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POWERPOINT PRESENTATION OF TRACHEOSTOMY

1. Tracheostomy BY: CHARLYNNE G. ARAOJO/ BSN 4D

2. TRACHEOSTOMY A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea (windpipe) to provide an alternative airway for breathing. This procedure is often performed when a patient is unable to breathe effectively through their natural airway due to various medical conditions. TRACHEOTOMY - refers to the incision (cut) that the surgeon creates on the windpipe. TRACHEOSTOMY - refers to the opening itself (also called stoma).

3. Anatomy and Physiology of the Airway 1 Upper Airway The upper airway includes the nose, pharynx, and larynx. This section of the airway is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying air as it enters the body. 2 Trachea The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a flexible tube that connects the larynx to the lungs. It is composed of cartilage rings, which help to keep the airway open during breathing. 3 Lower Airway The lower airway consists of the bronchi and bronchioles, which branch out from the trachea and lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

4. Indications for Tracheostomy 1 Airway Obstruction Tracheostomy is indicated for patients with severe airway obstruction, such as from tumors, trauma, or infection. 2 Respiratory Failure Patients who are unable to maintain adequate oxygen levels or remove carbon dioxide due to conditions like neuromuscular disorders or lung disease may require a tracheostomy. 3 Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation Patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation, often due to chronic respiratory illnesses, may benefit from a tracheostomy to facilitate easier and more comfortable breathing. 4 Airway Protection Tracheostomy can be used to protect the airway in patients at risk of aspiration, such as those with a decreased level of consciousness or difficulty swallowing.

5. Tracheostomy Procedure Anesthesia The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. Incision A small incision is made in the front of the neck, below the thyroid cartilage. Trachea Exposure The trachea is identified and exposed through the incision. Tracheostomy Tube Insertion A tracheostomy tube is inserted into the opening in the trachea, securing the tube with sutures or ties. Closure The incision is closed with sutures, and the tracheostomy tube is connected to a ventilator or breathing circuit.

6. Tracheostomy Tube Types and Selection Fenestrated Tubes These tubes have a small opening or window in the tube that allows air to pass through the vocal cords, enabling the patient to speak. Cuffed Tubes Cuffed tubes have an inflatable cuff that seals the trachea around the tube, preventing air leakage and aiding in ventilation. Non-Cuffed Tubes Non-cuffed tubes are typically used for patients who are able to breathe on their own, as they do not seal the airway.

7. Tracheostomy Care and Maintenance 1 Suctioning Suctioning is necessary to remove secretions from the tracheostomy tube and airway, ensuring a clear airway. 2 Tube Cleaning Regular cleaning of the inner cannula and stoma helps prevent infection and maintains proper functioning of the tracheostomy. 3 Tube Changes Tracheostomy tubes need to be changed periodically, depending on the type of tube and the patient's individual needs. 4 Stoma Care The stoma, the opening in the neck, requires cleaning and moisture management to prevent irritation and infection. 5 Humidification Humidification is essential to prevent the airway from drying out and to keep the secretions thin and easy to remove.

8. Tracheostomy Complications Infection Pneumonia, tracheitis, stoma infection Bleeding Minor bleeding from the stoma is common, but major bleeding can occur. Pneumothorax Air leakage into the chest cavity, a rare but serious complication. Tracheal Stenosis Narrowing of the trachea, which can occur due to scar tissue formation or prolonged tube placement. Tube Dislodgement The tube can become dislodged, requiring immediate intervention to reinsert it. Tube Obstruction Secretions or foreign objects can obstruct the tracheostomy tube, leading to breathing difficulties.

9. Tracheostomy Nursing Considerations Respiratory Monitoring Nurses closely monitor the patient's respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and breathing pattern. Suctioning Management Nurses ensure proper suctioning techniques to maintain a clear airway and prevent complications. Stoma Care and Hygiene Nurses provide meticulous stoma care to prevent infection and promote healing. Patient Education and Support Nurses educate the patient and family about tracheostomy care, communication, and coping mechanisms.

10. Tracheostomy Patient and Family Education Communication Patients with tracheostomy tubes may have difficulty speaking. Alternative communication methods, such as writing, gestures, or speech-generating devices, are essential. Stoma Care Patients and families need to learn how to clean the stoma, change the tube, and perform other care procedures. Safety Precautions Patients with tracheostomy tubes must take precautions to avoid dislodging the tube or aspirating fluids. Emotional Support Patients and families may need emotional support to adjust to life with a tracheostomy and navigate the challenges associated with it.

11. Thank you for your time!