theory of Sustainable development , Assumption criticism

SDGs and Sustainability

1. Sustainable
Development
Dr. Rajeev Kumar, MSW (TISS, Mumbai), M.Phil (CIP, Ranchi),
Ph.D., (IIT Kharagpur)

8. what is sustainability ?
Sustainability means reducing our harm on the environment and
ultimately reversing the harm we have already caused.
Sustainability means renewing resources at a rate equal to or greater
than the rate at which they are consumed.
Sustainability means living within the resources of the planet without
damaging the environment now or in the future.
Sustainability means creating an economic system that provides for
quality of life while renewing the environment and its resources.
A sustainable community is one that resembles a living system where all
of the resources (human, natural, and economic) are renewed and in
balance for perpetuity.
Sustainability is creating a world where everyone can have fulfilling
lives and enjoy a rich level of well-being within the limits of what
nature can provide.
Sustainability means taking the long-term view of how our actions effect
future generations and making sure we don't deplete resources or cause
pollution at rates faster than the earth is able to renew them.

10. What is sustainable
development?

14. Case study: Here’s why Punjab state has India’s worst
cancer crisis
https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-07-17/here-s-why-punjab-state-has-india-s-worst-
cancer-crisis
PUNJAB, India —Three days after her mother died, RajinderKaur sat quietly on the
edge of a rope cot, staring at her sandaled feet as the buzz of her friends and family
filled the courtyard of her village home in Sher Singh Walain rural Punjab.
The 20-year-old nursing student, with a girlish frame and long black braid, listlessly
recounted the details of her mother’s last 40 days —from a sudden diagnosis of
blood cancer to the unaffordable treatment that left Kaur with few options but to
watch the pillar of the family suffer in the hospital until she passed away.
Kaur’s mother, who died in May, is among the latest casualties in India’s northern
state of Punjab, home to the highest rate of cancer in India. Here, in the country’s
breadbasket, 18 people succumb to the disease every day, according to a recent
report published by the state government. There are ninety cancer patients per
100,000 people compared to the national average of eighty. And the Malwaregion,
where Kaur’s family lives, has been dubbed "the cancer belt" of the state because of
its particularly high incidence of the disease.
In villages like Sher Singh Wala, working class, agricultural communities are bearing
the heaviest burden of this complex crisis —one that involves limited resources,
lack of political will and a toxic environmental problem that could foreshadow what
many other Indian communities will experience as they follow the state’s economic
model.

15. “We need to strike at the root,”
said J.S. Thakur, professor and
researcher at the Postgraduate
Institute of Medical Education and
Research, who has conducted
extensive studies on cancer in
Punjab.
While the causes of cancer are
complicated and still unknown,
Thakur and his team found that
contaminated water from rapid
industrialization and excessive use
of chemical fertilizers for high-
yielding crops are contributing to
the steep rates in the state. Just
miles away from the Kaur family’s
home are colossal industrial plants
that have polluted the irrigation
system in the area.

16. What is green development?

17. What is green economy?

18. Green development
Green developmentis a real estate development
concept that carefully considers social and
environmental impacts of development.
It is defined by three sub-categories: environmental
responsiveness, resource efficiency, and community and
cultural sensitivity.
Environmental responsiveness respects the intrinsic
value of nature, and minimizes damage to an
ecosystem.
Resource efficiency refers to the use of fewer resources
to conserve energy and the environment.

19. How it started?
Green development emerged as a result of the environmental
movement in the 1970s.
In the real estate industry, use of the term commenced in 1987
with a report from theWorld Commission on Environment and
Development, entitled "Our Common Future".
The report includes 16 principles of environmental management,
designed to foster green development.
It also discusses the traditional model of macroeconomic growth,
and its disregard for environmental consequences.
Following this initial movement, the real estate industry
experienced a back-and-forth relationship with "green"
methodologies; environmental issues often came second behind
purely economic factors.
Incessant environmental concern and legislation affecting the real
estate sector began to emerge, i.e. Green development.

20. Green development in
practice
The Holly Street Village Apartments
The city ofPasadena, Californiahas recently adopted a
general plan based on seven guiding principles:
community needs and quality of life, preservation of
Pasadena's historic character, economic vitality, a
healthy family community, lack of need for
automobiles, promoted as a cultural, scientific,
corporate, entertainment and educational center for
the region, and community participation.

