THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN MOVEMENT LESSON 4-6.pptx

1. THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN MOVEMENT -PED 025 MS. MARY GRACE E ESPA ṄOL,LPT

2. Directional terms and relations

3. Anterior -- In front of or front Posterior - In behind of or behind Superior Towards the top of the head Inferior Towards the feet Medial Towards the median Lateral - Away from median Proximal- Closer or towards the trunk or the point of origin of the body part Distal - Away or farthest away from the trunk or the point of origin of the body part Superficial - Nearer to the surface Deep- Farther from the surface

4. Types of Movement Flexion - Decreasing the angle between two structures Extension - - Increasing the angle between two structures Plantarflexion - Flexion of the plantar (underside) part of the foot Dorsiflexion - Flexion of the dorsum (top) part of the foot Abduction - Moving away from the midline Adduction -Moving towards the midline Protrusion -Moving straight ahead or forwards (tongue, mandible)

5. Retrusion Moving backwards (tongue, mandible) Protraction Moving forwards and laterally simultaneously Retraction Moving backwards and medially simultaneously Depression Moving downwards Elevation Moving upwards

6. The Science of Human Movement, part 2

7. The human skeleton provides a strong, internal framework that supports the body, provide protection for vital organs, and provides attachment for the muscles. It can be classified in two – the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton . The Axial skeleton is the central core of the body and it houses and protects the vital organs (heart, lungs). The appendicular skeleton forms the extremeties – arms and legs

8. Bones of the Axial Skeleton The Axial Skeleton forms the main frame of the body - the bones of the head and the trunk. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones: • 29 bones in the head – (8 cranial and 14 facial bones) and then also 7 associated bones (6 auditory ossicles and the Hyoid Bone) • 25 bones of the thorax – (the sternum and 24 ribs) • 26 bones in the vertebral column (24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx)

9. Bones of the Appendicular skeleton : The appendicular skeleton bones are essentially the appendages that hang, or “append”, from the axial skeleton. Of the 206 bones in the human body 126 of these make up the appendicular skeleton. • 4 bones in the shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula each side)

10. • 6 bones in the arm and forearm ( humerus , ulna, and radius) • 58 bones in the hands (carpals 16, metacarpals 10, phalanges 28 and sesamoid 4) • 2 pelvis bones • 8 bones in the legs (femur, tibia, patella, and fibula) • 56 bones in the feet ( tarsals , metatarsals, phalanges