The soil salination on water irrigation types

This contains the soil salinationworks of water irrigation techniques

1. Soil Salinization
Abisheck R
23CER002
Irrigation Engineering

2. Soil salinization is the accumulation
of soluble salts in the soil, leading
to reduced agricultural productivity.
It affects agricultural productivity,
water management, and soil health.
Causes, effects, and practical
solutions to combat soil
salinization.
Soil Salinization

3. Causes of Soil Salinization
Natural Causes
●High evaporation in arid regions
●Saline parent material in the soil
Human-induced Causes
●Over-irrigation with poor drainage
●Use of saline irrigation water
●Excessive fertilizer use, especially sodium-based fertilizers

4. Effects of Soil Salinization
●Reduced Crop Yields: High salt levels decrease water
availability to plants.
●Soil Structure Degradation: Salt buildup can cause
compaction and crusting, reducing water infiltration.
●Toxicity to Plants: Excessive salts (sodium, chloride)
harm plant growth and nutrient uptake.
●Global Impact: Affects 20% of the world's irrigated
lands, threatening food security.

5. Solutions to Combat Soil Salinization
Improved Irrigation:
●Drip Irrigation: Efficient, reduces water waste and salt
accumulation.
●Proper Drainage: Helps flush salts out and prevent their
buildup.
Leaching: Regularly irrigate with excess water to flush out
salts from the soil.
Soil Amendments: Adding gypsum or organic matter to
improve soil structure and reduce salinity.

6. Case Studies
Israel: Advanced drip irrigation and proper water management help
control salinity.
India: Punjab's use of leaching and improved irrigation techniques to
manage salinization.
Australia: Efforts to reduce land salinization through reforestation and
better water management.