21. Inn of the Anasazi
Zimmer Associates International, a real estate
development firm, completed the Inn of the Anasazi
inSanta Fe, New Mexicoin 1991.
Robert Zimmer (co-founder) and his partners, Steve
Conger and Michael Fuller,
set a goal to construct a building that would, "showcase
energy-and resource-saving technologies, strengthen
local community, offer first class elegance, and
financially reward its participants

22. Inn of the Anasazi

23. Taipei 101
Taipei 101, stylized as TAIPEI 101, is a 1,667 feet
(508m) tall skyscraper located inTaipei, Taiwanwhich
has receivedLEED(Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design) certification from theU.S. Green
Building Councilas the highest score in history.
In this project, "TAIPEI" is an acronym for "technology,"
"art," "innovation," "people," "environment," and
"identity.

25. The Holly Street Village
Apartments

26. Critiques of green
development
A common critique of green development is that it
negatively affects the way real estate developers do
business, as it can increase cost and create delay.
For example, becoming LEED-certified can contribute
to additional costs.
This includes additional building design and construction
fees, interior design and construction fees, building
operations and maintenance fees, neighborhood
development fees, home and campus fees, and volume
program fees
LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

27. Sustainable
development goal
What it is???

28. SDG and MDG
As of August 2015, there were 169 proposed targets for
these goals and 304 proposed indicators to show
compliance.
TheSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) replace the
eightMillennium Development Goals(MDGs), which
expired at the end of 2015.
The MDGs were established in 2000 following
theMillennium Summitof theUnited Nations.
Adopted by the 189United Nations member statesat
the time and more than twentyinternational
organizations, these goals were advanced to help
achieve the followingsustainable
developmentstandards by 2015.

29. How we set goals

33. Sustainable Development
Goals
TheSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) are the current
harmonized set of seventeen future international
development targets.
The Official Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted
on 25 September 2015 has 92 paragraphs,
with the main paragraph (51) outlining the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals and its associated 169 targets.
This included the following seventeen goals:
TheSustainable Development Goals(SDGs) orGlobal
Goalsare a collection of 17 interlinked goals designed to
be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable
future for all".
[1]
The SDGs, set in 2015 by theUnited
Nations General Assemblyand intended to be achieved by
the year 2030, are part of aUN Resolutioncalled the"2030
Agenda"

34. Sustainable Development
Goals
Poverty–End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Food–End hunger, achievefood securityand improved nutrition
and promotesustainable agriculture
Health–Ensure healthy lives and promotewell-beingfor all at all
ages
Education–Ensureinclusiveandequitablequality education and
promotelifelong learningopportunities for all
Women–Achievegender equalityandempowerall women and
girls
Water–Ensure availability and sustainable management of water
and sanitation for all
Energy–Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and
modern energy for all
Economy–Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment anddecent workfor all

35. Continued
 Infrastructure–Build resilientinfrastructure, promote inclusive andsustainable
industrializationand fosterinnovation
 Inequality–Reduceinequalitywithin and among countries
 Habitation–Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
 Consumption–Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
[113]
 Climate–Take urgent action to combatclimate changeand its impacts, ensuring that both
mitigation and adaptation strategies are in placed
 Marine-ecosystems–Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marineresourcesfor sustainable development
 Ecosystems–Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrialecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combatdesertification, and halt and reverseland
degradationand haltbiodiversity loss
 Institutions–Promote peaceful and inclusive societies forsustainable development,
provideaccess to justicefor all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions
at all levels
 Sustainability–Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership forsustainable developmen

36. Sustainable development
goals

57. Millennium development
goals
To eradicateextreme poverty and hunger
To achieveuniversal primary education
To promotegender equalityand empower women
To reducechild mortality
To improvematernal health
To combatHIV/AIDS,malaria, and other diseases
To ensure environmental sustainability (one of the
targets in this goal focuses on increasing sustainable
access to safedrinking waterand basicsanitation)
To develop a global partnership for development

58. What we achieve and lost ??

59. Voluntary National Review 2020: What
are other achievement of India?
India, home to one-sixth of all humanity, holds the key to the
success of the 2030 Agenda. India in its second VNR has made a
paradigm shift to a “whole-of-society” approach with Government
of India engaging sub-national and local governments, civil society
organizations, local communities, people in vulnerable situations
and the private sector.
India’s commitment to the SDGs is reflected in its convergence with
the national development agenda as reflected in the motto of Sabka
SaathSabkaVikaas(Collective Efforts for Inclusive Growth).
Based on the evidence from the SDG India Index, which measures
progress at the subnational level, the country has developed a
robust SDG localization model centeredon adoption,
implementation and monitoring at the State and district levels.
The following narrative further encapsulates India’s progress across
the SDGs.

60. SashaktBharat -Sabal
Bharat
SashaktBharat -SabalBharat (Empowered and
Resilient India): India has successfully lifted more than
271 million people out of multidimensional poverty
through economic growth and empowerment.
Enhanced access to nutrition, child health, education,
sanitation, drinking water, electricity and housing, has
led to reduced inequalities especially among people in
vulnerable situations.

61. SwachhBharat -SwasthBharat (Clean and
Healthy India):
SwachhBharat -SwasthBharat (Clean and Healthy India): Through a
nationwide initiative triggered by the Clean India Campaign and the National
Nutrition Mission, India achieved 100% rural sanitation and sharp reduction
in stunting and child and maternal mortality rates.
Universal health coverage has been institutionalized through Ayushmaan
Bharat, the world’s largest health protection scheme which provides an
annual cover of USD 7,000 to 100 million families, covering nearly 500
million individuals.
India is at the forefront in the call for joint global action to address the
COVID-19 pandemic. The country has extended medical assistance to several
countries and has operationalized the SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund with
an initial contribution of USD 10 million.
Domestically, India’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic includes an initial
USD 22.5 billion economic stimulus package, comprehensive health coverage
for front-line workers and direct cash transfers for the most vulnerable.

62. SamagraBharat -SakshamBharat
(Inclusive and Entrepreneurial India):
SamagraBharat -SakshamBharat (Inclusive and Entrepreneurial
India): Social inclusion is pursued through universalizing access to
nutrition, health, education, social protection, and developing
capabilities for entrepreneurship and employment.
Financial inclusion through Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity –
near universal access to bank accounts aided by the Jan Dhan
Yojana(National Financial Inclusion Scheme);
Aadhaarcard (National unique identity number) for over 90% of the
population; and expansive access to mobile phones, has propelled
new avenues of credit, insurance, and Direct Benefit Transfers
(DBT) to the poor, including to over 200 million women, thereby
accelerating their economic empowerment.

63. SatatBharat –SanatanBharat
(Sustainable India):
SatatBharat –SanatanBharat (Sustainable India): India’s climate
action strategies call for clean and efficient energy systems, disaster
resilient infrastructure, and planned eco-restoration.
Acting on its nationally-determined contributions, India has
electrified 100% of its villages, reduced 38 million tonnes of CO2
emissions annually through energy efficient appliances, provided
clean cooking fuel to 80 million poor households, and set a target to
install 450GW of renewable energy and restore 26 million hectares of
degraded land by 2030.
Globally, India stands third in renewable power, fourth in wind power,
and fifth in solar power.
India launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and
the International Solar Alliance to leverage global partnerships for
climate action and disaster resilience.

64. SampannaBharat-SamriddhBharat
(Prosperous and Vibrant India):
SampannaBharat-SamriddhBharat (Prosperous and Vibrant India): India is
one of the fastest growing emerging market economies with a young
population and burgeoning innovation and business ecosystem.
With a GDP of USD 2.72 trillion in 2018-19, India strives to become a USD 5
trillion economy by 2025, and pursue an inclusive and sustainable growth
trajectory by stimulating manufacturing, building infrastructure, spurring
investments, fostering technological innovation, and boosting
entrepreneurship.
In the spirit of South-South Cooperation, for realizing the 2030 Agenda, India
supports developing countries through the USD 150 million India-UN
Development Partnership Fund.
In this spirit of regional and global partnerships, and the country’s
commitment to ‘leave no one behind’, India steps into the Decade of Action,
drawing confidence from its experience in addressing challenges.
Government of India will continue to work collaboratively with all domestic
and global stakeholders to accelerate efforts for a sustainable planet for
future generations.

65. A brief discussion
MDG and SDG: how relevant they are in present
context?

66. Thanks
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