTERS BEGAN TO USE THE -RENAISSANCE PAINTERS BEGAN TO USE THE
TECHNIQUE OF TECHNIQUE OF PERSPECTIVE,PERSPECTIVE, WHICH WHICH
DEPICTS THREE DIMENSIONS ON A FLAT DEPICTS THREE DIMENSIONS ON A FLAT
SURFACE.SURFACE.

25. 1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS
A) MICHELANGELOA) MICHELANGELO
-RENAISSANCE SCULPTOR, ARCHITECT, -RENAISSANCE SCULPTOR, ARCHITECT,
PAINTER AND POETPAINTER AND POET
-STUDIED ANATOMY IN ORDER TO CREATE -STUDIED ANATOMY IN ORDER TO CREATE
MORE LIFELIKE SCULPTURES AND MORE LIFELIKE SCULPTURES AND
PAINTINGS.PAINTINGS.
-HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS INCLUDE THE -HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS INCLUDE THE
PAINTINGS OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL, THE PAINTINGS OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL, THE
STATUE OF DAVID AND CONSTRUCTION OF STATUE OF DAVID AND CONSTRUCTION OF
THE DOME OF ST. PETER’S BASILICA IN THE DOME OF ST. PETER’S BASILICA IN
ROMEROME

29. B) LEONARDO DA VINCI
-PAINTER, SCULPTOR, INVENTOR AND
SCIENTIST,
-A “TRUE ”RENAISSANCE MAN
-STUDIED ANATOMY AND BOTANY, COMPOSED
NOTEBOOKS FULL OF OBSERVATIONS,
EXPERIMENTS AND SKETCHES.
-USE OF SCIENCE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY
OF HIS PAINTINGS.
-PAINTED THE MONA LISA AND THE LAST
SUPPER
ARTISTSARTISTS
1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS (Pg.2)1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS (Pg.2)

33. C) RAPHAEL SANZIOC) RAPHAEL SANZIO
-LEARNED FROM STUDYING THE WORKS OF -LEARNED FROM STUDYING THE WORKS OF
DA VINCI AND MICHELANGELO. DA VINCI AND MICHELANGELO.
-PAINTED NUMEROUS WORKS OF RELIGIOUS -PAINTED NUMEROUS WORKS OF RELIGIOUS
FIGURES SUCH AS MARYFIGURES SUCH AS MARY
D)DONATELLOD)DONATELLO
-ITALIAN SCULPTOR, DEPICTED RELIGIOUS -ITALIAN SCULPTOR, DEPICTED RELIGIOUS
FIGURES IN MARBLE AND BRONZEFIGURES IN MARBLE AND BRONZE
1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS (Pg.3)1) INFLUENTIAL ARTISTS (Pg.3)

35. G. RENAISSANCE WRITERSG. RENAISSANCE WRITERS
1) NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI1) NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
-WROTE THE POLITICAL GUIDEBOOK “ THE -WROTE THE POLITICAL GUIDEBOOK “ THE
PRINCE”PRINCE”
-IN THE BOOK, MACHIAVELLI EXAMINES HOW -IN THE BOOK, MACHIAVELLI EXAMINES HOW
A RULER CAN GAIN POWER AND KEEP IT A RULER CAN GAIN POWER AND KEEP IT
IN SPITE OF HIS ENEMIES. IN SPITE OF HIS ENEMIES.
IN ORDER TO SUCCEED, MUST USE HIS BRAIN IN ORDER TO SUCCEED, MUST USE HIS BRAIN
AS WELL AS HIS STRENGTH TO KEEP HIS AS WELL AS HIS STRENGTH TO KEEP HIS
POWER. POWER.
-HE WAS NOT CONCERNED WITH WHAT WAS -HE WAS NOT CONCERNED WITH WHAT WAS
MORALLY RIGHT, BUT WHAT WAS MORALLY RIGHT, BUT WHAT WAS
POLITICALLY EFFECTIVE.POLITICALLY EFFECTIVE.

36. G. RENAISSANCE WRITERS (PG 2)G. RENAISSANCE WRITERS (PG 2)
2) FRANCESCO PETRACH2) FRANCESCO PETRACH
-FATHER OF THE RENAISSANCE -FATHER OF THE RENAISSANCE
HUMANISMHUMANISM
-ITALIAN POET-ITALIAN POET

38. H. THE RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO H. THE RENAISSANCE SPREADS TO
EUROPEEUROPE
-SLOWLY, RENAISSANCE IDEAS TRAVELED FROM ITALY -SLOWLY, RENAISSANCE IDEAS TRAVELED FROM ITALY
TO NORTHERN EUROPE.TO NORTHERN EUROPE.
-HOWEVER, AS IT REACHED THESE NEW LOCATIONS, -HOWEVER, AS IT REACHED THESE NEW LOCATIONS,
THE RENAISSANCE TOOK ANOTHER FORM. THE RENAISSANCE TOOK ANOTHER FORM.
-INSTEAD OF MERCHANTS AND BANKERS, KINGS, -INSTEAD OF MERCHANTS AND BANKERS, KINGS,
QUEENS AND NOBLES BECAME THE CHIEF PATRONS QUEENS AND NOBLES BECAME THE CHIEF PATRONS
OF THE ARTS. OF THE ARTS.
-NORTHERN EUROPEAN SCHOLARS VIEWED RELIGION -NORTHERN EUROPEAN SCHOLARS VIEWED RELIGION
DIFFERENTLY THAN THE ITALIAN HUMANISTS.DIFFERENTLY THAN THE ITALIAN HUMANISTS.
-INSTEAD OF STUDYING THE GREEK AND ROMAN -INSTEAD OF STUDYING THE GREEK AND ROMAN
CULTURE, THESE SCHOLARS STUDIED THE EARLY CULTURE, THESE SCHOLARS STUDIED THE EARLY
TEACHING OF THE CHRISTIANS. TEACHING OF THE CHRISTIANS.
-HOWEVER, THEY STRESSED THE SAME IDEALS OF THE -HOWEVER, THEY STRESSED THE SAME IDEALS OF THE
HUMANISTS SUCH AS INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT HUMANISTS SUCH AS INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT
AND BEING HIGHLY EDUCATED.AND BEING HIGHLY EDUCATED.

