The Role of Physics in Supporting Sustainable Development

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1. 1 The Role of Physics in Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 Wahyu Srigutomo Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia President of the Physical Society of Indonesia (PSI)

2. 2 I. Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The United Nations General Assembly established 17 global goals on January 1, 2016, calling them a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all" . A comprehensive and interconnected framework that addresses the most pressing global challenges. A moral imperative and essential for creating a more equitable , prosperous , and sustainable future for current and future generations. It requires collective action , innovation , and commitment from governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals worldwide.

3. 3 II. The Role of Physics Physics  to understand the fundamental principles governing the behavior of matter, energy, and the universe . Physics  exploring the underlying laws and forces that govern the physical world, from the smallest particles to the largest celestial bodies (classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and relativity). Clean Energy (SDG 7)  principles of energy conversion and storage  solar panels, wind turbines, and nuclear reactors Climate Action (SDG 13)  understanding climate change and its impacts  analysis of climate data, modeling climate systems, development of technologies to mitigate climate change (ex: carbon capture & renewable energy solutions). Life Below Water and Life on Land (SDGs 14 and 15)  oceanography, ecosystem dynamics, and biodiversity conservation  remote sensing and underwater robotics  monitoring and protecting marine & terrestrial ecosystems. Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6)  water treatment, purification, and the development of efficient filtration systems  ensuring access to clean water & sanitation. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9)  innovations in infrastructure development, transportation, and telecommunications  design and optimization Quality Education (SDG 4)  fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and scientific literacy  careers in science and technology. Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17)  research  international collaborations and partnerships  interdisciplinary nature of addressing global challenges.

4. 4 III. Energy and Climate Action (SDG 7 and 13) Physics Solar Energy Wind Energy Hydropower Geothermal Energy Biomass Energy Tidal & Wave Energy Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Energy Energy Storage Aerodynamics Mechanics and Dynamics Wind Resource Assessment Fluid Mechanics Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics Combustion Physics Hydrodynamics

5. 5 III. Energy and Climate Action (SDG 7 and 13)

6. 6 III. Energy and Climate Action (SDG 7 and 13) Physics Understanding Climate Change Developing Mitigation Strategies Radiative Forcing Greenhouse Effect Heat Transfer Ocean Circulation Ice and Albedo Atmospheric Dynamics Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Nuclear Energy Climate Models Carbon Pricing Technological Innovation

7. 7 IV. Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) Filtration and Separation Sedimentation and Flocculation Disinfection Monitoring Water Quality Water Flow and Distribution Water Purification Technologies Heat-based Technologies Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Gravity Settling Flocculation Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Chlorination Spectroscopy Electrochemistry Fluid Dynamics Acoustics Hydraulics Pumps and Valves Electrodialysis Distillation

8. 8 V. Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11) Urban Planning Transportation Infrastructure Development Smart City Technologies : Traffic Flow Modeling Environmental Impact Assessmen t Heat Island Effect Vehicle Dynamics Traffic Signal Optimization Mass Transit Systems Structural Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Materials Science Sensors Data Analytics Energy Efficiency Communication Networks Renewable Energy

9. VI. Quality Education (SDG 4) Physics education plays a pivotal role in promoting STEM fields : Foundation of STEM Knowledge Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Interdisciplinary Understanding Innovation and Technology Advancement Scientific Literacy To promote physics education and STEM fields, various physics-based educational tools and resources are available: Laboratory Equipment Simulations and Software Online Courses and MOOCs Interactive Demonstrations Educational Websites and Apps Educational Videos Physics Outreach Programs Physics Competitions Textbooks and Educational Materials Physics Associations and Societies (IOP, APS, PSI, etc.) 9

10. VI. Quality Education (SDG 4) 10

11. VII. Life Below Water and Life on Land (SDG 14 and 15) Monitoring Marine Ecosystems : Oceanography Remote Sensing Wave and Tide Modeling Underwater Robotics Seafloor Mapping Coral Reef Health Conserving Terrestrial Ecosystems: Climate Modeling Remote Sensing Hydrology Geospatial Analysis Environmental Monitoring Biodiversity Assessment Wildlife Tracking 11

12. VIII. Health and Well-being (SDG 3) 12 Medical Physics  a specialized branch of physics that applies the principles and techniques of physics to the field of healthcare and medicine . Development of medical devices and diagnostics . Radiation Therapy Medical Imaging Dosimetry Development of Imaging Techniques Particle Therapy Medical Device Development Biomechanics Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research and Innovation Quality Assurance Regulatory Compliance Education and Training

13. IX. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9) 13 How Physics Drives Technological Innovation : Understanding the Laws of Nature Problem Solving Innovation at the Fundamentals Optimizing Existing Technologies Interdisciplinary Collaboration Advancements in Materials Science : Nanomaterials : quantum dots and nanotubes  electronics, medicine, and energy storage. Superconductors :  energy transmission and medical imaging technologies (e.g ., MRI) Metamaterials :  manipulate EM waves  innovations in optics, cloaking devices, and antennas. Advancements in Manufacturing: Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) Laser Technology Semiconductor Manufacturing Advanced Materials Processing Materials Characterization

14. X. Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17) 14 Collaboration between physicists, policymakers, and other stakeholders is essential for achieving the SDGs: Interdisciplinary Solutions Scientific Expertise Innovation and Technology Policy Formulation Global Perspective Communication and Outreach Monitoring and Evaluation Resource Allocation https://blog.byjus.com/the-learning-tree/careerscope/can-degree-physics/

15. XI. Emerging Areas in Physics Research for SDGs 15 Quantum Technologies Advanced Materials Nuclear Fusion Photonics and Optoelectronics Precision Agriculture Climate Modeling Biophysics and Medical Imaging Space Physics and Earth Observation https://toptrends.nowandnext.com/

16. XII. Summary 16 Physics is a fundamental science that provides the foundation for understanding the physical world , making it a crucial tool for addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Physics contributes to sustainable development by driving innovations in clean energy , environmental monitoring , healthcare , materials science , and more. Collaboration between physicists, policymakers, and other stakeholders is essential to harness the full potential of physics for achieving the SDGs. Challenges , such as resource constraints and technological barriers, must be addressed to fully leverage physics for sustainable development. Emerging areas in physics research , including quantum technologies, advanced materials, and climate modeling, hold great promise for advancing the SDGs.

17. 17 Terima Kasih