THE UNION GOVERNMENT: THE LEGISLATURE CLASS 8TH

SOCIAL SCIENCE CIVICS CLASS 8TH DAV

1. DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL SURANGANI (CHAMBA) AMAN BHATIA

2. Union government: the legislative

3. India is a vast country with diverse language, religious, customs, traditions, lifestyles, climatic conditions and geographical features. It becomes difficult to have a single unified administrative setup. We opted federal government.:----- the Aim of federal govt. is to bring unity in diversity by harmonising the opposing forces, to achieve common national goals

4. level of federal government National level---- central government/ union government State level---- state government headed by governor(head of state) . CM (head of the govt ) governed council of ministers. Grassroot level/ local bodies--- urban as well as rural government.

5. Organ of NATIONAL government Legislature ---- make the law Executive ---- implements law Judiciary– interprets law or review the law

6. Union legislature The union legislature is called the Parliament. The parliament of India consists of The president of India+ The Rajya Sabha+ The Lok sabha EXECUTIVE President+ vice-president+ prime minister+ council of minister Council of minister--- includes various ministers responsible for different govt. (29 includes current PM) JUDICIARY Supreme court+ chief justice + 25 sitting judges (maxi. No. can be 31)

7. To ensure that the Union and the State Government have a definite jurisdiction of legislative powers without any conflict overlapping of functioning, the makers of our constitution enumerated and divided all the subject on which laws could be made into three list. These are 1 . union list 2. State list 3. concurrent list

8. Universal adult franchise According to which all citizens who are 18 or more than 18 years of age of have the right to vote . This right gives the people an opportunity to actively participate in the political process of the country. They elect their representatives who constitute the Parliament that controls and guides the Union Government. People express their trust in the functioning of our democratic set-up .

9. Lok Sabha (lower house) Known as the House of the people . The house is presided over by the Speaker . 552=(530+20+2) is the maximum strength of the house. 25 years is the minimum age to become a member of the house. LS is subject to dissolution after a period of 5 years. Members are elected through direct elections by the eligible votes. Members are elected through universal adult franchise. Rajya Sabha (upper house) Known as the council of states . The house is presided over by the chairman (vice-president). 250=(238+12) is the maximum strength of the house. 30 years is the minimum age to become a member of the house. RS is a permanent body that can’t be dissolved. Members are elected indirectly by the elected members of the assemblies of state and UTs. Members are elected through proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent House. The Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved. Each member of Rajya Sabha is elected for a term six years. 1/3rd of its total member retire after every two years.

10. Composition Of Rajya Sabha :- Max . Strength - 250 (238+12 ) 238 - Representatives Of States & Union Territories 12- Nominated By President - Art, Literature, Science, Social Service . Composition Of Lok Sabha :- Max . Strength - 552 (230+20+2 ) 230 - Representation Of States - Directly Elected By People 20- Representation Of Union Territories - Directly Elected By People 2- Nominated Members - President ( Anglo-Indian community) In January 2020, the Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 .

11. qualification In order to become a member of the Lok Sabha , the candidate must have the following qualifications: She/He must be a citizen of India . She/He must have completed the 25 years of age . Her/His name must be in the voters' list . She/He must possess such other qualifications as may be prescribed under law made by the Parliament . She/He should not be a government servant. In order to become a member of the Rajya Sabha, the candidate must have the following qualifications: To become a member of Rajya Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and not less than 30 years of age . Her/His name must be in the voters' list.

12. Which house is more powerful? An ordinary bill can be introduced in either House of the Parliament. But a money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. Approval of both Houses in necessary for passing a Bill. In case of disagreement (only in case of ordinary bills) a majority vote in taken in a joint meeting of both Houses. There is no provision to hold a joint sitting in case of money bills or amendment bills. Ragarding money matters, the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Money bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. If the Rajya Sabha makes any recommendation regarding a money bill, the Lok Sabha may or may not accept it. Hence, the Lok Sabha is a more powerful House.

13. The making of a law is initiated by introducing a legislative proposal for the ordinary bill in either of the two houses of the parliament. It goes through three readings in each house. Approval of both the houses is necessary for passing a bill. For example, in the first reading, the member introducing the bill takes the permission of the house to introduce the bill and explain the purpose of the bill. In the second reading, a general discussion is held, followed by a detailed discussion, step by step. In the third reading, the bill as a whole is put to vote. If passed by a majority, it is sent to the other house. There, the house adopts the same procedure. When both houses pass the bill, it is sent to the president for his assent. In case of disagreement between the two houses, a majority vote is taken in the joint meeting of both the houses.

14. Powers and Functions of the Speaker The speaker presides over the meetings of Lok Sabha. In her/his absence, the house is chaired by the Deputy Speaker . The Speaker maintains discipline and decorum of the House. If the situation demands, the Speaker can adjourn the House . All the petitions and documents addressed to the House are received by the Speaker . It is the Lok Sabha Speaker who presides over the joint sitting of both the Houses of the Parliament . The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected by the members from amongst themselves. There is a tradition that the Speaker is elected from the majority party and the Deputy Speaker from the opposition party. 

15. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF UNION PARLIAMENT

16. LEGISLATIVE POWERSជ • The parliament is the highest law making body• It makes laws on the subjects enlisted in the lists• The making of law is initiated by introducing a legislative proposal for the bill (other than money bill) in either of the two Houses of Parliament. CONTROL OVER THE EXECUTIVE ជ • The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha • Controls the executive by asking questions (Question hour ) • Since Rajya Sabha can't pass a vote of no confidence Lok Sabha has more effective control over the union executive

17. FINANCIAL POWERS Annual budget of the Central Government is passed by the Parliament every year • Government can't impose any tax or incur any expenditure if the proposal are not approved by the Parliament • Money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha POWER TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION Both the houses of Parliament can amend the Constitution • Two third of the total number of members of each house should approve the amendment • In some amendments approval of half of the legislative assemblies of states is also required • An amendment Bill can be introduced in either House • But it must be passed by each house separately • The constitution of India provides three methods of amending the constitution

18. JUDICIAL POWERS ជ • Impeachment of the President when it's approved by the majority of both the Houses • Removal of Judges of the Supreme Court, High courts, Chief Election Commissioner etc. ELECTORAL FUNCTIONS ជ • Parliament along with State Legislatures appoints the President of India .• Parliament appoints the Vice President of India • Parliament elects Lok Sabha's Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman