Theory of meaning by Ogden and Richards

THIS THE THEORY OF OGDEN AND RICHARDS ON THE MEANING. it extract from their book of meaning of meaning. in which they discussed about the semantics triangle.

1. The Theory of Meaning by Richard and Ogden Zaryab BS English 2018 Roll No : 036

2. Introduction The Theory of Meaning Theory of proper meaning superstition Theory of definitions Metaphor Theory of symbols Semantics triangle Content

3. The Theory of meaning is Given by Ogden and Richard in 1927. Richards analyzed the human communication (how human communicate and why they choose the method they do) and co-formulated a theory which is named as The Theory of Meaning This theory is not only define that how human give meanings to their language and the approaches that human take when communicating but also to understand that how communication lost if it will not done correctly. Introduction

4. The Theory of Meaning. The Theory of Meaning The Theory of Meaning is a concept that has been present in communication since first human learned to communicate. As a communicators, we all aware that every thing which we say have some concepts in our mind as well as those to whom we share our words. . The fundamental difference between how we previously looked at meaning and how Richards and Ogden analyzed the meaning which argued by other Scholars that one word have one correct meaning.

5. Richards and Ogden define this theory as each word is not associated with a single correct meaning but each word have different meanings for different person or the meaning are not reside in word it is reside in humans (Erikstad 1998). For example the word glass, now there are variations in the meaning of this word among peoples. If a person were ask someone, what is the meaning of glass, he or she would be pertaining it by the mirror, someone else would be pertaining it with sun glasses, someone would be pertaining it with water glass. So the meaning of glass is different for people by the situation. Proper Meaning Superstition Theory

6. Metaphor Richards and Ogden use metaphor to define meaning. Metaphor helps in the creation of definitions by making a link between words and Ideas by human or experiences which he or she and the audience shared.

7. Definition Theory : In order to correct the problem of “Meaning theory” Richards and Ogden developed another theory “The Definition Theory”. According to this theory when a person speak she or he chooses means different things to different people. The best term to define it is ambiguity by one. To solve the ambiguity problem we have to define things with the relation to different things or to define the various term and concepts (Erikstad 1998).

8. The Theory of symbols Finally Ogden and Richards developed the Theory of symbols. According to this theory symbols are arbitrary by themselves. When they merged with each other then they created a meaning by using ideas which is being expressed. Ogden and Richards stated that words give different meanings according to context in which they used because they are variable (Erikstad 1998)

9. Example A good example is text, text is meaningless by itself as it draw no relation by outside itself however we combine text with any picture or other words, only then we create a workable definition. And this is the fundamental principle behind Richards and Ogden theory.

10. Semantics Triangle In order to define direct relation between thoughts and symbols Richards and Ogden created the "semantic triangle". thought Through semantics triangle, Richards and Ogden believe that they have found a way to connect all the words with their meanings. referent symbol

11. Example For instance the word black is define in arbitrary relationship as symbol and thought, black is a symbol (a word) have arbitrary thoughts that black means fear, bad and sacred, while some consider as respect by their culture, as symbol and referent, black has no meaning by itself till we will not introduced other colors to define black, like black is black because it is not red.

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