Theories of motivation

Theories of motivation

1. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION PRESENTED BY- Surakshya Poudel Bph 2 nd yr,2 nd batch UCMS

2. 1.Maslow’s theory of Motivation Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation 1954 has hierarchal stage of needs. These are- a)Basic physiological- food,water and shelter. b)Safety need-protection from danger. c)Social need- friendship,love and affection. d)Esteem heels-recognition and self-respect. e)Self-actualization-realizing one’s full potentialities trying to be creative to the fully possible extent.

3. It is also called need based theory need priority theory or hierarchy of need theory .According to the theory, a)Food b)Protection c)Friendship d)Respect and e)Prestige are needed hierarchically to motivate people towards desired health actions.

4. 2. Rosenstock’s theory of motivation Irwin Rosenstock was a US Psychologist and Associate Professor Health Behaviour,School of Public Health,University of Michigan.He was highly influenced by Kurt Lewin.His principles of motivation are as follows: a)Perceived Sustainability to be realized that everybody can be susceptibility of disease so need to take medical message . In the same way in order to be motivated an individual should be aware of the existing problem or need.

5. b)Perceived severity ;to show the danger effect of problem. c) Awareness of possible solution; after being aware of the existing problem and it’s severity if the person knows about the possible solution he may be easily motivated for taking action to solve problems.

6. 3.Kurt lewin’s theory of motivation He compares them to the positive and negative magnetic waves and says that a set of forces which are stronger will decide the degree of motivation. a)Strengthening Driving Forces;emphases the reason to bring change in the behaviour by education e.g.progress quit smoking.(Health educator can explain the risks of smoking and give reasons why a smoker should quit it). b)Reducing the restating forces; concerned individuals should be encouraged to discuss and identify their problems and take action to solve them e.g.by discussion point out problem and solution e.g.superstitious , ignorance ,poverty etc.

7. 4. Buchman’s Principles of Human Motivation Buchaman described five principles of motivation. These are as follows: 1.Personal Need: Motivation is based on the personal need of the related person.If the change will satisfy the needs of the person,which the person belong to according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,the person will have higher chances of motivation. 2.Person and his/her environment :Motivation depends on the person and his/her environment . A person is motivated if it is doable from person’s own skills and capabilities.A health professional must ensure that the environmental situationwill be appropriate for the application of the skill.

8. 3.Interest and values :Motivational efforts should be based on the interest and values of the respective person as each individual behave in ways that make sense to him. 4.Perception and situation :Motivation depends on a person’s prior perception about the change and the situation.If person doesn’t perceive overuse of alcohol as riskto his/her health , it will be difficult to motivate the person. 5.Image and relation with others :Motivation depends on a person’s image of him or herself and his/her relation with others.If a person puts himself as a responsible member of a community and he/she accepts that his/her behaviour affects other peoplein the community,the person could be motivated to positive behaviour .