THE TSUNAMI

This would be the best PPT on tsunami you would have ever seen

1. PPT ON TSUNAMI Presented by :- Kshitij Maurya Class :- VVVI ‘c’ Subject :- English Subject Teacher :- Mr. Pinjari Sir

2. T SUNAMI t

3. What is Tsunami ? Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. Out in the depths of the ocean , tsunami waves do not dramatically increase in height. But as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher heights as the depth of the ocean decreases

4. Causes of tsunami EARTHQUAKES Most tsunami are caused by large earthquakes on the sea floor when slabs of rock move past each other suddenly, causing the overlying water to move. The resulting waves move away from the source of the earthquake event. LANDSLIDES Underwater landslides can cause tsunami as can terrestrial land which slumps into the ocea n. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Less common are tsunami initiated by volcanic eruptions. These occur in several ways: destructive collapse of coastal, island and underwater volcanoes which result in massive landslides pyroclastic flows, which are dense mixtures of hot blocks, pumice, ash and gas, plunging down volcanic slopes into the ocean and pushing water outwards a caldera volcano collapsing after an eruption causing overlying water to drop suddenly.

5. Facts of tsunami Approximately 80% of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean's Ring of Fire, where earthquakes and volcanoes are common. 2. A tsunami can reach speeds of 500 miles per hour, which is almost the speed of a jet airplane. 3. Because of their speed, a tsunami could cross the Pacific Ocean in only one day. 4. The long wave-length of a tsunami allows it to maintain its strength as it moves toward shore. 5. As a tsunami nears the shore, it slows down, but it gains more height and energy.

6. HISTORY First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out. A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755. North and South American records have dated such events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821. Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.

7. Tsunami "Wave Train " Many people have the mistaken belief that tsunamis are single waves. They are not. Instead tsunamis are "wave trains" consisting of multiple waves. The chart below is a tidal gauge record from Onagawa , Japan beginning at the time of the 1960 Chile earthquake. Time is plotted along the horizontal axis and water level is plotted on the vertical axis. Note the normal rise and fall of the ocean surface, caused by tides, during the early part of this record. Then recorded are a few waves a little larger than normal followed by several much larger waves. In many tsunami events the shoreline is pounded by repeated large waves

8. Where are tsunamis caused ?? Tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean , but are a global phenomenon; they are possible wherever large bodies of water are found, including inland lakes, where they can be caused by landslides. Japan is a nation with the most recorded tsunamis in the world. The earliest recorded disaster being that of the 684 A.D.

9. Warning signs of Tsunami !!!! An earthquake is a natural tsunami warning. If you feel a strong quake do not stay in a place where you are exposed to a tsunami. If you hear of an earthquake be aware of the possibility of a tsunami and listen to the radio or television for additional information. Many people were killed by the Indian Ocean tsunami because they went down to the beach to view the retreating ocean exposing the seafloor. Remember that a tsunami is a series of waves and that the first wave may not be the most dangerous. The danger from a tsunami can last for several hours after the arrival of the first wave.

10. TSUNAMI SAFETY TIPS When in coastal areas, they stay aleart from tsunami warnings Plan evacuation route that leads to higher ground Know the warning signs of a tsunami: rapidily rising or falling coastal waters and rumblings of an offshare earthquake Never stay near shore to watch a tsunami come in

11. View of a Tsunami Taken By A Satellite

12. TSUNAMI IN 2004 IN ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND

13. On the morning of Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake whose epicenter was located 160 km off Indonesia's Sumatra coast, unleashed the most powerful tsunami recorded in history. It killed about 230,000 people in 14 countries. India lost more than 16,000 people as villages were wiped out along its southern coast and on the Andaman and Nicobar Island chain.

14. The Andaman and Nicobar islands have not left the tsunami behind, only because the tsunami has not left them. Along with its visible reminders like broken buildings and damaged roads, the tsunami here is felt as well, like a twist in the heart. Questions about glasses half empty or half full are meaningless. There is no glass anymore - life as it was, tenuously linked by satellite telephones, stately ferries and one civilian helicopter, will never be the same again. It is said dignitaries looked around on some of the southern islands and asked to see some damage. The tsunami has obliterated all trace of human life, leaving behind nothing but silver sands and a virgin beach. It is a terrifying paradise .

15. The Destruction Of Tsunami Tsunami death toll tops 118,000. Around 10,000 killed in India. In Thailand, more than 4,000are feared dead and dozens of deaths are reported in Malaysia, Myanmar and Maldives. WHO estimates five millionpeopleare without basic needs.

16. Calong, A land of 13,000 “ vaporized” by Tsunami

17. 10 MOST DESTRUCTIVE TSUNAMI IN HUMAN HISTORY 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami 1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Tsunami 1868 Arica Tsunami 1908 Messina Earthquake and Tsunami 2011 Sendai Earthquake and Tsunami 1960 Hilo Tsunami 1896 Honshu Tsunami 1498 Meio Nankaido Earthquake and Tsunami 1946 Aleutian Tsunami 1883 Krakatoa Tsunami

18. What to Do After a Tsunami Continue listening to a NOAA Weather Radio, Coast Guard emergency frequency station, or other reliable source for emergency information Help injured or trapped persons Use the telephone only for emergency calls Stay out of the building if waters remain around it Examine walls, floors, doors, staircases, and windows to make sure that the building is not in danger of collapsing. Inspect foundations for cracks or other damage

19. PREVENTIONS Loss of life and property can be reduced by proper planning. Tsunami warnings can be made to aware peoples. Stay away from all low lying coastal areas. Never go down to the shore to watch tsunami. Stay out of low lying danger areas until an “all-clear” is issued by competent authority .

20. Avoid building or living in buildings within several hundred feet of the coastline. These areas are more likely to experience damage from tsunamis, strong winds, or coastal storms. Make a list of items to bring inside in the event of a tsunami. A list will help you remember anything that can be swept away by tsunami waters. Elevate coastal homes. Most tsunami waves are less than 10 feet. Elevating your house will help reduce damage to your property from most tsunamis. Follow flood preparedness precautions. Tsunamis are large amounts of water that crash onto the coastline, creating floods. Have an engineer check your home and advise about ways to make it more resistant to tsunami water. There may be ways to divert waves away from your property. Improperly built walls could make your situation worse. Consult with a professional for advice.  How to Protect Your Property ??

21. Develop a Family Disaster Plan Learn about tsunami risk in your community If you are visiting an area at risk from tsunamis , check with the hotel, motel, or campground operators for tsunami evacuation information Plan an evacuation route from your home, school, workplace , or any other place you'll be where tsunamis present a risk. Practice your evacuation route Use a NOAA Weather Radio with a tone-alert feature  to keep you informed of local watches and warnings. Discuss tsunami with your family Assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit  Plan for a Tsunami

22. A tsunami can travel at well over 970 kph (600 mph) in the open ocean - as fast as a jet flies. It can take only a few hours for a tsunami to travel across an entire ocean. A regular wave (generated by the wind) travels at up to about 90 km/hr

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