The role of felixible pavement in global temperation rise

It give the idea aboiut how felxible pavement causes to increase the global warming .The study's findings reveal that changing climate exacerbates pavement distresses, leading to reduced pavement lifespans and increased numbers of reconstruction projects, which in turn raise demands for materials and equipment and contribute to higher GHG emissions.

1. Department of Civil Engineering JSPM Narhe Technical Campus Savitribai Phule Pune University 2023 -2024 Project Title On The Role of Flexible Pavement in Global Temperature Rise Presented By Nikita Chavan -16 Varun Deshmukh -22 Jayendra Dhebe - 25 Hemant Sarode -33 Sudhir M ane-53 Guide Prof. S.S.Bansode 1

2. Introduction Aim Objective Scope Literature Survey Methodology Planning of phase II References 2 Content

3.  The length of total road network as per information collected from MORTH, NHAI, State PWD’s is: Total Length: 63.73 lakh km The width of single lane highway is 3.75m . Two lanes without raised kerbs in 7.0m Two lanes with raised kerbs in 7.5m Multi lanes pavement width per lane in 3.5m   If Earth's climate is colder and there is more snow and ice on the planet ,  albedo increases, more sunlight is reflected out to space, and the climate gets even cooler . 4 Introduction

4. What is Albedo Effect? Albedo is an expreesion of the ability of surface to reflect sunlight It is a geographical term, in which Radiations turns back to the atmosphere. Light-coloured surfaces ( i.e , snow, ice) return a large part of sunrays back to the atmosphere (high albedo). Dark surfaces ( i.e , asphalt, water, forests) absorb the rays from the sun (low albedo). 4 Albedo Effect

5. There are two types of Pavement Rigid Pavement (Cement Concrete) Flexible Pavement (Bitumen) Albedo Effect on Flexible Pavement is lesser than Rigid Pavement. Albedo Value of Flexible Pavement can be increased by painting it with lighter colour ( i.e.White ) which can reflect back the sunrays to the atmosphere. Albedo can be measured using satellite imagery or a pyranometer device, which detects shortwave solar radiation in the form of watts per square meter (W/sq m). 5 Albedo Effect

6. 6 Albedo Effect

7. 7 Albedo Effect on different sources :-

8. To Identify the role of flexible pavement in global temperature rise. 6 Aim

9. To Analyse the road length by collecting data from MoRTH ,NHAI and State PWD’s. To identify the material to be used to increase Albedo effect. To Analyse the albedo effect on different types of pavement. To check suitability of identified material for construction of pavement. 7 Objectives

10. According to MoRTH , NHAI, State PWD’s 2022-23 Total road length:- 63.73 lakh km National highways:-1,44,634 km State highways:-1,86,908 km Other roads:-59,02,539 km 10

11. Synthetic barium Sulphate is used as a component of white pigment for paint. Colour of Barium Sulphate is White Barium Sulphate is found as a White ,Odourless powder or small Crystals. 11 BaSo4 –Barium Sulphate

12. Flexible pavement, which typically consists of layers of asphalt or bitumen on top of a subgrade, can contribute to rising global temperatures through several mechanisms:-Heat Absorption, Reduce Albedo, Heat Retention and Altered Land Use. In simple terms, darker pavements absorb more sunlight and it gets hotter, contributing to higher temperatures. 12 Problem Statement

13. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 1. Design of Cool & Reflective Pavements for Reduction in Air Temperature at Day Time & Better Visibility of Road at Night. Mr. Vidya Sagar, Mr. Honey Gaur [2020] The pavement surface should be able to provide favourable light-reflecting characteristics. A Reflective & Cool Pavement is a kind of road surface layer that is light in colour as compare to the conventional dark pavement. Various types of light-coloured road pavement, daytime luminance, night-time reflectivity on different types of roads and various benefits of light-coloured reflective road surfacing are to be studied in this subject. 13 Literature Survey

14. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 2. An Assessment of the Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Climate Change on Asphalt Pavement in  China. Yinghao Miao, Jiajia Sheng, and Jin Ye [2022]. In the global warming context, understanding the impact of temperature rise on asphalt pavement is the basis for making adaptation strategies. An approach based on historical climate data and pavement performance models was employed to assess the potential impact of temperature rise on asphalt pavement in China. Global warming is bringing serious challenges to the structure and material design of asphalt pavement due to the increasing service temperature range. 14 Literature Survey

15. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 3. Mapping the albedo of the active surface at different stages of the growing season using data from various  Sources. Piotr Bartmiński , Marcin  Siłuch [2022] The albedo of active surfaces, such as soil, plant cover, or anthropogenic objects, is one of the most important components of the Earth's energy balance. It is most often determined based on satellite data. 15 Literature Survey

16. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 4. Novel Index for Vulnerability Assessment of Flexible Pavement Infrastructure to Temperature Rise: Case Study of Developing  Countries Saqib Gulzar, Boris Goenag , B Shane Underwo -od. Journal of Infrastru-cture Systems 28 (1), 04021055, 2022 Road infrastructure is engineered to perform through constant exposure to climatological stressors. Due to climate change in particular, expected rises in the average ambient and extreme temperatures, pavement performance might deviate from what was originally predicted at the design stage. 16 Literature Survey

17. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 5. Flexible pavements and climate change: impact of climate change on the performance, maintenance, and life-cycle costs of flexible  pavements. [2015]. Yaning Qiao . Flexible pavements are environmentally sensitive elements of infrastructure and their performance can be influenced by climate. Climate change poses a challenge to design and management of flexible pavements in the future. Climate change can occur worldwide and thus all flexible pavements can be exposed to the impact. 17 Literature Survey

18. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 6. Climate Resilience Of Flexible Pavement Highways: Assessment Of Current Practice. Yaning Qiao , Dermot B Casey, Kranthi K Kuna, Kieran Kelly, Bingling Mei, and Iain D MacGregor [2016]. Flexible pavements are environmentally sensitive elements of infrastructure with the properties of the construction materials changing depending on short term and long term climate conditions. This paper discussed climate resilience in pavement design and asset management. Initially, two tools to predict climate change were reviewed and the potential effects on pavement structures of climate stressors were discussed. 18 Literature Survey

19. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 7. Quantifying the effect of climate change on the deterioration of a flexible pavement Y. Qiao , A. Dawson, and T. Parry Climate change raises challenges for conventional pavement design. With climate projections, deteriorations of a pavement can be analysed using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), under various global warming trends. The result exhibits to what extent climate change will have an impact on deteriorations of a flexible pavement. 19 Literature Survey

20. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 8. Climate Change Implications for Flexible Pavement Design and Performance in Southern Canada Brian N. Mills1 ; Susan L. Tighe, Ph.D., P.E.2 ; Jean Andrey Two types of analysis were conducted to examine the impacts of midcentury scenarios of anthropogenic climate change on flexible pavement infrastructure in southern Canada. An analysis of deterioration-relevant climate indicators at 17 southern Canadian sites revealed that over the next 50 years low temperature cracking will become less problematic, structures will freeze later and thaw earlier with correspondingly shorter freeze season lengths, and higher extreme in-service pavement temperatures will raise the potential for rutting. 20 Literature Survey

21. Sr. No. Title Of Research Paper & year Name Of Author Description 9. Reflectance and albedo, surface J A Coakley, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA [2003] ‘Albedo’ is Latin, meaning whiteness. The albedo of a surface is the fraction of the incident sunlight that the surface reflects. Radiation that is not reflected is absorbed by the surface. The absorbed energy raises the surface temperature, evaporates water, melts and sublimates snow and ice, and energizes the turbulent heat exchange between the surface and the lowest layer of the atmosphere. 21 Literature Survey

22. 22 Preparation of Model Material Material in percentage (1200 gm) Material in gm Aggregate-20mm 22% 264gm Aggregate-10mm 19% 120gm Aggregate-6mm 16% 72gm Crush sand Stone dust 41% 2% 492gm 24gm Bitumen (VG30) 4.5% 62 gm BaSo4 5-20 % 60-240gm

23. Prea 23

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25. 25 Tests performed on the Blocks :- 1.Albedo effect on flexible pavement 2.Marshall stability test on Bitumen blocks

26. 26 1.Albedo effect on flexible pavement :- Time % of Baso4 Albedo value UV rays 12:20 pm 5.878 12:30 pm 5% 6.025 40.23 12:40 pm 6.025 12:50 pm 6.483 13:00 pm 10 % 6.101 41 13:10 pm 6.101 13:20 pm 6.245 13:30 pm 15% 6.483 42.74 13:40 pm 6.203 13:50 pm 6.178 14:00 pm 20% 6.254 43.37 14:10 pm 6.203

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28. 28 2.Marshall stability test :- Time % of Baso4 UV Rays MJ/M2 12:20 pm 5.878 12:30 pm 5% 6.025 40.23 12:40 pm 6.025 12:50 pm 6.483 13:00 pm 10 % 6.101 41 13:10 pm 6.101 13:20 pm 6.245 13:30 pm 15% 6.483 42.74 13:40 pm 6.203 13:50 pm 6.178 14:00 pm 20% 6.254 43.37 14:10 pm 6.203

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30. 30 Methodology Analysis of global temperature rise on flexible pavement Finding the filler material to reduce the global temperature Check the albedo effect on flexible pavement treated with BaSO4 Finding values of albedo and stability of pavement

31. 31 References Sagar, M. V., & Gaur, M. H. (2020). Design of Cool & Reflective Pavements for Reduction in Air Temperature at Day Time & Better Visibility of Road at Night.  Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol ,  7 , 3900-3907. Miao, Y., Sheng, J., & Ye, J. (2022). An Assessment of the Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Climate Change on Asphalt Pavement in China.  Sustainability ,  14 (15), 9044. Bartmiński , P., & Siłuch , M. (2022). Mapping the albedo of the active surface at different stages of the growing season using data from various sources.  Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment ,  28 , 100818. Gulzar, S., Goenaga , B., & Shane Underwood, B. (2022). Novel Index for Vulnerability Assessment of Flexible Pavement Infrastructure to Temperature Rise: Case Study of Developing Countries.  Journal of Infrastructure Systems ,  28 (1), 04021055. Qiao , Y. (2015).  Flexible pavements and climate change: impact of climate change on the performance, maintenance, and life-cycle costs of flexible pavements  (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham). Qiao , Y., Casey, D. B., Kuna, K. K., Kelly, K., & Macgregor, I. D. (2016, February). Climate resilience of flexible pavement highways: assessment of current practice. In  Proceedings of the LJMU Annual International Conference on Asphalt, Pavement Engineering and Infrastructure, Liverpool, UK  (pp. 24-25).

32. Thank you 32