39. I. THE PRINTING PRESSI. THE PRINTING PRESS
-A NEW INVENTION KNOWN AS THE PRINTING PRESS -A NEW INVENTION KNOWN AS THE PRINTING PRESS
PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN SPREADING PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN SPREADING
RENAISSANCE IDEAS TO EUROPE. RENAISSANCE IDEAS TO EUROPE.
-AROUND 1450, JOHANNES GUTENBURG OF GERMANY -AROUND 1450, JOHANNES GUTENBURG OF GERMANY
BECAME THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO USE MOVABLE BECAME THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO USE MOVABLE
TYPE TO PRINT COPIES OF THE BIBLE. TYPE TO PRINT COPIES OF THE BIBLE.
-IN THIS PROCESS, PRINTERS WOULD PLACE INK ONTO -IN THIS PROCESS, PRINTERS WOULD PLACE INK ONTO
WOODEN BLOCKS ETCHED WITH LETTERS. WOODEN BLOCKS ETCHED WITH LETTERS.
-THEN, THE BLOCKS WERE PRESSED ONTO PAPER -THEN, THE BLOCKS WERE PRESSED ONTO PAPER
LEAVING TYPE. MORE INK WAS PLACED ON THE LEAVING TYPE. MORE INK WAS PLACED ON THE
BLOCK AND THE PROCESS WAS REPEATED. BLOCK AND THE PROCESS WAS REPEATED.
-IN THIS WAY, WRITINGS COULD BE REPRODUCED -IN THIS WAY, WRITINGS COULD BE REPRODUCED
MANY TIMES. PRINTERS COULD THEN REARRANGE MANY TIMES. PRINTERS COULD THEN REARRANGE
THE BLOCKS TO CREATE DIFFERENT PAGES. THE BLOCKS TO CREATE DIFFERENT PAGES.
- BY 1475, PRINTING PRESSES OPERATED IN ENGLAND, - BY 1475, PRINTING PRESSES OPERATED IN ENGLAND,
FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY AND SEVERAL OTHER FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY AND SEVERAL OTHER
EUROPEAN NATIONS.EUROPEAN NATIONS.

40. I. THE PRINTING PRESS (PG. 2)I. THE PRINTING PRESS (PG. 2)
IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESSIMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS
1) THESE BOOKS HELPED CARRY 1) THESE BOOKS HELPED CARRY
RENAISSANCE IDEAS TO A LARGER RENAISSANCE IDEAS TO A LARGER
AUDIENCE. AUDIENCE.
2) AS PRINTING METHODS IMPROVED THE 2) AS PRINTING METHODS IMPROVED THE
COST OF PRODUCING BOOKS FELL. COST OF PRODUCING BOOKS FELL.
3) AS BOOK PRICES BECAME REASONABLE, 3) AS BOOK PRICES BECAME REASONABLE,
COMMONERS BEGAN TO PURCHASE BOOKS. COMMONERS BEGAN TO PURCHASE BOOKS.
4) DURING THIS TIME PERIOD, POPULAR 4) DURING THIS TIME PERIOD, POPULAR
BOOKS BEGAN TO BE PRINTED IN THE BOOKS BEGAN TO BE PRINTED IN THE
VERNACULAR LANGUAGEVERNACULAR LANGUAGE , OR THE COMMON , OR THE COMMON
LANGUAGE OF THE VARIOUS AREAS.LANGUAGE OF THE VARIOUS AREAS.

42. J. Northern Renaissance WritersJ. Northern Renaissance Writers
-UNLIKE THE ITALIAN HUMANISTS, NORTHERN -UNLIKE THE ITALIAN HUMANISTS, NORTHERN
EUROPEAN WRITERS WERE INTERESTED IN THE EUROPEAN WRITERS WERE INTERESTED IN THE
WRITINGS OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.WRITINGS OF THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.
-THEY BEGAN TO ANALYZE THE BIBLE AND OTHER -THEY BEGAN TO ANALYZE THE BIBLE AND OTHER
CHRISTIAN WRITINGSCHRISTIAN WRITINGS . .
1) THOMAS MORE. 1) THOMAS MORE.
-IN HIS BOOK, UTOPIA, HE CONDEMNED -IN HIS BOOK, UTOPIA, HE CONDEMNED
GOVERNMENTS AS CORRUPT AND ARGUED THAT ALL GOVERNMENTS AS CORRUPT AND ARGUED THAT ALL
CITIZENS SHOULD BE EQUAL. CITIZENS SHOULD BE EQUAL.
2) WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE2) WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
-HIS STRENGTH WAS HIS ABILITY TO TRANSFORM -HIS STRENGTH WAS HIS ABILITY TO TRANSFORM
WELL KNOWN STORIES INTO DRAMATIC WELL KNOWN STORIES INTO DRAMATIC
MASTERPIECES. MASTERPIECES.
-HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS INCLUDE HAMLET, ROMEO -HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS INCLUDE HAMLET, ROMEO
AND JULIET AND MACBETH.AND JULIET AND MACBETH.